List of astronauts by first flight
This is a list of astronauts by first flight, in chronological order, according to the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale criterion of achieving an altitude higher than 100 km (62 mi; 330,000 ft), thereby crossing the Kármán line. During the 1960s, the United States Air Force considered an altitude of 50 mi (80 km; 260,000 ft) as the limit of space; United States Air Force and NASA personnel exceeding that altitude at the time could be awarded the astronaut badge. Thirteen X-15 flights travelled higher than 50 miles.
Astronauts
Table parameters
Legend | |||
---|---|---|---|
Italic | In the 'Name' column, denotes astronauts who have flown to the Moon without landing. | ||
Bold | In the 'Name' column, denotes astronauts who have walked on the Moon. | ||
Bold italic | In the 'Name' column, denotes astronauts who have walked on the Moon and who have also flown to the Moon without landing. | ||
‡ | After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight.[nb 1] | ||
† | After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight.[nb 1] | ||
Denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was intended to cross the Kármán line, but failed to do so. |
First 100
Number | Name | Nationality | Date | Spacecraft | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yuri Gagarin | 12 April 1961 | Vostok 1 | [1][2] | |
2 | Alan Shepard | 5 May 1961 | Freedom 7 | [3][4][nb 2] | |
3 | Virgil Grissom | 21 July 1961 | Liberty Bell 7 | [5][6][nb 2] | |
4 | Gherman Titov | 6 August 1961 | Vostok 2 | [7] | |
5 | John Glenn | 20 February 1962 | Friendship 7 | [8][9] | |
6 | Scott Carpenter | 24 May 1962 | Aurora 7 | [10] | |
7 | Andriyan Nikolayev | 11 August 1962 | Vostok 3 | [11][12] | |
8 | Pavel Popovich | 12 August 1962 | Vostok 4 | [11][13] | |
9 | Walter Schirra | 3 October 1962 | Sigma 7 | [14] | |
10 | Gordon Cooper | 15 May 1963 | Faith 7 | [15] | |
11 | Valery Bykovsky | 14 June 1963 | Vostok 5 | [16] | |
12 | Valentina Tereshkova | 16 June 1963 | Vostok 6 | [17] | |
13 | Joseph Walker | 19 July 1963 | X-15 Flight 90 | [18][nb 2] | |
14 | Konstantin Feoktistov | 12 October 1964 | Voskhod 1 | [19] | |
Vladimir Komarov † | 12 October 1964 | Voskhod 1 | [19][nb 3] | ||
Boris Yegorov | 12 October 1964 | Voskhod 1 | [19] | ||
17 | Pavel Belyayev | 18 March 1965 | Voskhod 2 | [20] | |
Alexey Leonov | 18 March 1965 | Voskhod 2 | [20] | ||
19 | John Young | 23 March 1965 | Gemini 3 | [21] | |
20 | James McDivitt | 3 June 1965 | Gemini 4 | [22] | |
Edward White | 3 June 1965 | Gemini 4 | [22] | ||
22 | Pete Conrad | 21 August 1965 | Gemini 5 | [23] | |
23 | Frank Borman | 4 December 1965 | Gemini 7 | [24] | |
James Lovell | 4 December 1965 | Gemini 7 | [24] | ||
25 | Thomas Stafford | 15 December 1965 | Gemini 6A | [25] | |
26 | Neil Armstrong | 16 March 1966 | Gemini 8 | [26] | |
David Scott | 16 March 1966 | Gemini 8 | [26] | ||
28 | Eugene Cernan | 3 June 1966 | Gemini 9A | [27] | |
29 | Michael Collins | 18 July 1966 | Gemini 10 | [28] | |
30 | Richard Gordon | 12 September 1966 | Gemini 11 | [29] | |
31 | Edwin Aldrin | 11 November 1966 | Gemini 12 | [30] | |
32 | Walter Cunningham | 11 October 1968 | Apollo 7 | [31] | |
Donn Eisele | 11 October 1968 | Apollo 7 | [31] | ||
34 | Georgy Beregovoy | 26 October 1968 | Soyuz 3 | [32] | |
35 | William Anders | 21 December 1968 | Apollo 8 | [33] | |
36 | Vladimir Shatalov | 14 January 1969 | Soyuz 4 | [34] | |
37 | Yevgeny Khrunov | 15 January 1969 | Soyuz 5 | [35] | |
Boris Volynov | 15 January 1969 | Soyuz 5 | [35] | ||
Aleksei Yeliseyev | 15 January 1969 | Soyuz 5 | [35] | ||
40 | Russell Schweickart | 3 March 1969 | Apollo 9 | [36] | |
41 | Valeri Kubasov | 11 October 1969 | Soyuz 6 | [37] | |
Georgy Shonin | 11 October 1969 | Soyuz 6 | [37] | ||
43 | Anatoly Filipchenko | 12 October 1969 | Soyuz 7 | [38] | |
Viktor Gorbatko | 12 October 1969 | Soyuz 7 | [38] | ||
Vladislav Volkov † | 12 October 1969 | Soyuz 7 | [38][nb 4] | ||
46 | Alan Bean | 14 November 1969 | Apollo 12 | [39] | |
47 | Fred Haise | 11 April 1970 | Apollo 13 | [40] | |
Jack Swigert | 11 April 1970 | Apollo 13 | [40] | ||
49 | Vitaly Sevastyanov | 1 June 1970 | Soyuz 9 | [41] | |
50 | Edgar Mitchell | 31 January 1971 | Apollo 14 | [42] | |
Stuart Roosa | 31 January 1971 | Apollo 14 | [42] | ||
52 | Nikolay Rukavishnikov | 22 April 1971 | Soyuz 10 | [43] | |
53 | Georgy Dobrovolsky ‡ | 6 June 1971 | Soyuz 11 | [44][nb 4] | |
