List of PSLV launches
This is a list of launches made by ISRO using Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rockets.
Notable missions
PSLV flight D1
This was the first developmental flight of the PSLV-D1.[1] The IRS-1E satellite which was proposed to be launched was derived from the engineering model of IRS-1A incorporating a similar camera and an additional German-built monocular electro-optical stereo scanner. Even though the mission was a failure, the launch team and an expert committee appointed thereafter noted that the mission had validated many technologies and that most sub-systems had performed optimally.[2][3]
PSLV flight C2
In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by KITSAT-3 and DLR-Tubsat in that order.[4] The mission was supported by ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network of ground stations located at Bangalore, Sriharikota, Lucknow, Mauritius, Bearslake, Russia and Biak, Indonesia. During the initial phase of the mission the ground station at Wilhem in Germany also provided network support. Upon injection of the satellites, data from the IRS-P4 was received at Hyderabad while KITSAT-3 data was received at the ground station in South Korea and the data from the DLR-Tubsat was received at the university ground station in Berlin.[5][6]
PSLV flight C6
The former President, Dr. Abdul Kalam, witnessed the launch from the Mission Control Centre.[7] It was the first PSLV launch from second pad, using integrate-transfer-and-launch technology. After its integration in the Vehicle Assembly Building, the PSLV-C6 was transported on rails to the Umbilical Tower (UT) located one km away using the Mobile Launch Pedestal where the final operations were carried out.[7]
PSLV flight C7
The following hardware changes[8][9] were made since PSLV-C6:
- first use of DLA (Dual Launch Adapter) to launch 2 primary satellites in time
- reduction of propellant from 2.5 tonne to 2 tonne in the fourth liquid propellant stage
- incorporation of a video imaging system to capture payload and DLA separation events
- altitude based day of launch wind-biased steering programme during Open Loop Guidance
- removal of Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control (SITVC) system for one of the strapons ignited in the air.
PSLV flight C9
The fourth stage first fired Cartosat-2A into orbit at an altitude of 637 km about 885 seconds after lift-off. About 45 seconds later, it propelled IMS-1 into the orbit. Then the six nano satellites belonging to a cluster called Nanosatellite Launch System-4 (NLS-4) were injected into orbit at intervals of 20 seconds each. NLS-5, a single satellite, flew out and finally the tenth satellite Rubin-8 went along with the fourth stage into orbit. Two satellites belonged to India and the remaining were nanosatellites built by universities in different countries.[10] This was the maximum number of satellites placed in orbit, in a single PSLV launch.[11][12][13]
PSLV flight C21
Launch attended by the former Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh.[14] mRESINS (mini Redundant Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) bolted to the vehicle's fourth stage, have tested avionics for future PSLV missions.[15] With this launch Indian Space Research Organisation marked its 100 space missions, with 62 satellites, 37 launch vehicles and 1 Space Capsule Recovery Experiment.
PSLV flight C22
Earlier launch date for PSLV C22 was fixed as 12 June 2013 (1.01AM) but the launch had been postponed because of a technical snag in the 2nd stage.[16]
ISRO then replaced a faulty component in the PSLV C22 rocket and rescheduled the flight of the IRNSS-1A satellite on it for 11:41 p.m. on 1 July 2013.[17] PSLV C22, successfully launched IRNSS-1A, the first satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).
At the completion of the countdown, PSLV C22 lifted off from the First Launch Pad at 23:41 hrs (IST) on 1 July 2013 with the ignition of the first stage and four strap-on motors of the launch vehicle.[18]
PSLV flight C25
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan is a Mars orbiter that was successfully injected into Earth orbit on 5 November 2013 at 2:38 PM IST (9:08 UTC) atop a PSLV-XL launch vehicle from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SHAR).
