Bill Nelson

Bill Nelson
United States Senator
from Florida
Assumed office
January 3, 2001
Serving with Marco Rubio
Preceded by Connie Mack III
Ranking Member of the Senate Commerce Committee
Assumed office
January 3, 2015
Preceded by John Thune
Chair of the Senate Aging Committee
In office
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015
Preceded by Herb Kohl
Succeeded by Susan Collins
Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshal of Florida
In office
January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2001
Governor Lawton Chiles
Buddy MacKay
Jeb Bush
Preceded by Tom Gallagher
Succeeded by Tom Gallagher
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida
In office
January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1991
Preceded by Louis Frey Jr.
Succeeded by Jim Bacchus
Constituency 9th district (1979–1983)
11th district (1983–1991)
Member of the Florida House of Representatives
from the 47th district
In office
November 7, 1972 – November 7, 1978
Preceded by Redistricted
Succeeded by Tim Deratany
Personal details
Born Clarence William Nelson II
(1942-09-29) September 29, 1942
Miami, Florida, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s)
Grace Cavert (m. 1972)
Children 2
Education University of Florida
Yale University (BA)
University of Virginia (JD)
Website Senate website
Military service
Allegiance  United States
Service/branch  United States Army
Years of service 1965–1968, 1970–1971 (Reserve)
1968–1970 (Active)
Rank Captain
NASA payload specialist
Time in space
 6d 02h 03m
Missions STS-61-C
Mission insignia

Clarence William Nelson II (born September 29, 1942)[1] is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Florida. Before becoming a politician he served in the U.S. Army Reserve in the Vietnam War. He was first elected to the Senate in 2000. A member of the Democratic Party, Nelson served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978. He then served in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1991. In January 1986, he became the second sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space when he served as a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Nelson retired from Congress in 1990 to run for Governor of Florida, but was unsuccessful. He was appointed Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshal of Florida, serving from 1995 to 2001. In 2000, Nelson was elected to the U.S. Senate seat that had been vacated by retiring Republican Senator Connie Mack III. He was re-elected in 2006 with 60% of the vote[2] and in 2012 with 55% of the vote. In the Senate, he is generally considered a moderate Democrat.[3][4][5][6] As of 2018, he is the only Democratic statewide elected official in Florida.[7]

Early life and family

Nelson was born on September 29, 1942, in Miami, Florida, the only child of Nannie Merle (née Nelson) and Clarence William Nelson.[8][9] He is of Scottish, Irish, English, and Danish descent.[10][11] His father died of a heart attack when Nelson was 14 and his mother of Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS) when he was 24.[12] Nelson grew up in Melbourne, Florida, where he attended Melbourne High School.[13]

He attended Baptist and Episcopal churches but later was baptized through immersion in a Baptist church. He served as International President of Kiwanis-sponsored Key Club International in 1959–60.[14] In 2005, he joined the First Presbyterian Church in Orlando.[15]

Nelson attended the University of Florida, where he was a member of Florida Blue Key, and the Beta Theta Pi social fraternity. He transferred to Yale University, where he was a member of the Book and Snake secret society.[16] He received a law degree from the University of Virginia.[17]

In 1965, during the Vietnam War, he joined the U.S. Army Reserve. He served on active duty from 1968 to 1970, attaining the rank of captain, and he remained in the Army until 1971. Nelson was admitted to the Florida bar in 1968, and began practicing law in Melbourne in 1970. In 1971, he worked as legislative assistant to Governor Reubin Askew.[17]

In 1972, Nelson married Grace Cavert. The couple have two adult children: Charles William "Bill Jr." Nelson[18] and Nan Ellen Nelson.[13][19]

Space Shuttle Columbia

In 1986, Nelson became the second sitting member of Congress (and the first member of the House) to travel into space. He went through NASA training with Senator Jake Garn of Utah. Nelson was a Payload Specialist on Space Shuttle Columbia's STS-61-C mission from January 12 to January 18, 1986. The Space Shuttle Columbia landed at Edwards AFB at 5:59 a.m. PST, on January 18. The mission's elapsed time was 6 days, 2 hours, 45 minutes, and 51 seconds. This flight was the last successful space shuttle flight prior to the Challenger accident, which occurred only ten days after the return of the Columbia. In 1988, Nelson published a book about his space flight experience entitled Mission: An American Congressman's Voyage to Space.[20]

Early political career

Florida legislature

Nelson in 1972 as a state representative

In 1972, Nelson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives from the 47th District, representing much of Brevard County and portions of Orange and Seminole Counties.[21] He won reelection in 1974 and 1976.[22]

U.S. House of Representatives

Nelson was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1978 in the open 9th District after the five-term Republican incumbent, Louis Frey Jr., chose to run for governor rather than for re-election.[23] In 1980, Nelson was reelected to that district, which encompassed all of Brevard and part of Orange County. He was redistricted to the 11th District, encompassing all of Brevard and parts of Orange, Indian River, and Osceola counties, and won re-election in 1982, 1984, 1986, and 1988. He remained a member of the U.S. House until 1991.