Viktor Patsayev ‡ | 6 June 1971 | Soyuz 11 | [44][nb 4] | ||
55 | James Irwin | 26 July 1971 | Apollo 15 | [45] | |
Alfred Worden | 26 July 1971 | Apollo 15 | [45] | ||
57 | Charles Duke | 16 April 1972 | Apollo 16 | [46] | |
Ken Mattingly | 16 April 1972 | Apollo 16 | [46] | ||
59 | Ronald Evans | 7 December 1972 | Apollo 17 | [47] | |
Harrison Schmitt | 7 December 1972 | Apollo 17 | [47] | ||
61 | Joseph Kerwin | 25 May 1973 | Skylab 2 | [48] | |
Paul Weitz | 25 May 1973 | Skylab 2 | [48] | ||
63 | Owen Garriott | 28 July 1973 | Skylab 3 | [49] | |
Jack Lousma | 28 July 1973 | Skylab 3 | [49] | ||
65 | Vasily Lazarev | 27 September 1973 | Soyuz 12 | [50] | |
Oleg Makarov | 27 September 1973 | Soyuz 12 | [50] | ||
67 | Gerald Carr | 16 November 1973 | Skylab 4 | [51] | |
Edward Gibson | 16 November 1973 | Skylab 4 | [51] | ||
William Pogue | 16 November 1973 | Skylab 4 | [51] | ||
70 | Pyotr Klimuk | 18 December 1973 | Soyuz 13 | [52] | |
Valentin Lebedev | 18 December 1973 | Soyuz 13 | [52] | ||
72 | Yury Artyukhin | 3 July 1974 | Soyuz 14 | [53] | |
73 | Lev Dyomin | 26 August 1974 | Soyuz 15 | [54] | |
Gennadi Sarafanov | 26 August 1974 | Soyuz 15 | [54] | ||
75 | Georgy Grechko | 10 January 1975 | Soyuz 17 | [55] | |
Aleksei Gubarev | 10 January 1975 | Soyuz 17 | [55] | ||
77 | Vance Brand | 15 July 1975 | ASTP | [56] | |
Donald Slayton | 15 July 1975 | ASTP | [56] | ||
79 | Vitaly Zholobov | 6 July 1976 | Soyuz 21 | [57] | |
80 | Vladimir Aksyonov | 15 September 1976 | Soyuz 22 | [58] | |
81 | Valery Rozhdestvensky | 14 October 1976 | Soyuz 23 | [59] | |
Vyacheslav Zudov | 14 October 1976 | Soyuz 23 | [59] | ||
83 | Yury Glazkov | 7 February 1977 | Soyuz 24 | [60] | |
84 | Vladimir Kovalyonok | 9 October 1977 | Soyuz 25 | [61] | |
Valery Ryumin | 9 October 1977 | Soyuz 25 | [61] | ||
86 | Yury Romanenko | 10 December 1977 | Soyuz 26 | [62] | |
87 | Vladimir Dzhanibekov | 10 January 1978 | Soyuz 27 | [63] | |
88 | Vladimír Remek | 2 March 1978 | Soyuz 28 | [64] | |
89 | Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | 15 June 1978 | Soyuz 29 | [65] | |
90 | Mirosław Hermaszewski | 27 June 1978 | Soyuz 30 | [66] | |
91 | Sigmund Jähn | 26 August 1978 | Soyuz 31 | [67] | |
92 | Vladimir Lyakhov | 25 February 1979 | Soyuz 32 | [68] | |
93 | Georgi Ivanov | 10 April 1979 | Soyuz 33 | [69] | |
94 | Leonid Popov | 9 April 1980 | Soyuz 35 | [70] | |
95 | Bertalan Farkas | 26 May 1980 | Soyuz 36 | [71] | |
96 | Yury Malyshev | 5 June 1980 | Soyuz T-2 | [72] | |
97 | Phạm Tuân | 23 July 1980 | Soyuz 37 | [73] | |
98 | Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez | 18 September 1980 | Soyuz 38 | [74] | |
99 | Leonid Kizim | 27 November 1980 | Soyuz T-3 | [75] | |
Gennadi Strekalov | 27 November 1980 | Soyuz T-3 | [75] |
101–200
Number | Name | Nationality | Date | Spacecraft | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
101 | Viktor Savinykh | 12 March 1981 | Soyuz T-4 | [76] | |
102 | Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa | 22 March 1981 | Soyuz 39 | [77] | |
103 | Robert Crippen | 12 April 1981 | STS-1 | [78][79] | |
104 | Dumitru Prunariu | 14 May 1981 | Soyuz 40 | [80] | |
105 | Joseph Engle | 12 November 1981 | STS-2 | [81] | |
Richard Truly | 12 November 1981 | STS-2 | [81] | ||
107 | Charles Fullerton | 22 March 1982 | STS-3 | [82] | |
108 | Anatoly Berezovoy | 13 May 1982 | Soyuz T-5 | [83] | |
109 | Jean-Loup Chrétien | 24 June 1982 | Soyuz T-6 | [84] | |
110 | Henry Hartsfield | 27 June 1982 | STS-4 | [85] | |
111 | Svetlana Savitskaya | 19 August 1982 | Soyuz T-7 | [86] | |
Aleksandr Serebrov | 19 August 1982 | Soyuz T-7 | [86] | ||
113 | Joseph Allen | 11 November 1982 | STS-5 | [87] | |
William Lenoir | 11 November 1982 | STS-5 | [87] | ||
Robert Overmyer | 11 November 1982 | STS-5 | [87] | ||
116 | Karol Bobko | 4 April 1983 | STS-6 | [88] | |
Story Musgrave | 4 April 1983 | STS-6 | [88] | ||
Donald Peterson | 4 April 1983 | STS-6 | [88] | ||
119 | Vladimir Titov | 20 April 1983 | Soyuz T-8 | [89] | |
120 | John Fabian | 18 June 1983 | STS-7 | [90] | |
Frederick Hauck | 18 June 1983 | STS-7 | [90] | ||
Sally Ride | 18 June 1983 | STS-7 | [90] | ||
Norman Thagard | 18 June 1983 | STS-7 | [90] | ||
124 | Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov | 27 June 1983 | Soyuz T-9 | [91] | |
125 | Guion Bluford | 30 August 1983 | STS-8 | [92] | |
Daniel Brandenstein | 30 August 1983 | STS-8 | [92] | ||
Dale Gardner | 30 August 1983 | STS-8 | [92] | ||