PSLV flight C29
PSLV C29 lifted off from the First Launch Pad (FLP) of SDSC SHAR at 18:00 hrs [IST] on 16 December 2015. It successfully deployed six satellites it carried with gross weight of 624 kg. After fourth stage engines were cut off primary payload TeLEOS-1 was injected in orbit at about 18 min 12 seconds after lift-off. This was followed by the deployment of other five satellites, namely Kent Ridge-1, VELOX-C1, VELOX-II, Galassia and Athenoxat-1 in quick succession in the subsequent three minutes.[19] 67 minutes into flight fourth stage re-ignition capability was demonstrated successfully by firing its engines for duration of nearly five seconds. This capability would enable multiple satellite deployment in varying orbits on same flight.[20]
PSLV flight C34
PSLV-C34 was launched on 22 June 2016 and successfully deployed 20 satellites in sun-synchronous orbit. A Dual Launch Adapter with new design[21] compared to its previous version[22] was used to integrate all ride-sharing payloads with PS4. After completion of mission a pair of PS4 re-ignition tests were performed to reaffirm multi-orbit deployment capability of PS4.[23] A new inertial navigation system 'Mk IV A' employing next generation accelerometer was introduced on this mission.[24][25]
PSLV flight C36
Remote umbilical fill and drain system was used on fourth stage for the first time reducing the countdown time by one day. Experimental avionics packages were flown bolted to fourth stage including 'miniaturized advanced inertial navigation system' miniAINS, NavIC based positioning system, Vikram processor and new lithium-ion based power system. A video imaging system was also on-board, consisting of five cameras which captured and live streamed various staging events.[26][27]
PSLV flight C37
PSLV C37 was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SHAR) carrying a payload of 104 satellites from 6 countries around the world (Israel, Kazakhstan, The Netherlands, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates and the United States). Of the 104 satellites, 96 were CubeSats made by Planet Labs and Spire Global, two San Francisco companies adding to their commercial satellite constellations.[28]
The launch set the record for the largest number of spacecraft ever launched on a single rocket. The previous record was held by Russia, which in 2014 catapulted 37 satellites in a single launch, using a modified inter-continental ballistic missile.[29][30]
Launch failures
IRS-1E
On 20 September 1993 a PSLV D1, the first developmental flight rocket, failed during launch. A significant attitude disturbance occurred during second to third-stage separation, causing the attitude control command to exceed its maximum value. Because of the programming error in the pitch control loop of the digital autopilot software in the guidance and control processor, the required reversal of command polarity did not take place, causing the pitch loop to become unstable, resulted in loss of attitude control and failure to achieve orbit. The attitude control disturbance was traced to failure of one of the retro rockets designed to pull the burnt second stage away from the third stage. The vehicle crashed into the Bay of Bengal 700 seconds after take off.[3]
IRS-1D
On 29 September 1997 a PSLV C1 rocket failed during launch. Anomalous interaction between the primary and secondary pressure regulators of the fourth stage caused a reduction in propellant flow and thrust after 250 seconds of burn time. As a result, the fourth stage was shut down by a software override timer after burning 435 seconds, before reaching the target orbit or depleting propellant. The injection velocity was 140 m/s low, resulting in an orbit of 301 x 823 km instead of the planned 817 km circular SSO.[31] Initially, a leak of helium gas from one of the components in the fourth stage was suspected,[32][33] similar to recent Long March 3 launch failure, but later ruled out. Resulting orbit was partially corrected using satellite's on-board thrusters, thereby raising the perigee to 737 km, while the apogee remained at 821 km.[3]
IRNSS-1H
PSLV-C39 carrying IRNSS-1H was launched on 31 August 2017 at 1330 UTC from Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR). After about 203 seconds of flight payload fairing failed to be jettisoned as planned. Despite completing rest of the flight with all other systems working as expected, with about 1000 kg of extra weight[34] orbit achieved was 6554.8 x 167.4 km at 19.18° inclination well below the intended 284 x 20650 km at 19.2° inclination.[35] After fourth stage engine cut off IRNSS-1H separation occurred, leaving it adrift inside the closed payload fairing. This was second event of total failure in PSLV launch history.