1990 gubernatorial election

In 1990, Nelson ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Florida. He lost to former U.S. Senator Lawton Chiles, who went on to win the general election.

Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshal

In 1994 Nelson announced his intention to seek the office of Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshal of Florida. He won the election with 52% of the vote over State Rep. Tim Ireland's 48%. In 1998, he won re-election to the office, again defeating Ireland.

In 2000, Nelson announced that he would be running for the United States Senate seat held by retiring Republican Connie Mack III.[24] Florida's "resign-to-run" law requires an incumbent office holder seeking another elective office to submit an irrevocable resignation from the office he or she currently holds unless that tenure would end anyway before the office holder would, if elected, assume the new position. The candidate may designate the effective date of the resignation to be in the future, but it must be no later than the date on which he or she would assume the new office. This law compelled Nelson to submit his resignation as Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshall early in 2000 when he began to campaign for the U.S. Senate seat. He chose January 3, 2001, as the effective date of his resignation, as that was the date on which new Senators would be sworn in.[25]

United States Senate

Elections

2000 election

In 2000, Nelson ran as a Democrat for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by retiring Republican Senator Connie Mack III. He won the election, defeating U.S. Representative Bill McCollum, who ran as the Republican candidate.

2006 election

Following the 2004 election, in which Republican George W. Bush was re-elected and the Republican Party increased its majority in both the House and the Senate, Nelson was seen as vulnerable. He was a Democrat in a state that Bush had won, though by a margin of only five percentage points.[26]

Evangelical Christian activist James Dobson declared that Democrats, including Nelson, would be "in the 'bull's-eye'" if they supported efforts to block Bush's judicial nominees.[27] Nelson's refusal to support efforts in Congress to intervene in the Terri Schiavo case was seen as "a great political issue" for a Republican opponent to use in mobilizing Christian conservatives against him.[28]

Katherine Harris, the former Florida Secretary of State and two-term U.S. representative, defeated three other candidates in the September 5 Republican primary. Harris's role in the 2000 presidential election made her a polarizing figure. Many Florida Republicans were eager to reward her for her perceived party loyalty in the Bush-Gore election, while many Florida Democrats were eager to vote against her for the same reason.[29] In May, when the party found itself unable to recruit a candidate who could defeat Harris in the primary, many Republican activists admitted that the race was already lost.[30]

Nelson focused on safe issues, portraying himself as a bipartisan centrist problem-solver.[29] He obtained the endorsement of all 22 of Florida's daily newspapers.[31] Harris failed to secure the endorsement of Jeb Bush, who publicly stated that she could not win; the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, which had supported her in her House campaigns, did not endorse her in this race.[32]

As the election approached, polls showed Harris trailing Nelson by 26 to 35 points.[33] Nelson transferred about $16.5 million in campaign funds to other Democratic candidates,[34] and won the election with 60.4% of the vote to Harris's 38.2%.[35]

2012 election

Vice President Joe Biden called Nelson crucial to President Obama's chances for winning Florida in 2012. In March 2011, Biden was reported as having said that if Nelson lost in 2012, "it means President Obama and the Democratic presidential ticket won't win the key battleground state, either."[36] Congressman Connie Mack IV, the son of Nelson's direct predecessor in the Senate, won the Republican nomination. Nelson eventually defeated Mack with 55.2% of the vote to Mack's 42.2%.[37]

2018 election

Nelson is running for re-election in 2018. He ran unopposed in the Democratic Party primary, which took place on August 28, 2018.[38][39]

Committee assignments

In the 113th United States Congress, Nelson served on the following committees:

In the 114th United States Congress, Nelson served on the following committees:

Political positions

Nelson is often considered to be a moderate Democrat.[40] He has styled himself as a centrist during his various campaigns.[41] During Nelson's 2018 re-election campaign, challenger Rick Scott characterized Nelson as a "socialist"; PolitiFact described the assertion as "pants-on-fire" false.[42] According to ratings by the National Journal, Nelson was given a 2013 composite score of 21% conservative and 80% liberal.[43] In 2011, he was given composite scores of 37% conservative and 64% liberal.[43] He also has a lifetime conservative rating of nearly 30% from the American Conservative Union.[44] Conversely, the Americans for Democratic Action gave Nelson a 90% liberal quotient for 2016.[45] In the 115th Congress, Nelson was more conservative than 93% of other congressional Democrats.[46] GovTrack, which analyzes a politician's record, places Nelson near the Senate's ideological center and GovTrack placed him among the most moderate Senators in 2017.[47]

The only Florida Democrat in statewide office as of 2017, he was described by Politico in March of that year as "a Senate indicator species...an institutional centrist." Politico wrote that the Democratic Party "is shifting left and so is he."[48]

As of July 2017, Nelson had a 53% approval rating and 25% disapproval rating, with 22% of survey respondents having no opinion on his job performance.[49] FiveThirtyEight, which tracks Congressional votes, shows that Nelson has voted with President Donald Trump's positions 42.5% of the time as of June 2018.[50]

Interest group ratings

Anti-war activists protest Democratic senators who supported Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, December 2017

Nelson scores 100% on Planned Parenthood Action Fund's Congressional Scorecard[51] and 100% on NARAL's Congressional Record.[52]

Nelson scored a 28.4 lifetime rating on the American Conservative Union's scale of 0 to 100, but a 0 out of 100 in its 2015 ratings.[53] He scored a 9 out of 100 on the 2016 FreedomWorks ratings.[54] He scored a 7 out of 100 on Club for Growth's 2015 scorecard and an 11 out of 100 on its lifetime ratings; in 2015-16 the National Tax Limitation Committee gave him a 5% rating.[55][56] In 2018, Conservative Review gave him a 0% rating.[57] He scored a 90% from the Americans for Democratic Action in 2015, the most recent year they made ratings public.[58]

In 2015, Nelson had an 84% rating from the League of Conservation Voters.[59] He has received a 19% rating from the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste (2016), 5% from Club for Growth (2016), 17% from National Taxpayers Union (2016). In 2015 and 2017 respectively, Nelson received 0% ratings from the Federation for American Immigration Reform and Numbers USA, both of which support immigration limits.[55]

In 2017, he received 100% ratings the American Public Health Association.[55]

Vote Smart issue positions

Vote Smart, a non-profit, non-partisan research organization that collects and distributes information on candidates for public office in the United States, "researched presidential and congressional candidates' public records to determine candidates' likely responses on certain key issues." According to Vote Smart's 2016 analysis, Nelson generally supports pro-choice legislation, opposes U.S. combat operations in Afghanistan, supports reducing defense spending in order to balance the budget, supports an income tax increase in order to balance the budget, supports federal spending as a means of promoting economic growth, supports providing tax incentives to businesses for the purpose of job creation, supports requiring states to adopt federal education standards, opposes reducing restrictions on offshore energy production, supports the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, supports restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns, opposes repealing the Affordable Care Act, opposes requiring immigrants who are unlawfully present to return to their country of origin before they are eligible for citizenship, and opposes allowing individuals to divert a portion of their Social Security taxes into personal retirement accounts.[55]

Economic issues

Trade

In 2005, Nelson was one of ten Democrats who voted in favor of the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) on its 55–45 passage in the Senate.[60]

Tax policy

On several occasions, Nelson has voted to reduce or eliminate the estate tax,[61] notably in June 2006, when he was one of four Democrats voting for a failed (57–41) cloture motion on a bill to eliminate the tax.[62]

Nelson works with government storm trackers during a hurricane-hunter flight into the center of Hurricane Charley in August 2004

Nelson voted against a Republican plan to extend the Bush tax cuts to all taxpayers. Instead, Nelson supported extending the tax cuts for those with incomes below $250,000.[63] Nelson voted for the Buffett Rule in April 2012. Speaking of his support for the Buffett Rule, Nelson said he voted to raise the minimum tax rate on incomes over $1 million per year to 30% in order to reduce the budget deficit and to make the tax code more fair. Nelson said, "In short, tax fairness for deficit reduction just makes common sense."[64]

Nelson voted in 2011 to end Bush-era tax cuts for those earning over $250,000 but voted for $143 billion in tax cuts, unemployment benefits, and other economic measures.[65][66]

In 2013 Nelson advocated tax reform, which he defined as "getting rid of special interest tax breaks and corporate subsidies." Stating needed qualities of said reform, he listed "simplicity, fairness, and economic growth".[67]