William Thornton | 30 August 1983 | STS-8 | [92] | ||
129 | Byron Lichtenberg | 28 November 1983 | STS-9 | [93] | |
Ulf Merbold | 28 November 1983 | STS-9 | [93] | ||
Robert Parker | 28 November 1983 | STS-9 | [93] | ||
Brewster Shaw | 28 November 1983 | STS-9 | [93] | ||
133 | Robert Gibson | 3 February 1984 | STS-41-B | [94] | |
Bruce McCandless | 3 February 1984 | STS-41-B | [94] | ||
Ronald McNair † | 3 February 1984 | STS-41-B | [94][nb 5] | ||
Robert Stewart | 3 February 1984 | STS-41-B | [94] | ||
137 | Oleg Atkov | 8 February 1984 | Soyuz T-10 | [95] | |
Vladimir Solovyov | 8 February 1984 | Soyuz T-10 | [95] | ||
139 | Rakesh Sharma | 3 April 1984 | Soyuz T-11 | [96] | |
140 | Terry Hart | 6 April 1984 | STS-41-C | [97] | |
George Nelson | 6 April 1984 | STS-41-C | [97] | ||
Francis Scobee † | 6 April 1984 | STS-41-C | [97][nb 5] | ||
James van Hoften | 6 April 1984 | STS-41-C | [97] | ||
144 | Igor Volk | 17 July 1984 | Soyuz T-12 | [98] | |
145 | Michael Coats | 30 August 1984 | STS-41-D | [99] | |
Steven Hawley | 30 August 1984 | STS-41-D | [99] | ||
Richard Mullane | 30 August 1984 | STS-41-D | [99] | ||
Judith Resnik † | 30 August 1984 | STS-41-D | [99][nb 5] | ||
Charles Walker | 30 August 1984 | STS-41-D | [99] | ||
150 | Marc Garneau | 5 October 1984 | STS-41-G | [100] | |
David Leestma | 5 October 1984 | STS-41-G | [100] | ||
Jon McBride | 5 October 1984 | STS-41-G | [100] | ||
Paul Scully-Power | 5 October 1984 | STS-41-G | [100] | ||
Kathryn Sullivan | 5 October 1984 | STS-41-G | [100] | ||
155 | Anna Fisher | 8 November 1984 | STS-51-A | [101] | |
David Walker | 8 November 1984 | STS-51-A | [101] | ||
157 | James Buchli | 24 January 1985 | STS-51-C | [102] | |
Ellison Onizuka † | 24 January 1985 | STS-51-C | [102][nb 5] | ||
Gary Payton | 24 January 1985 | STS-51-C | [102] | ||
Loren Shriver | 24 January 1985 | STS-51-C | [102] | ||
161 | Edwin Garn | 12 April 1985 | STS-51-D | [103] | |
Stanley Griggs | 12 April 1985 | STS-51-D | [103] | ||
Jeffrey Hoffman | 12 April 1985 | STS-51-D | [103] | ||
Margaret Seddon | 12 April 1985 | STS-51-D | [103] | ||
Donald Williams | 12 April 1985 | STS-51-D | [103] | ||
166 | Frederick Gregory | 29 April 1985 | STS-51-B | [104] | |
Don Lind | 29 April 1985 | STS-51-B | [104] | ||
Lodewijk van den Berg | 29 April 1985 | STS-51-B | [104] | ||
Taylor Wang | 29 April 1985 | STS-51-B | [104] | ||
170 | Sultan Al-Saud | 17 June 1985 | STS-51-G | [105] | |
Patrick Baudry | 17 June 1985 | STS-51-G | [105] | ||
John Creighton | 17 June 1985 | STS-51-G | [105] | ||
Shannon Lucid | 17 June 1985 | STS-51-G | [105] | ||
Steven Nagel | 17 June 1985 | STS-51-G | [105] | ||
175 | Loren Acton | 29 July 1985 | STS-51-F | [106] | |
John Bartoe | 29 July 1985 | STS-51-F | [106] | ||
Roy Bridges | 29 July 1985 | STS-51-F | [106] | ||
Anthony England | 29 July 1985 | STS-51-F | [106] | ||
Karl Henize | 29 July 1985 | STS-51-F | [106] | ||
180 | Richard Covey | 27 August 1985 | STS-51-I | [107] | |
William Fisher | 27 August 1985 | STS-51-I | [107] | ||
John Lounge | 27 August 1985 | STS-51-I | [107] | ||
183 | Vladimir Vasyutin | 17 September 1985 | Soyuz T-14 | [108] | |
Aleksandr Volkov | 17 September 1985 | Soyuz T-14 | [108] | ||
185 | Ronald Grabe | 3 October 1985 | STS-51-J | [109] | |
David Hilmers | 3 October 1985 | STS-51-J | [109] | ||
William Pailes | 3 October 1985 | STS-51-J | [109] | ||
188 | Bonnie Dunbar | 30 October 1985 | STS-61-A | [110] | |
Reinhard Furrer | 30 October 1985 | STS-61-A | [110] | ||
Ernst Messerschmid | 30 October 1985 | STS-61-A | [110] | ||
Wubbo Ockels | 30 October 1985 | STS-61-A | [110] | ||
192 | Mary Cleave | 27 November 1985 | STS-61-B | [111] | |
Rodolfo Neri Vela | 27 November 1985 | STS-61-B | [111] | ||
Bryan O'Connor | 27 November 1985 | STS-61-B | [111] | ||
Jerry Ross | 27 November 1985 | STS-61-B | [111] | ||
Sherwood Spring | 27 November 1985 | STS-61-B | [111] | ||
197 | Charles Bolden | 12 January 1986 | STS-61-C | [112] | |
Robert Cenker | 12 January 1986 | STS-61-C | [112] | ||
Franklin Chang Díaz | 12 January 1986 | STS-61-C | [112] | ||
Clarence "Bill" Nelson | 12 January 1986 | STS-61-C | [112] |
201–301
Number | Name | Nationality | Date | Spacecraft | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
— | [113][nb 5] | ||||
[114][nb 5] | |||||
[115][nb 5] | |||||
201 | Aleksandr Laveykin | 5 February 1987 | Soyuz TM-2 | [116] | |
202 | Muhammed Faris | 22 July 1987 | Soyuz TM-3 | [117] | |