Launch statistics
Launch sites
Launch outcomes
- Failure
- Partial failure
- Success
- Scheduled
Launch history
As of 11 April 2018 the PSLV has made 44 launches, with 41 successfully reaching their planned orbits, two outright failures and one partial failure, yielding a success rate of 93% (or 95% including the partial failure).[36] All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 20 September 1993 05:12 |
PSLV-G | First | 846 kg | Failure | |||
Maiden flight; Attitude control failure at second stage separation.[1] | ||||||||
D2 | 15 October 1994 05:05 |
PSLV-G | First | 804 kg | Success | |||
[37] | ||||||||
D3 | 21 March 1996 04:53 |
PSLV-G | First | 920 kg | Success | |||
[38] | ||||||||
C1 | PSLV-G | 29 September 1997 04:47 |
First | 1250 kg | Partial failure | |||
First operational flight; Fourth stage under-performed resulting in lower than planned orbit. Satellite used own propulsion to move to correct orbit.[39] | ||||||||
C2 | 26 May 1999 06:22 |
PSLV-G | First | 1050 kg 45 kg 107 kg |
Success | |||
First launch to have foreign satellites, and first to carry multiple satellites.[4][5] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C3 | 22 October 2001 04:53 |
PSLV-G | First | 1108 kg 94 kg 92 kg |
Success | |||
First multi-orbit mission. TES and BIRD were injected into a nominal 568 km circular sun synchronous polar orbit, PROBA was injected into a 568 X 638 km elliptic orbit. Orbit was raised using RCS thrusters on fourth stage.[40][41] | ||||||||
C4 | 12 September 2002 10:23 |
PSLV-G | First | 1060 kg | Success | |||
India's first launch to GTO. GTO payload capability has reached 1200 kg from 2002 onward, compared to 1050 kg previously. First use of lightweight carbon composite payload adapter.[42][43][44] | ||||||||
C5 | 17 October 2003 04:52 |
PSLV-G | First | 1360 kg | Success | |||
Payload capability had been progressively increased by more than 600 kg since the first PSLV launch. Launch took place despite heavy rain.[45][46] | ||||||||
C6 | 5 May 2005 04:45 |
PSLV-G | Second | 1560 kg 42.5 kg |
Success | |||
First PSLV launch from the second launch pad.[47] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C7 | 10 January 2007 03:54 |
PSLV-G | First | 680 kg 500 kg 56 kg 6 kg |
Success | |||
First flight of hardware upgrade, first launch of reentry capsule (SRE).[48] | ||||||||
C8 | 23 April 2007 10:00 |
PSLV-CA | Second | 352 kg 185 kg |
Success | |||
First flight of the 'Core-Alone' configuration. ISRO's first commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload).[49][50] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C10 | 21 January 2008 03:45 |
PSLV-CA | First | 295 kg | Success | |||
ISRO's second commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload).[51][52] | ||||||||
C9 | 28 April 2008 03:53 |
PSLV-CA | Second | 690 kg 83 kg 8 kg 6.5 kg 3.5 kg 3 kg 2.2 kg 1 kg 1 kg 0.75 kg |
Success | |||
[53][54] | ||||||||
C11 | 22 October 2008 00:52 |
PSLV-XL | Second | 1380 kg | Success | |||
First flight of the PSLV-XL configuration, first Indian Lunar probe.[55][56] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C12 | 20 April 2009 01:15 |
PSLV-CA | Second | 300 kg 40 kg |
Success | |||
India's first radar imaging satellite, RISAT.[57][58] | ||||||||
C14 | 23 September 2009 06:21 |
PSLV-CA | First | 960 kg 8 kg 8 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg |
Success | |||
Rubin 9.1 and 9.2 intentionally remained attached to the fourth stage. SwissCube-1 was the first Swiss satellite, and ITUpSAT1 was the first satellite to be constructed in Turkey.[59][60][61][62][63][64] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C15 | 12 July 2010 03:52 |
PSLV-CA | First | 694 kg 117 kg 6.5 kg 1 kg 0.95 kg |
Success | |||
AISSat-1 and TIsat are part of NLS-6.[65][66][67][68][69][70][71] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C16 | 20 April 2011 04:42 |
PSLV-G | First | 1206 kg 106 kg 92 kg |
Success | |||
[72] | ||||||||
C17 | 15 July 2011 11:18 |
PSLV-XL | Second | 1410 kg | Success | |||
First use of Vikram flight computer.[73][74] | ||||||||
C18 | 12 October 2011 05:31 |
PSLV-CA | First | 1000 kg 10.9 kg 3 kg 28.7 kg |
Success | |||
[75][76] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C19 | 26 April 2012 00:17 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1850 kg | Success | |||
[77] | ||||||||
C21 | 9 September 2012 04:23 |
PSLV-CA | First | 720 kg 50 kg 15 kg |
Success | |||
mRESINS tested avionics for future PSLV launches. ISRO's third commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload). ISRO's 100th mission.[78][79] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C20 | 25 February 2013 12:31 |