He and Susan Collins introduced legislation in 2015 that would "make it easier for smaller businesses to cut administrative costs by forming multiple-employer 401(k)-style plans."[68]

Government spending

Nelson voted for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, often referred to as economic stimulus, proposed by President Obama.[69] In August 2011, Nelson voted for a bill to increase the debt ceiling by $400 billion. Nelson said that while the bill was not perfect, "this kind of gridlock doesn't do anything." Nelson voted against Paul Ryan's budget.[63]

Consumer affairs

In May 2013, Nelson asked the Federal Trade Commission and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to investigate why consumers who carried out a real-estate short sale were having their credit scores lowered to the same degree as those who went through foreclosure. Nelson suggested a penalty if the issue was not addressed within ninety days.[70]

Flood insurance

Nelson voted in favor of the Biggert–Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012, which required the National Flood Insurance Program to raise insurance rates for some properties at high risk of flooding to better reflect true flood risk costs and keep the program solvent.[71][72] In 2014, following an outcry by Florida property owners facing steep flood insurance-rate hikes,[73] Nelson supported legislation that would provide retroactive refunds for taxpayers who had experienced large hikes in their flood-insurance rates due to the sale or purchase of a home. The proposal would also cap average annual premium increases at 15 to 18 percent and allow insurance-rates subsidies based on current flood maps.[74]

Earmarks

In 2010, PolitiFact found that Nelson had flip-flopped on the issue of earmarks, pushing for a moratorium on the practice after saying that "earmarks were an important part of creating jobs and growing Florida's economy."[75]

Terrorism

In September 2014, Nelson said the U.S. should hit back at ISIS immediately because "the U.S. is the only one that can put together a coalition to stop this group that's intent on barbaric cruelty."[76]

He supported the "Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act." Introduced in 2013 and again in 2015, it would keep guns from people with suspected terrorist links.[77]

Standing outside the Orlando Pulse nightclub immediately after the June 2016 massacre there, Nelson called Omar Mateen a "lone wolf," and when asked if it was an act of jihad he said he could not confirm that.[78] Shortly afterwards, citing intelligence sources, Nelson said there was apparently "a link to Islamic radicalism," perhaps ISIS.[79][80] Nelson later said on the Senate floor that "terrorists...want to divide people" but that Mateen had instead "brought people together.[81] Following the massacre, Nelson and Barbara Mikulski supported an increase in FBI funding.[82] A year after the Orlando massacre, Nelson attended a memorial at which he reiterated that it had "united Orlando and it united the country."[83]

He supported the Terrorist Firearms Prevention Act of 2016.[84]

In August 2017, the Miami Herald urged Nelson to back Lindsey Graham's Taylor Force Act, which would block U.S. subsidies to the Palestinian Authority, which gives monetary assistance to "Palestinian prisoners, former prisoners and families of 'martyrs.'" Nelson did vote for the bill, which passed overwhelmingly.[85]

Health care

In March 2010, Nelson voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act,[86] also known as Obamacare, and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010,[87] which passed and were signed into law by President Obama.

Nelson called in 2014 for the expansion of Medicaid.[88]

In 2016, he called the House Zika bill "a disaster," complaining that it would take "$500 million in health care funding away from Puerto Rico" and limit access to "birth control services needed to help curb the spread of the virus and prevent terrible birth defects."[89] In 2017 Nelson wrote a letter to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) asking them to prioritize Zika prevention.[90]

In September 2017, Nelson and Susan Collins (R-ME) introduced the Reinsurance Act of 2017, an effort "to stabilize the health insurance marketplace." It would provide $2.25 billion to "reduce risk for insurance companies by providing funds to insurers for high-risk enrollees" and "help keep premiums in check."[91]

Immigration

In January 2017, Nelson wrote President Trump a letter protesting his immigration order. "Regardless of the constitutionality or legality of this Executive Order," he wrote, "I am deeply concerned that it may do more harm than good in our fight to keep America safe." U.S. success in the fight against terrorism, he argued, "depends on the cooperation and assistance of Muslims who reject radicalism and violence. Whether intended or not, this Executive Order risks alienating the very people we rely upon in the fight against terror."[92]

Space exploration and NASA

In March 2010, Nelson complained that President Obama had made a mistake in canceling NASA's Constellation program.[93] On July 7, 2011, it was reported that Nelson said Congress "starved" the space program of funding for several years, but suggested that the situation was turning around and called on the Obama administration to push for NASA funding.[94]

In 2017 and 2018, Nelson sought to prevent Jim Bridenstine, President Trump's nominee to head NASA, from being confirmed in the Senate.[95] Bridenstine had no formal qualifications in science or engineering, and rejected the scientific consensus on climate change.[95] Bridenstine was ultimately confirmed.[96]

LGBT rights

On December 18, 2010, Nelson voted in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010,[97][98] which established a legal process for ending the policy that prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States Armed Forces.