Aleksandr Viktorenko | 22 July 1987 | Soyuz TM-3 | [117] | ||
204 | Anatoly Levchenko | 21 December 1987 | Soyuz TM-4 | [118] | |
Musa Manarov | 21 December 1987 | Soyuz TM-4 | [118] | ||
206 | Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov | 7 June 1988 | Soyuz TM-5 | [119] | |
Anatoly Solovyev | 7 June 1988 | Soyuz TM-5 | [119] | ||
208 | Abdul Mohmand | 29 August 1988 | Soyuz TM-6 | [120] | |
Valeri Polyakov | 29 August 1988 | Soyuz TM-6 | [120] | ||
210 | Sergei Krikalev | 26 November 1988 | Soyuz TM-7 | [121] | |
211 | Guy Gardner | 2 December 1988 | STS-27 | [122] | |
William Shepherd | 2 December 1988 | STS-27 | [122] | ||
213 | James Bagian | 13 March 1989 | STS-29 | [123] | |
John Blaha | 13 March 1989 | STS-29 | [123] | ||
Robert Springer | 13 March 1989 | STS-29 | [123] | ||
216 | Mark Lee | 4 May 1989 | STS-30 | [124] | |
217 | James Adamson | 8 August 1989 | STS-28 | [125] | |
Mark Brown | 8 August 1989 | STS-28 | [125] | ||
Richard Richards | 8 August 1989 | STS-28 | [125] | ||
220 | Ellen Baker | 18 October 1989 | STS-34 | [126] | |
Michael McCulley | 18 October 1989 | STS-34 | [126] | ||
222 | Manly Carter | 23 November 1989 | STS-33 | [127] | |
Kathryn Thornton | 23 November 1989 | STS-33 | [127] | ||
224 | Marsha Ivins | 9 January 1990 | STS-32 | [128] | |
George Low | 9 January 1990 | STS-32 | [128] | ||
James Wetherbee | 9 January 1990 | STS-32 | [128] | ||
227 | Aleksandr Balandin | 11 February 1990 | Soyuz TM-9 | [129] | |
228 | John Casper | 28 February 1990 | STS-36 | [130] | |
Pierre Thuot | 28 February 1990 | STS-36 | [130] | ||
230 | Gennadi Manakov | 1 August 1990 | Soyuz TM-10 | [131] | |
231 | Thomas Akers | 6 October 1990 | STS-41 | [132] | |
Robert Cabana | 6 October 1990 | STS-41 | [132] | ||
Bruce Melnick | 6 October 1990 | STS-41 | [132] | ||
234 | Frank Culbertson | 15 November 1990 | STS-38 | [133] | |
Charles Gemar | 15 November 1990 | STS-38 | [133] | ||
Carl Meade | 15 November 1990 | STS-38 | [133] | ||
237 | Samuel Durrance | 2 December 1990 | STS-35 | [134] | |
Ronald Parise | 2 December 1990 | STS-35 | [134] | ||
239 | Viktor Afanasyev | 2 December 1990 | Soyuz TM-11 | [135] | |
Toyohiro Akiyama | 2 December 1990 | Soyuz TM-11 | [135] | ||
241 | Jerome Apt | 5 April 1991 | STS-37 | [136] | |
Kenneth Cameron | 5 April 1991 | STS-37 | [136] | ||
Linda Godwin | 5 April 1991 | STS-37 | [136] | ||
244 | Lloyd Hammond | 28 April 1991 | STS-39 | [137] | |
Gregory Harbaugh | 28 April 1991 | STS-39 | [137] | ||
Richard Hieb | 28 April 1991 | STS-39 | [137] | ||
Donald McMonagle | 28 April 1991 | STS-39 | [137] | ||
Charles Veach | 28 April 1991 | STS-39 | [137] | ||
249 | Anatoly Artsebarsky | 18 May 1991 | Soyuz TM-12 | [138] | |
Helen Sharman | 18 May 1991 | Soyuz TM-12 | [138] | ||
251 | Francis Gaffney | 5 June 1991 | STS-40 | [139] | |
Sidney Gutierrez | 5 June 1991 | STS-40 | [139] | ||
Millie Hughes-Fulford | 5 June 1991 | STS-40 | [139] | ||
Tamara Jernigan | 5 June 1991 | STS-40 | [139] | ||
255 | Michael Baker | 2 August 1991 | STS-43 | [140] | |
256 | Kenneth Reightler | 12 September 1991 | STS-48 | [141] | |
257 | Toktar Aubakirov | 2 October 1991 | Soyuz TM-13 | [142] | |
Franz Viehböck | 2 October 1991 | Soyuz TM-13 | [142] | ||
259 | Thomas Hennen | 25 November 1991 | STS-44 | [143] | |
Terence Henricks | 25 November 1991 | STS-44 | [143] | ||
Mario Runco | 25 November 1991 | STS-44 | [143] | ||
James Voss | 25 November 1991 | STS-44 | [143] | ||
263 | Roberta Bondar | 22 January 1992 | STS-42 | [144] | |
Stephen Oswald | 22 January 1992 | STS-42 | [144] | ||
William Readdy | 22 January 1992 | STS-42 | [144] | ||
266 | Klaus-Dietrich Flade | 17 March 1992 | Soyuz TM-14 | [145] | |
Aleksandr Kaleri | 17 March 1992 | Soyuz TM-14 | [145] | ||
268 | Brian Duffy | 24 March 1992 | STS-45 | [146] | |
Michael Foale | 24 March 1992 | STS-45 | [146][nb 6] | ||
Dirk Frimout | 24 March 1992 | STS-45 | [146] | ||
271 | Kevin Chilton | 7 May 1992 | STS-49 | [146] | |
272 | Kenneth Bowersox | 25 June 1992 | STS-50 | [147] | |
Lawrence DeLucas | 25 June 1992 | STS-50 | [147] | ||
Eugene Trinh | 25 June 1992 | STS-50 | [147] | ||
275 | Sergei Avdeyev | 27 July 1992 | Soyuz TM-15 | [148] | |
Michel Tognini | 27 July 1992 | Soyuz TM-15 | [148] | ||
277 | Andrew Allen | 31 July 1992 | STS-46 | [149] | |
Franco Malerba | 31 July 1992 | STS-46 | [149] | ||
Claude Nicollier | 31 July 1992 | STS-46 | [149] | ||
280 | Curtis Brown | 12 September 1992 | STS-47 | [150] | |