PSLV-CA | First | 409 kg 148 kg 74 kg 14 kg 14 kg 6.5 kg 0.8 kg |
Success | |||
TUGSAT-1 and UniBRITE were the first Austrian satellites.[80][81][82] | ||||||||
C22 | 1 July 2013 18:11 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1425 kg | Success | |||
India's first regional navigation satellite.[18] | ||||||||
C25 | 5 November 2013 09:08 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1350 kg | Success | |||
India's first Mars mission.[83][84] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C24 | 4 April 2014 11:44 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1432 kg | Success | |||
India's second regional navigation satellite.[85][86] | ||||||||
C23 | 30 June 2014 04:22 |
PSLV-CA | First | 714 kg 15 kg 15 kg 14 kg 7 kg |
Success | |||
ISRO's fourth commercial launch (foreign satellite as the main payload).[87] | ||||||||
C26 | 16 October 2014 20:02 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1425.4 kg | Success | |||
Seventh PSLV-XL and third Navigation Satellite launch.[88][89] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C27 | 28 March 2015 11:49 |
PSLV-XL | Second | 1425 kg | Success | |||
Eighth PSLV-XL and fourth Navigation Satellite launch.[90] | ||||||||
C28 | 10 July 2015 16:28 |
PSLV-XL | First | 447 kg 447 kg 447 kg 91 kg 7 kg |
Success | |||
At the time it was the heaviest commercial mission (1439 kg) successfully accomplished using a launch vehicle assembled by ISRO.[91][92] | ||||||||
C30 | 28 September 2015 04:30 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1650 kg 68 kg 5.5 kg 4 kg 4 kg 4 kg 4 kg |
Success | |||
Launch of India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory and ISRO's first launch of US satellites.[93] | ||||||||
C29 | 16 December 2015 12:30 |
PSLV-CA | First | 400 kg 123 kg 13 kg 78 kg 3.4 kg - |
Success | |||
Commercial launch of 6 Singaporean satellites. Fourth stage re-ignition demonstrated successfully after payload deployment.[95][96][20] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C31 | 20 January 2016 04:01 |
PSLV-XL | Second | 1425 kg | Success | |||
IRNSS-1E, fifth navigation satellite of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment launched. It carries two types of payloads – navigation payload and ranging payload. This is the eleventh time ‘XL’ configuration is being flown.[97][98][99] | ||||||||
C32 | 10 March 2016 10:31 |
PSLV-XL | Second | 1425 kg | Success | |||
IRNSS-1F, sixth navigation satellite of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment launched. It carries two types of payloads – navigation payload and ranging payload. This is the twelfth time ‘XL’ configuration is being flown. IRNSS-1F carries Corner Cube Retroreflectors for laser ranging.[100] Launch initially scheduled for 10:30 was delayed by one minute to avoid space debris.[101] | ||||||||
C33 | 28 April 2016 07:20 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1425 kg | Success | |||
IRNSS-1G, last navigation satellite of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment launched. India's own navigational system, the set-up for which was completed will be called NAVIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation)[102][103][104][105][106] | ||||||||
C34 | 22 June 2016 03:55 |
PSLV-XL | Second | 727.5 kg 120 kg 130 kg 110 kg 25.5 kg 85 kg 1 kg 1.5 kg 12 × 4.7 kg |
Success | |||
ISRO's Cartosat-2C and 19 other satellites launched.[107][108][109][110][111][112] | ||||||||
C35 | 26 September 2016 03:42 |
PSLV-G | First | 371 kg 117 kg 103 kg 44 kg 10 kg 8 kg 7 kg 5.25 kg |
Success | |||
ISRO's longest PSLV satellite launch mission. First mission of PSLV in which it launched its payloads into two different orbits.[114][115][116][117][118][119] | ||||||||
C36 | 7 December 2016 04:55 |
PSLV-XL | First | 1235 kg | Success | |||
[120][121][122][123][124][125] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C37 | 15 February 2017 03:58 |
PSLV-XL | First | 730 kg 8.4 kg 9.7 kg 1.1 kg 1.7 kg 3 kg 4.3 kg 4.2 kg 4.7 kg x 88 Nos. 4.6 kg x 8 Nos. |
Success | |||
PSLV-C37 successfully carried and deployed a record 104 satellites in the sun-synchronous orbit.[126][127][128][129][130][131] | ||||||||
C38 | 23 June 2017 03:59[132][133] |
PSLV-XL | First | 727 kg 15 kg 60 kg 4 kg x 8 Nos. 18 kg 15 kg 7.5 kg 4.5 kg 4 kg 4 kg 4 kg 3 kg 4 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg ? ? |
Success | |||
