STS-49

STS-49

Mission Specialists Richard Hieb, Thomas Akers and Pierre Thuot capture the Intelsat 603 satellite during STS-49
Mission type	Satellite repair
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	1992-026A
SATCAT no.	21963
Mission duration	8 days, 21 hours, 17 minutes, 38 seconds
Distance travelled	5,948,166 kilometers (3,696,019 mi)
Orbits completed	141
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Space Shuttle Endeavour
Landing mass	91,214 kilograms (201,092 lb)
Payload mass	14,618 kilograms (32,227 lb)
Crew
Crew size	7
Members	Daniel C. Brandenstein Kevin P. Chilton Richard J. Hieb Bruce E. Melnick Pierre J. Thuot Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas D. Akers
Start of mission
Launch date	7 May 1992, 23:40:00 (1992-05-07UTC23:40Z) UTC
Launch site	Kennedy LC-39B
End of mission
Landing date	16 May 1992, 22:57:38 (1992-05-16UTC22:57:39Z) UTC
Landing site	Edwards Runway 22
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	268 kilometres (167 mi)
Apogee	341 kilometres (212 mi)
Inclination	28.35 degrees
Period	90.6 min
Left to right: Thornton, Melnick, Thuot, Brandenstein, Chilton, Akers, Hieb Space Shuttle program

STS-49 was the maiden flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The primary goal of its nine-day mission was to retrieve an Intelsat VI satellite (Intelsat 603, which failed to leave low earth orbit two years before), attach it to a new upper stage, and relaunch it to its intended geosynchronous orbit. After several attempts, the capture was completed with a three-person extra-vehicular activity (EVA). This was the first time that three people from the same spacecraft walked in space at the same time, and as of 2014 it was the only such EVA.^[1] It would also stand until STS-102 in 2001 as the longest EVA ever undertaken.

Crew

Crew seating arrangements

Seat[2]	Launch	Landing	Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck.
S1	Brandenstein	Brandenstein
S2	Chilton	Chilton
S3	Hieb	Thuot
S4	Melnick	Melnick
S5	Thuot	Hieb
S6	Thornton	Thornton
S7	Akers	Akers

Mission highlights

The Intelsat 603 satellite, stranded in an unusable orbit since launch aboard a Commercial Titan III rocket in March 1990, was captured by crewmembers during an EVA (extra-vehicular activity) and equipped with a new perigee kick motor. The satellite was subsequently released into orbit and the new motor fired to put the spacecraft into a geosynchronous orbit for operational use.

The capture required three EVAs: a planned one by astronaut Thuot and Hieb who were unable to attach a capture bar to the satellite from a position on the RMS; a second unscheduled but identical attempt the following day; and finally an unscheduled but successful hand capture by Thuot, Hieb and Akers as commander Brandenstein delicately maneuvered the orbiter to within a few feet of the 4215 kg communications satellite. An Assembly of Station by EVA Methods (ASEM) structure was erected in the cargo bay by the crew to serve as a platform to aid in the hand capture and subsequent attachment of the capture bar.

A planned EVA also was performed by astronauts Thornton and Akers as part of the ASEM experiment to demonstrate and verify maintenance and assembly capabilities for Space Station Freedom. The ASEM space walk, originally scheduled for two successive days, was cut to one day because of the lengthy Intelsat retrieval operation.

Other "payloads of opportunity" experiments conducted included: Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG), Ultraviolet Plume Imager (UVPI) and the Air Force Maui Optical Station (AMOS) investigation. The mission was extended by two days in order to complete all the mission objectives.

The following records were set during the STS-49 mission:^[3]

• First flight of the shuttle Endeavour
• First EVA involving three astronauts.
• Second and fourth longest EVAs to date: 8 hours and 29 minutes and 7 hours and 45 minutes. (Longest EVA to date was during STS-102 in 2001: 8 hours 56 minutes; third longest EVA was during STS-61 in 1993: 7 hour 54 minutes)
• First Shuttle mission to feature four EVAs.
• The second longest EVA time for a single Shuttle mission: 25 hours and 27 minutes, or 59:23 person hours. (The longest is STS-61 with 35 hours and 28 minutes)
• First Shuttle mission requiring three rendezvous with an orbiting spacecraft.
• First use of a drag chute during a Shuttle landing.

Wake-up Calls

NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during the Gemini program, and first used music to wake up a flight crew during Apollo 15. A special musical track is chosen for each day in space, often by the astronauts' families, to have a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or in reference to the day's planned activities.

Gallery

• 
  Thuot during one of the capture attempts
• 
  Re-deployment of Intelsat 603
• 
  ASEM is manipulated by the RMS; Thornton and Akers during EVA 4

See also

• List of human spaceflights
• List of Space Shuttle missions
• Nikon NASA F4
• Outline of space science
• Space Shuttle

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to STS-49.

• NASA mission summary
• STS-49 Video Highlights