Nancy Davis | 12 September 1992 | STS-47 | [150] | ||
Mae Jemison | 12 September 1992 | STS-47 | [150] | ||
Mamoru Mohri | 12 September 1992 | STS-47 | [150] | ||
284 | Steven MacLean | 22 October 1992 | STS-52 | [151] | |
285 | Michael Clifford | 2 December 1992 | STS-53 | [152] | |
286 | Susan Helms | 13 January 1993 | STS-54 | [153] | |
287 | Aleksandr Poleshchuk | 24 January 1993 | Soyuz TM-16 | [154] | |
288 | Kenneth Cockrell | 8 April 1993 | STS-56 | [155] | |
Ellen Ochoa | 8 April 1993 | STS-56 | [155] | ||
290 | Bernard Harris | 26 April 1993 | STS-55 | [156] | |
Charles Precourt | 26 April 1993 | STS-55 | [156] | ||
Hans Schlegel | 26 April 1993 | STS-55 | [156] | ||
Ulrich Walter | 26 April 1993 | STS-55 | [156] | ||
294 | Nancy Currie | 21 June 1993 | STS-57 | [157] | |
Janice Voss | 21 June 1993 | STS-57 | [157] | ||
Peter Wisoff | 21 June 1993 | STS-57 | [157] | ||
297 | Jean-Pierre Haigneré | 1 July 1993 | Soyuz TM-17 | [158] | |
Vasily Tsibliyev | 1 July 1993 | Soyuz TM-17 | [158] | ||
299 | Daniel Bursch | 12 September 1993 | STS-51 | [159] | |
James Newman | 12 September 1993 | STS-51 | [159] | ||
Carl Walz | 12 September 1993 | STS-51 | [159] |
302–401
Number | Name | Nationality | Date | Spacecraft | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
302 | Martin Fettman | 18 October 1993 | STS-58 | [160] | |
William McArthur | 18 October 1993 | STS-58 | [160] | ||
Richard Searfoss | 18 October 1993 | STS-58 | [160] | ||
David Wolf | 18 October 1993 | STS-58 | [160] | ||
306 | Yury Usachov | 8 January 1994 | Soyuz TM-18 | [161] | |
307 | Ronald Sega | 3 February 1994 | STS-60 | [162] | |
308 | Thomas Jones | 9 April 1994 | STS-59 | [163] | |
309 | Yuri Malenchenko | 1 July 1994 | Soyuz TM-19 | [164] | |
Talgat Musabayev | 1 July 1994 | Soyuz TM-19 | [164] | ||
311 | Leroy Chiao | 8 July 1994 | STS-65 | [165] | |
James Halsell | 8 July 1994 | STS-65 | [165] | ||
Chiaki Mukai | 8 July 1994 | STS-65 | [165] | ||
Donald Thomas | 8 July 1994 | STS-65 | [165] | ||
315 | Jerry Linenger | 9 September 1994 | STS-64 | [166] | |
316 | Stephen Smith | 30 September 1994 | STS-68 | [167] | |
Terrence Wilcutt | 30 September 1994 | STS-68 | [167] | ||
318 | Yelena Kondakova | 3 October 1994 | Soyuz TM-20 | [168] | |
319 | Jean-François Clervoy | 3 November 1994 | STS-66 | [169] | |
Scott Parazynski | 3 November 1994 | STS-66 | [169] | ||
Joseph Tanner | 3 November 1994 | STS-66 | [169] | ||
322 | Eileen Collins | 3 February 1995 | STS-63 | [170] | |
323 | William Gregory | 2 March 1995 | STS-67 | [171] | |
John Grunsfeld | 2 March 1995 | STS-67 | [171] | ||
Wendy Lawrence | 2 March 1995 | STS-67 | [171] | ||
326 | Vladimir Dezhurov | 14 March 1995 | Soyuz TM-21 | [172] | |
327 | Nikolai Budarin | 27 June 1995 | STS-71 | [173] | |
328 | Kevin Kregel | 13 July 1995 | STS-70 | [174] | |
Mary Weber | 13 July 1995 | STS-70 | [174] | ||
330 | Yuri Gidzenko | 3 September 1995 | Soyuz TM-22 | [175] | |
Thomas Reiter | 3 September 1995 | Soyuz TM-22 | [175] | ||
332 | Michael Gernhardt | 7 September 1995 | STS-69 | [176] | |
333 | Catherine Coleman | 20 October 1995 | STS-73 | [177] | |
Frederick Leslie | 20 October 1995 | STS-73 | [177] | ||
Michael López-Alegría | 20 October 1995 | STS-73 | [177] | ||
Kent Rominger | 20 October 1995 | STS-73 | [177] | ||
Albert Sacco | 20 October 1995 | STS-73 | [177] | ||
338 | Chris Hadfield | 12 November 1995 | STS-74 | [178] | |
339 | Daniel Barry | 11 January 1996 | STS-72 | [179] | |
Brent Jett | 11 January 1996 | STS-72 | [179] | ||
Winston Scott | 11 January 1996 | STS-72 | [179] | ||
Koichi Wakata | 11 January 1996 | STS-72 | [179] | ||
343 | Yury Onufriyenko | 21 February 1996 | Soyuz TM-23 | [180] | |
344 | Maurizio Cheli | 22 February 1996 | STS-75 | [181] | |
Umberto Guidoni | 22 February 1996 | STS-75 | [181] | ||
Scott Horowitz | 22 February 1996 | STS-75 | [181] | ||
347 | Andrew Thomas | 19 May 1996 | STS-77 | [182] | |
348 | Charles Brady | 20 June 1996 | STS-78 | [183] | |
Jean-Jacques Favier | 20 June 1996 | STS-78 | [183] | ||
Richard Linnehan | 20 June 1996 | STS-78 | [183] | ||
Robert Thirsk | 20 June 1996 | STS-78 | [183] | ||
352 | Claudie Haigneré | 17 August 1996 | Soyuz TM-24 | [184] | |
Valery Korzun | 17 August 1996 | Soyuz TM-24 | [184] | ||
354 | Reinhold Ewald | 10 February 1997 | Soyuz TM-25 | [185] | |
Aleksandr Lazutkin | 10 February 1997 | Soyuz TM-25 | [185] | ||
356 | Roger Crouch | 4 April 1997 | STS-83 | [186] | |