Post mission PSLV fourth stage (PS4) was lowered to 350 km altitude and carried Ionization Density and Electric field Analyzer (IDEA) payload by Space Physics Laboratory to measure electron density and electric field measurements in the F region of the ionosphere[140][141][142][143][144][145] | ||||||||
C39 | 31 August 2017 13:30[146][147][148] |
PSLV-XL | Second | 1425 kg | Failure | |||
Payload fairing (heat shield) failed to separate, causing the satellite to remain inside the fairing with the payload dispenser detaching the satellite internally. Second PSLV failure in 24 years, the first one being PSLV-D1.[149][150][151][152] | ||||||||
Flight № | Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Payload mass | Orbit | User | Launch outcome |
C40 | 12 Jan 2018 03:59 |
PSLV-XL | First | 710 kg ~120 kg 11 kg 168 kg 100 kg ?? kg 10 kg 10 kg 10 kg 4x ?? kg 4x ?? kg 3.5 kg 3.8 kg 4 kg 4 kg 3.2 kg 1 kg 3.8 kg 1.5 kg 4x ?? kg ?? kg ?? kg |
Success | |||
[158][159][160][161][162][163][164] | ||||||||
C41 | 11 April 2018 22:34 |
PSLV-XL | First | ~1425 kg | sub GTO | Success | ||
[165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172] | ||||||||
C42 | 16 September 2018 16:38 |
PSLV-CA | First | 889kg | Low Earth | SSTL | Success | |
[173][174][175][176][177][178][179] | ||||||||
Future launches
Date / time (UTC) | Rocket, Configuration |
Launch site | Payload | Orbit | User |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
October 2018[180] | PSLV | First | + 30 commercial small satellites |
Low Earth | ISRO |
Flight C43 | |||||
December 2018[182] | PSLV | First | Low Earth | ISRO | |
Flight C44 | |||||
January 2019[182] | PSLV | First | Low Earth | ISRO | |
Flight C45 | |||||
February 2019[175] | PSLV | First | Low Earth | ISRO | |
Flight C46 | |||||
March 2019[175] | PSLV | First | Low Earth | ISRO | |
Flight C47 | |||||
References
- 1 2 IRS-1E
- ↑ "Space Yuga". Archived from the original on 7 February 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Space Craft Encyclopedia".
- 1 2 PSLV-C2
- 1 2 "Current Science".
- ↑ "The Indian Express".
- 1 2 "Spaceref Asia: India's PSLV-C6 Successfully Launches Two Satellites". Archived from the original on 2013-02-02.
- ↑ "ISRO: PSLV C7".
- ↑ "The Hindu: PSLV-C7 launch a success". Chennai, India. 11 January 2007.
- ↑ "PSLV puts 10 satellites in orbit". The Hindu. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
- ↑ "PSLV-C9". ISRO official website. Indian Space Research Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ↑ Bagla, Pallava (30 April 2008). "India's growing strides in space". British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ↑ Atkinson, Nancy (28 April 2008). "10 Satellites Launched in Record Setting Mission for India (Video)". Universe Today. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ↑ "Isro's 100th mission: PSLV-C21 puts 2 foreign satellites in orbit". Time of India. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
- ↑ Indian PSLV successfully launches SPOT-6 for France NASA Spaceflight.com retrieved 12 Sep 2012
- ↑ "Technical snag puts off satellite launch". Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ↑ "It is the Indian equivalent of the GPS satellite". Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- 1 2 "PSLV-C22 Successfully Launches IRNSS-1A, India's First Navigation Satellite" (Press release). ISRO. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
- ↑ "PSLV Successfully Launches Six Satellites from Singapore".
- 1 2 "ISRO Successfully Tests Multiple Burn Fuel Engine During Launch of Six Singaporean Satellites".
- ↑ "PSLV-C34 / Cartosat 2 Series Mission Integration Video".
- ↑ "PSLV C20/SARAL Gallery".
- ↑ "PSLV Upper Stage Engines (PS4) successfully restarted in space".
- ↑ "The Launch of PSLV-C34/Cartosat- 2 Series Satellite Mission".
- ↑ "IISU new director MV Dhekane to hold review meet for Navigation system updation".
- ↑ "ISRO end year on high note, Resourcesat-2A put into orbit".
- ↑ "Isro for 100 per cent indigenous rocket technology soon, says chief".
- ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Indian rocket set to place 104 satellites in orbit – Spaceflight Now". Retrieved 2017-02-15.
- ↑ "Dnepr Launch Updates - 2014 Cluster Launch". Spaceflight101. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
- ↑ "India's PSLV Rocket races into Orbit with 104 Satellites – a new World Record – PSLV C37". spaceflight101.com. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
- ↑ International reference guide to space launch systems, Fourth Edition, p. 334, ISBN 1-56347-591-X
- ↑ "Front Line".
- ↑ Kyle, Ed. "India (SLV/ASLV/PSLV/GSLV) Flight History by Variant/Year (1979-2010)". Space Launch Report.
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- ↑ "PSLV-C39/IRNSS-1H Brochure". ISRO.gov.in. Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ↑ "PSLV- The Travel Beyond the Blue! #ISRO #VikatanInfographic". www.vikatan.com (in Tamil). Retrieved 2017-02-20.
- ↑ IRS-P2
- ↑ IRS-P3
- ↑ IRS-1D
- ↑ Ramakrishnan, S.; Somanath, S.; Balakrishnan, S. S. (2002-01-01). "Multi-Orbit Mission by PSLV-C3 and Future Launch Opportunities". Bibcode:2002iaf..confE.936R.
- ↑ PSLV-C3
- ↑ PSLV-C4
- ↑ International reference guide to space launch systems, Fourth Edition, p. 330, ISBN 1-56347-591-X
- ↑ "PSLV-C4/METSAT Mission". ISRO.gov.in. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
- ↑ PSLV-C5
- ↑ "Frontline: A remote-sensing success". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
- ↑ PSLV-C6
- ↑ PSLV-C7
- ↑ "PSLV-C8 blasts off with Italian payload". Rediff.com.
- ↑ First commercial launch of PSLV-C8 successful-India-The Times of India
- ↑ PSLV-C10 Archived 26 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "NDTV - ISRO Launches Israeli Satellite".
- ↑ "Delfi Space". www.delfic3.nl.
- ↑ PSLV Rocket Launches 10 Satellites
- ↑ PSLV C11
- ↑ T.S. Subramanian (23 October 2008). "Chandrayaan-1 bound for Moon". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
- ↑ PSLV C12
- ↑ "India launches spy satellite RISAT-2". IBNLive.
- ↑ ":: Bharat-Rakshak.com - Indian Military News Headlines ::". Archived from the original on 8 June 2011.
- ↑ ISRO - CUBESATS
- ↑ "News Archives: The Hindu". The Hindu.
- ↑ "Oceansat 2, 6 nanosats launched in 20 mins by ISRO". The Indian Express.
- ↑ "Satnews Publishers: Daily Satellite News".
- ↑ "First Turkish-Made Satellite Launched From India".
- ↑ Nanosatellite Launch Service 6. "UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory". Archived from the original on 6 February 2016.
- ↑ More info Archived 3 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ PSLV CA-C15 Countdown
- ↑ eZ Systems. "Home - Norwegian Space Centre".
- ↑ "NSSDC Master Catalog (Entry-ID: 2010-035E)". NASA. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
- ↑ "SUPSI Space Lab".
- ↑ "ISRO to launch five satellites on July 12". IANS. Sify. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-03.
- ↑ T.S., Subramanian (19 April 2011). "PSLV-C16 launch today". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ↑ "PSLV-C17".
- ↑ T.S. Subramanian. "ISRO-developed computer helped PSLV-C17 put satellite in orbit". The Hindu.
- ↑ Megha-Tropiques / PSLV-C18 scheduled for take off on 12 October 2011 at 11:00:00 IST
- ↑ "VesselSat 1, 2, 3". Gunter's Space. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
- ↑ M. Dinesh Varma. "PSLV-C19 puts RISAT-1 in orbit". The Hindu.
- ↑ "Isro prepares for historic 100th mission". The Times Of India. 22 August 2012.
- ↑ "100 missions of ISRO" (PDF). Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ↑ "Indian rocket launches asteroid hunter, 6 other satellites". NBC. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
- ↑ "India to launch seven satellites on February 25". DNA India. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ↑ Smartphone nanosatellite Space researchers at the University of Surrey's Surrey Space Centre (SSC) and SSTL have developed STRaND-1 "SSTL.co.uk" retrieved 14 Feb 2012
- ↑ "The Indian Herald".
- ↑ "India to launch Mars mission on Nov 5". Hindustan Times. 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ↑ "PSLV". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
- ↑ "Navigational satellite IRNSS 1-B launch set for March 31". The Indian Express. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ↑ "PSLV C23 to lift-off on June 30 with five foreign satellites". Retrieved 26 June 2014.
- ↑ "Indian PSLV lofts IRNSS-1C satellite". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ↑ "PSLV-C26/IRNSS-1C" (PDF). Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ↑ "India's Fourth Navigational Satellite IRNSS-1D Launched From Sriharikota". Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ↑ Manish Raj (10 July 2015). "Isro successfully launches PSLV-C28 carrying 5 UK satellites". Times of India. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
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- ↑ "ASTROSAT, India's first astronomical mission, set for September 28 launch". PTI. Economic Times. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ↑ http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c29brochure.pdf
- ↑ Patil, Vijaykumar (14 Nov 2015). "ISRO to launch five satellites in December".