Gregory Linteris | 4 April 1997 | STS-83 | [186] | ||
Susan Kilrain | 4 April 1997 | STS-83 | [186] | ||
359 | Edward Lu | 15 May 1997 | STS-84 | [187] | |
Carlos Noriega | 15 May 1997 | STS-84 | [187] | ||
361 | Pavel Vinogradov | 5 August 1997 | Soyuz TM-26 | [188] | |
362 | Robert Curbeam | 7 August 1997 | STS-85 | [189] | |
Stephen Robinson | 7 August 1997 | STS-85 | [189] | ||
Bjarni Tryggvason | 7 August 1997 | STS-85 | [189] | ||
365 | Michael Bloomfield | 26 September 1997 | STS-86 | [190] | |
366 | Kalpana Chawla † | 19 November 1997 | STS-87 | [191][nb 7] | |
Takao Doi | 19 November 1997 | STS-87 | [191] | ||
Leonid Kadeniuk | 19 November 1997 | STS-87 | [191] | ||
Steven Lindsey | 19 November 1997 | STS-87 | [191] | ||
370 | Michael Anderson † | 23 January 1998 | STS-89 | [192][nb 7] | |
Joe Edwards | 23 January 1998 | STS-89 | [192] | ||
James Reilly | 23 January 1998 | STS-89 | [192] | ||
Salizhan Sharipov | 23 January 1998 | STS-89 | [192] | ||
374 | Léopold Eyharts | 29 January 1998 | Soyuz TM-27 | [193] | |
375 | Scott Altman | 17 April 1998 | STS-90 | [194] | |
Jay Buckey | 17 April 1998 | STS-90 | [194] | ||
Kathryn Hire | 17 April 1998 | STS-90 | [194] | ||
James Pawelczyk | 17 April 1998 | STS-90 | [194] | ||
Dafydd Williams | 17 April 1998 | STS-90 | [194] | ||
380 | Dominic Gorie | 2 June 1998 | STS-91 | [195] | |
Janet Kavandi | 2 June 1998 | STS-91 | [195] | ||
382 | Yuri Baturin | 13 August 1998 | Soyuz TM-28 | [196] | |
Gennady Padalka | 13 August 1998 | Soyuz TM-28 | [196] | ||
384 | Pedro Duque | 29 October 1998 | STS-95 | [197] | |
385 | Frederick Sturckow | 4 December 1998 | STS-88 | [198] | |
386 | Ivan Bella | 20 February 1999 | Soyuz TM-29 | [199] | |
387 | Rick Husband † | 27 May 1999 | STS-96 | [200][nb 7] | |
Julie Payette | 27 May 1999 | STS-96 | [200] | ||
Valeri Tokarev | 27 May 1999 | STS-96 | [200] | ||
390 | Jeffrey Ashby | 23 July 1999 | STS-93 | [201] | |
391 | Scott Kelly | 20 December 1999 | STS-103 | [202] | |
392 | Gerhard Thiele | 11 February 2000 | STS-99 | [203] | |
393 | Sergei Zalyotin | 4 April 2000 | Soyuz TM-30 | [204] | |
394 | Jeffrey Williams | 19 May 2000 | STS-101 | [205] | |
395 | Daniel Burbank | 8 September 2000 | STS-106 | [206] | |
Richard Mastracchio | 8 September 2000 | STS-106 | [206] | ||
Boris Morukov | 8 September 2000 | STS-106 | [206] | ||
398 | Pamela Melroy | 11 October 2000 | STS-92 | [207] | |
399 | Mark Polansky | 7 February 2001 | STS-98 | [208] | |
400 | James Kelly | 8 March 2001 | STS-102 | [209] | |
Paul Richards | 8 March 2001 | STS-102 | [209] |
402–502
Number | Name | Nationality | Date | Spacecraft | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
402 | Yury Lonchakov | 19 April 2001 | STS-100 | [210][211] | |
John Phillips | 19 April 2001 | STS-100 | [211][212] | ||
404 | Dennis Tito | 28 April 2001 | Soyuz TM-32 | [213] | |
405 | Charles Hobaugh | 12 July 2001 | STS-104 | [214] | |
406 | Patrick Forrester | 10 August 2001 | STS-105 | [215] | |
Mikhail Tyurin | 10 August 2001 | STS-105 | [215] | ||
408 | Konstantin Kozeyev | 21 October 2001 | Soyuz TM-33 | [216] | |
409 | Mark Kelly | 5 December 2001 | STS-108 | [217] | |
Daniel Tani | 5 December 2001 | STS-108 | [217] | ||
411 | Duane Carey | 1 March 2002 | STS-109 | [218] | |
Michael Massimino | 1 March 2002 | STS-109 | [218] | ||
413 | Stephen Frick | 8 April 2002 | STS-110 | [219] | |
Lee Morin | 8 April 2002 | STS-110 | [219] | ||
Rex Walheim | 8 April 2002 | STS-110 | [219] | ||
416 | Mark Shuttleworth | 25 April 2002 | Soyuz TM-34 | [220] | |
Roberto Vittori | 25 April 2002 | Soyuz TM-34 | [220] | ||
418 | Paul Lockhart | 5 June 2002 | STS-111 | [221] | |
Philippe Perrin | 5 June 2002 | STS-111 | [221] | ||
Sergei Treshchov | 5 June 2002 | STS-111 | [221] | ||
Peggy Whitson | 5 June 2002 | STS-111 | [221] | ||
422 | Sandra Magnus | 7 October 2002 | STS-112 | [222] | |
Piers Sellers | 7 October 2002 | STS-112 | [222] | ||
Fyodor Yurchikhin | 7 October 2002 | STS-112 | [222] | ||
425 | Frank De Winne | 30 October 2002 | Soyuz TMA-1 | [223] | |
426 | John Herrington | 24 November 2002 | STS-113 | [224] | |
Donald Pettit | 24 November 2002 | STS-113 | [224] | ||
428 | David Brown ‡ | 16 January 2003 | STS-107 | [225][nb 7] | |
Laurel Clark ‡ | 16 January 2003 | STS-107 | [225][nb 7] | ||
William McCool ‡ | 16 January 2003 | STS-107 | [225][nb 7] | ||
Ilan Ramon ‡ | 16 January 2003 | STS-107 | [225][nb 7] | ||
432 | Yang Liwei | 15 October 2003 | Shenzhou 5 | [226] | |
433 | Edward Fincke | 19 April 2004 | Soyuz TMA-4 | [227] | |
André Kuipers | 19 April 2004 | Soyuz TMA-4 | [227] | ||
435 | Michael Melvill | 21 June 2004 | SpaceShipOne 15P | [228][229][230][nb 2] | |
436 | Brian Binnie | 4 October 2004 | SpaceShipOne 17P | [231][232][233][nb 2] | |
437 | Yuri Shargin | 14 October 2004 | Soyuz TMA-5 | [234] | |
438 | Charles Camarda | 26 July 2005 | STS-114 | [235] | |
Soichi Noguchi | 26 July 2005 | STS-114 | [235] | ||
440 | Gregory Olsen | 1 October 2005 | Soyuz TMA-7 | [236] | |
441 | Fei Junlong | 12 October 2005 | Shenzhou 6 | [237] | |
Nie Haisheng | 12 October 2005 | Shenzhou 6 | [237] | ||
443 | Marcos Pontes | 30 March 2006 | Soyuz TMA-8 | [238] | |
444 | Michael Fossum | 4 July 2006 | STS-121 | [239] | |
Lisa Nowak | 4 July 2006 | STS-121 | [239] | ||
Stephanie Wilson | 4 July 2006 | STS-121 | [239] | ||
447 | Christopher Ferguson | 9 September 2006 | STS-115 | [240] | |
Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper | 9 September 2006 | STS-115 | [240] | ||
449 | Anousheh Ansari | 18 September 2006 | Soyuz TMA-9 | [241][nb 8] | |
450 | Christer Fuglesang | 10 December 2006 | STS-116 | [242] | |
Joan Higginbotham | 10 December 2006 | STS-116 | [242] | ||
William Oefelein | 10 December 2006 | STS-116 | [242] | ||
Nicholas Patrick | 10 December 2006 | STS-116 | [242] | ||
Sunita Williams | 10 December 2006 | STS-116 | [242] | ||
455 | Oleg Kotov | 7 April 2007 | Soyuz TMA-10 | [243] | |
Charles Simonyi | 7 April 2007 | Soyuz TMA-10 | [243] | ||
457 | Clayton Anderson | 8 June 2007 | STS-117 | [244] | |
Lee Archambault | 8 June 2007 | STS-117 | [244] | ||
John Olivas | 8 June 2007 | STS-117 | [244] | ||
Steven Swanson | 8 June 2007 | STS-117 | [244] | ||
461 | Tracy Caldwell Dyson | 8 August 2007 | STS-118 | [245] | |
Benjamin Drew | 8 August 2007 | STS-118 | [245] | ||
Barbara Morgan | 8 August 2007 | STS-118 | [245] | ||
464 | Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor | 10 October 2007 | Soyuz TMA-11 | [246] | |
465 | Paolo Nespoli | 23 October 2007 | STS-120 | [247] | |
Douglas Wheelock | 23 October 2007 | STS-120 | [247] | ||
George Zamka | 23 October 2007 | STS-120 | [247] | ||
468 | Stanley Love | 7 February 2008 | STS-122 | [248] | |
Leland Melvin | 7 February 2008 | STS-122 | [248] | ||
Alan Poindexter | 7 February 2008 | STS-122 | [248] | ||
471 | Robert Behnken | 11 March 2008 | STS-123 | [249] | |
Michael Foreman | 11 March 2008 | STS-123 | [249] | ||
Gregory Johnson | 11 March 2008 | STS-123 | [249] | ||
Garrett Reisman | 11 March 2008 | STS-123 | [249] | ||
475 | Oleg Kononenko | 8 April 2008 | Soyuz TMA-12 | [250] | |
Sergey Volkov | 8 April 2008 | Soyuz TMA-12 | [250] | ||
Yi So-Yeon | 8 April 2008 | Soyuz TMA-12 | [250] | ||
478 | Gregory Chamitoff | 31 May 2008 | STS-124 | [251] | |
Ronald Garan | 31 May 2008 | STS-124 | [251] | ||
Kenneth Ham | 31 May 2008 | STS-124 | [251] | ||
Akihiko Hoshide | 31 May 2008 | STS-124 | [251] | ||
Karen Nyberg | 31 May 2008 | STS-124 | [251] | ||
483 | Jing Haipeng | 25 September 2008 | Shenzhou 7 | [252] | |
Liu Boming | 25 September 2008 | Shenzhou 7 | [252] | ||
Zhai Zhigang | 25 September 2008 | Shenzhou 7 | [252] | ||
486 | Richard Garriott | 12 October 2008 | Soyuz TMA-13 | [253] | |
487 | Eric Boe | 15 November 2008 | STS-126 | [254] | |
Stephen Bowen | 15 November 2008 | STS-126 | [254] | ||
Robert Kimbrough | 15 November 2008 | STS-126 | [254] | ||
490 | Joseph Acaba | 15 March 2009 | STS-119 | [255] | |
Dominic Antonelli | 15 March 2009 | STS-119 | [255] | ||
Richard Arnold | 15 March 2009 | STS-119 | [255] | ||
493 | Michael Barratt | 26 March 2009 | Soyuz TMA-14 | [256] | |
494 | Andrew Feustel | 11 May 2009 | STS-125 | [257] | |
Michael Good | 11 May 2009 | STS-125 | [257] | ||
Gregory Johnson | 11 May 2009 | STS-125 | [257] | ||
Megan McArthur | 11 May 2009 | STS-125 | [257] | ||
498 | Roman Romanenko | 27 May 2009 | Soyuz TMA-15 | [258] | |
499 | Christopher Cassidy | 15 July 2009 | STS-127 | [259] | |
Douglas Hurley | 15 July 2009 | STS-127 | [259] | ||
Timothy Kopra | 15 July 2009 | STS-127 | [259] | ||
Thomas Marshburn | 15 July 2009 | STS-127 | [259] |
503–600
See also
Notes
- 1 2 Fatalities which occurred during training or testing are not included in this list, but can be found in the list of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Sub-orbital spaceflight
- ↑ Vladimir Komarov died during Soyuz 1.