- ↑ "SaRC fact sheet" (PDF).
- ↑ "SHAR set to launch 2 satellites in March 2016".
- ↑ "ISRO's RLV-TD Project Likely to be Delayed". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
- ↑ "PSLV-C31/IRNSS-1E - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
- ↑ "PSLV-C32/IRNSS-1F - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in.
- ↑ "PSLV C32/ IRNSS 1F UPDATE: The launch time is revised to 16:01 hr (IST) for collision avoidance as per the space debris studies. Countdown status normal. - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
- ↑ "ఈ ఏడాది ఆరు ప్రయోగాలు - Prajasakti::Telugu Daily". www.prajasakti.com.
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- ↑ "నేడు పిఎస్ఎల్వి-సి32 కౌంట్డౌన్ | Prajasakti::Telugu Daily". www.prajasakti.com. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
- ↑ "IRNSS full fleet could be a month late". The Hindu. 2016-03-17. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
- ↑ "PSLV-C33/IRNSS-1G - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
- ↑ http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/brochure-pslv_c34.pdf
- ↑ "ఈ ఏడాది మరో ఏడు ప్రయోగాలు -". www.andhrajyothy.com.
- ↑ "ISRO to launch record 22 satellites in single mission in June".
- ↑ "Satmaxvalier".
- ↑ "PSLV-C34". Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ↑ "Mission Readiness Review (MRR) committee and Launch Authorisation Board (LAB) have cleared the 48 hr countdown starting at 09:26hr IST on Monday, June 20, 2016 and the launch of PSLV-C34/Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Mission for Wednesday, June 22, 2016 at 09:26hr IST".
- ↑ "CanX-7 (Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment-7)".
- ↑ "రెండు ప్రయోగాలకు సిద్ధమవుతోన్న ఇస్రో".
- ↑ "సెప్టెంబర్లో షార్ నుండి రెండు ప్రయోగాలు".
- ↑ "ISRO to launch 5 satellites in Septemeber [sic]".
- ↑ "SCATSAT 1". space.skyrocket.de.
- ↑ "IIT-B's feat: Mumbai's first satellite to lift off on September 26".
- ↑ "PSLV-C35 Successfully Launches Eight Satellites into Two Different Orbits in a Single Flight".
- ↑ "Noorul Islam University bets big on NIUSAT".
- ↑ "Resourcesat-2A launch on November 28".
- ↑ "డిసెంబర్ 7న పీఎస్ఎల్వీ ప్రయోగం". Archived from the original on 30 January 2017.
- ↑ "డిసెంబర్ 7న మరో ఉపగ్రహ ప్రయోగం".
- ↑ "PSLV C36/ Resourcesat-2A".
- ↑ "PSLV C36 / Resourcesat-2A Brochure".
- ↑ "ISRO to launch record 103 satellites in one go in February".
- ↑ "ISRO centres set for the record launch of 104 satellites at one go by February 15".
- ↑ "పీఎస్ఎల్వీ సీ–37 ప్రయోగ సమయం మార్పు".
- ↑ "పీఎస్ఎల్వీ సి-37 ప్రయోగ సమయం మార్పు".
- ↑ "ISRO to launch record 83 satellites in one go in January". Indian Express. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
- ↑ "Nayif-1 nanosatellite to launch this month".
- ↑ "ISRO sets focus on PSLV-C38 launch by June 28". Times of India.
- ↑ "ISRO to launch 'Cartosat 2E' on board PSLV-C38 on June 23". 15 June 2017.
- ↑ Rajwi, Tiki (January 5, 2017). "ISRO set to raise nation's pride with five missions". The New Indian Express. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Cartosat-2 Series follow on satellite and Student Satellite NIUSAT flagged off from ISRO Satellite Centre to SDSC-SHAR Launchpad on 09th June 2017".
- ↑ "Canon Satellite".
- ↑ "Max Valier Satellite".
- ↑ "D-Sat".
- ↑ "PacSci EMC Announces PACSCISAT Launch" (PDF).
- ↑ "Global interest in PSLV soars".
- ↑ "SpaceWatchME Interviews: Meidad Pariente of Sky and Space Global".
- ↑ "Sky and Space Global confirms satellite launch schedule".
- ↑ "మే 25న పీఎస్ఎల్వీ-సి38 రాకెట్ ప్రయోగం".
- ↑ "ISILaunch19 mission patch and payloads".
- ↑ "Space Physics Laboratory Annual Report 2016-17" (PDF). Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ↑ "ISRO to launch back up navigation satellite on August 31". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2017-08-21.
- ↑ "PSLV-C39/IRNSS-1H Mission is scheduled to be launched on Aug 31, 2017 at 18:59 Hrs from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2017-08-23.
- ↑ "Mission Readiness Review (MRR) committee and Launch Authorisation Board (LAB) have cleared the 29hr countdown of PSLV-C39/ IRNSS-1H Satellite mission for Wednesday, Aug 30, 2017 starting at 14:00 hr IST, the launch of PSLV-C39/IRNSS-1H Satellite mission for Thursday, Aug 31, 2017 at 19:00 hr IST". ISRO.gov.in. 29 August 2017.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "PSLV". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
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- ↑ "IRNSS-1H launch from Sriharikota unsuccessful: ISRO". The Indian Express. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ "IRNSS-1H launch LIVE UPDATES: Mission unsuccessful, says ISRO chief". The Indian Express. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
- ↑ "Cartosat-2F". Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
- ↑ "SSTL ships CARBONITE-2 and Telesat's LEO-1 for PSLV launch".
- ↑ "Planet to fly four Dove satellites on ISRO's PSLV-C40". www.planet.com. Retrieved 2017-11-29.
- ↑ "SPACEFLIGHT PREPARES TO LAUNCH ELEVEN SPACECRAFT ON INDIA'S PSLV-C40". Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- ↑ "SIGMA(KHUSAT-03) website". www.khusat.khu.ac.kr. Retrieved 2018-01-10.
- ↑ D.S., Madhumati (1 September 2017). "It's business as usual for PSLV". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
The next PSLV mission is tentatively due in December to launch a Cartosat-2 series remote sensing satellite. It may also carry smaller customer satellites.
- ↑ G. N. V. Prasad. "Enabling Spacecraft Systems Realization through Industries (ESSRI-2017)" (PDF). ISAC.gov.in. ISRO Satellite Centre. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
- ↑ "Improved PSLV on track to blast off next month". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
- ↑ "India to launch 31 satellites on January 10". The Indian Express. 2017-12-30. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
- ↑ "ISRO's baby rocket to carry small satellites, likely to take off in 2019". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
- ↑ Amos, Jonathan (8 Jan 2018). "NovaSAR has actually been bumped from this flight. It will go later in the year". @BBCAmos. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
- ↑ "PSLV-C40 / Cartosat-2 Series Satellite Brochure" (PDF). ISRO.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 Jan 2018.
- ↑ Singh, Surendra. "Isro will resume sat launches only from first week of 2018". Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ↑ "S Somnath takes charge as Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre's director - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
- ↑ ETV Andhra Pradesh (2018-01-26), ISRO Readying for a Number of Launches | Director, retrieved 2018-01-29
- ↑ "మార్చి 15కు జీఎస్ఎల్వీ ఎఫ్–08 వాయిదా". Sakshi. 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
22న పీఎస్ఎల్వీ సీ41 ప్రయోగాలు చేసేందుకు ఇస్రో సిద్ధమవుతోంది.
- ↑ Anandan, S. (2018-02-24). "ISRO to launch another IRNSS satellite in April". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2018-02-28.
- ↑ "Isro gears up to launch 2 satellites before Chandrayaan-2 mission - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
- ↑ "జీఎస్ఎల్వీ-ఎఫ్08 రాకెట్ ప్రయోగం 29న | Andhrabhoomi - Telugu News Paper Portal | Daily Newspaper in Telugu | Telugu News Headlines | Andhrabhoomi". andhrabhoomi.net. Retrieved 2018-03-14.
- ↑ "PSLV-C41/IRNSS-1I - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
- ↑ "PSLV-C42 Mission". Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ↑ Bagla, Pallava. "Critical Technologies For Human Space Mission On Track, Says ISRO". NDTV. NDTV. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
@6m35s
- 1 2 3 4 "A slide from Department of Space press conference on 28 August 2018". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ↑ Press Conference by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh on issues related to Department of Space, retrieved 2018-08-28
- ↑ "The countdown begun today at 01:08 pm (IST) for the launch of PSLV C42 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The scheduled launch is at 10:08 pm (IST) tomorrow. - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-09-15.
- ↑ "NovaSAR-S - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions". directory.eoportal.org. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
- ↑ "SSTL S1-4". Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ Kumar, Chethan. "Isro aims to launch 22 missions in 2019; 50 in 3 years". Times of India. Times of India. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
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- ↑ "NEMO-AM - eoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions". directory.eoportal.org. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ↑ "NEMO-AM | UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory". www.utias-sfl.net. Retrieved 2018-08-28.