- 1 2 3 Soyuz 11 capsule depressurised in orbit.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 See the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
- ↑ Michael Foale is a dual national of the United States and the United Kingdom, but flew under the United States flag.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 See the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
- ↑ Anousheh Ansari is a dual national of the United States and Iran, but flew under the United States flag.
References
- ↑ Taylor Redd, Nola (24 July 2012). "Yuri Gagarin: First Man in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "First man in space". History.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard in Spacesuit Before Mercury Launch". NASA. 5 May 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ Taylor Redd, Nola (5 May 2014). "Alan Shepard: First American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ White, Mary C. "Detailed Biographies of Apollo I Crew - Gus Grissom". NASA History. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (28 January 2014). "Gus Grissom: 2nd American in Space". Space.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "1961: Russian cosmonaut spends day in space". BBC. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Liftoff of John Glenn's Friendship 7, Feb. 20, 1962". NASA. 30 November 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Glenn Orbits the Earth". NASA. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "May 24, 1962 - Scott Carpenter on the Way to Mercury-Atlas 7 Launch Site". NASA. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Joint flight of Vostok-3 and Vostok-4". Russian Space Web. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Vostok 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Vostok 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Mercury 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Mercury 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Vostok 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Vostok 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Appendix A: X-15 Flight Log". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Voskhod". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Voskhod 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Gemini 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Gemini 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 6A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Gemini 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 9A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gemini 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Apollo 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Apollo 8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Soyuz 5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Apollo 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Soyuz 7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Apollo 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Apollo 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Apollo 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Apollo 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Apollo 16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Apollo 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Skylab 2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Skylab 3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Skylab 4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "ASTP". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz 25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 31". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz T-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-1 History". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz 40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz T-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-41B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz T-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-41C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz T-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-41D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-41G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-51A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-51C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-51D". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-51B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-51G". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-51F". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-51I". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz T-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-51J". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-61A". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-61B". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-61C". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Michael J. Smith (Captain, USN)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Gregory B. Jarvis (Mr.)". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "S. Christa Corrigan McAuliffe". NASA. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-2". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-3". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-36". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-41". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-38". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-35". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-37". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-39". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-40". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-43". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-48". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-44". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-42". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-50". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-46". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-47". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-52". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-53". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-54". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-56". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-55". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-57". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-51". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-58". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-60". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-59". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-65". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-64". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-68". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-66". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-63". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-67". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-71". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-70". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-69". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-73". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-74". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-72". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-23". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-75". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-77". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-78". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-24". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-25". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-83". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-84". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-26". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-85". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-86". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-87". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-89". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-27". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-90". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-91". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-28". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-95". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-88". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-29". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-96". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-93". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-103". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-99". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-30". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-101". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-106". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-92". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-98". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-102". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Lonchakov, Yuri Valentinovich". Astronautix. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-100". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-100 Mission Status Report #02". Astronautix. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-32". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-104". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-105". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TM-33". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-108". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-109". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-110". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TM-34". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-111". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-112". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-1". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-113". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-113". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Shenzhou V". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-4". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ Pearlman, Robert Z. (14 January 2009). "Latest Mock SpaceShipOne Soars Above Sponsor's Museum". Space.com. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "SpaceShipOne - Flight No. 60L / 15P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "SpaceShipOne Flight Logs". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑
- ↑ "Brian Binnie". World Spaceflight. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "SpaceShipOne Flight No. 66L / 17P". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-114". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Shenzhou VI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-8". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-121". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "STS-115". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-9". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-116". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-10". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-117". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-118". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-11". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-120". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-122". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-123". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Soyuz TMA-12". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "STS-124". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "Shenzhou VII". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-13". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-126". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-119". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-14". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-125". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-15". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "STS-127". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-128". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-16". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-129". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-17". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "STS-130". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-18". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 3 "STS-131". Spacefacts. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-19". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-01M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-20". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-21". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-02M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-22". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-04M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Shenzhou IX". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-06M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-08M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-09M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Shenzhou X". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-10M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-12M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-13M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-14M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-15M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-17M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz TMA-18M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-19M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ Davis, Jason (15 December 2015). "New Crew Arrives at ISS following Docking Drama". Planetary Society. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz TMA-20M". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz MS". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Shenzhou XI". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz MS-02". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz MS-03". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz MS-04". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ↑ "Soyuz MS-06". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz MS-07". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 Gebhardt, Chris (17 December 2017). "Soyuz MS-07 launches on final human mission of 2017". NASA Spaceflight. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- 1 2 "Soyuz MS-09". Spacefacts. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- 1 2 Clark, Stephen (6 June 2018). "Live coverage: Soyuz crew launches from Baikonur Cosmodrome". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
This article is issued from
Wikipedia.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.