On April 4, 2013, Nelson announced that he no longer opposed same-sex marriage. He wrote, "The civil rights and responsibilities for one must pertain to all. Thus, to discriminate against one class and not another is wrong for me. Simply put, if The Lord made homosexuals as well as heterosexuals, why should I discriminate against their civil marriage? I shouldn't, and I won't."[99]

Foreign policy

Iraq War

Nelson voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 authorizing military action against Iraq.[100]

Venezuela

In April 2017, Nelson called for tougher economic sanctions against Venezuela, which he called an "economic basket case."[101]

Cuba

He opposed a 2009 spending bill until his concerns about certain provisions in the bill related to Cuba were assuaged by Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, who assured him that those provisions "would not amount to a major reversal of the decades-old U.S. policy of isolating the communist-run island."[102]

Syria visit

In 2006, Nelson met with Syrian President Bashar Assad in Damascus at the recommendation of the bipartisan Iraq Study Group to try to improve US-Syria relations and help stabilize Iraq.[103] He did this despite the United States Department of State and the White House saying they disapproved of the trip.[104][105]

Gun control

In 2012, the National Rifle Association (NRA) gave Nelson a "F" rating for his support of gun control.[106] Nelson is an advocate for new gun control laws, including an assault weapons ban, a ban on magazines over ten rounds, and a proposal that would require individuals buying guns at gun shows to have background checks.[107][108]

In response to the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Nelson expressed remorse that the Democrats' Feinstein Amendment, which would have banned the sale of guns to individuals on the terrorist watch list, and a Republican proposal to update background checks and to create an alert for law enforcement when an individual is placed on the terrorist watch list, had failed to pass the Senate. He stated "What am I going to tell the community of Orlando that is trying to come together in the healing? Sadly, what I am going to have to tell them is that the NRA won again."[109] Both he and Marco Rubio supported the bills.[110]

In October 2017, after the Las Vegas mass shooting, Nelson and Diane Feinstein sponsored a bill to ban bump stocks for assault weapons. "I'm a hunter and have owned guns my whole life," he said. "But these automatic weapons are not for hunting, they are for killing."[111]

Nelson spread misinformation via Twitter after the Parkland shooting, falsely claiming that shooter Nikolas Cruz wore a gas mask and tossed smoke grenades as he shot people. After an April 2018 shooting in Liberty City, Nelson claimed that assault weapons had been used in the shooting, when in fact handguns were used.[112][113]

Student loans

In July 2017, Nelson introduced legislation to cut interest rates on student loans to 4 percent.[114]

Environment

Nelson and Mel Martinez co-sponsored a 2006 bill banning oil drilling off Florida's Gulf Coast. In 2017 he said he wanted the ban to continue to 2027, but that it was "vigorously opposed by the oil industry." Along with 16 Florida congress members from both parties, he urged the Trump administration to keep the eastern Gulf of Mexico off limits to oil and gas drilling. "Drilling in this area," they wrote, "threatens Florida's multibillion-dollar tourism-driven economy and is incompatible with the military training and weapons testing that occurs there."[115][116][117]

In 2011, Nelson co-sponsored the RESTORE Act, which directed money from BP fines to states affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.[118]

On June 27, 2013, Nelson co-sponsored the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2013 (S. 1254; 113th Congress), a bill that would reauthorize and modify the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998 and would authorize the appropriation of $20.5 million annually through 2018 for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to mitigate the harmful effects of algal blooms and hypoxia.[119][120]

In 2015, after Gov. Rick Scott directed Florida officials to stop using the terms "climate change" and "global warming," Nelson introduced an amendment to prevent federal agencies from censoring official communications on climate change. It "fell to a point of order after a 51-49 vote, though Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) joined Nelson in supporting the amendment."[121][122]

Hurricanes

After Hurricane Maria in 2017, Nelson and Marco Rubio agreed that Trump had taken too long to send the U.S. military to Puerto Rico to take part in relief efforts. "For one week we were slow at the switch," Nelson said in San Juan. "The most efficient organization in a time of disaster is an organization that is already capable of long supply lines in combat. And that's the U.S. military."[123] After Hurricane Maria led many Puerto Ricans to flee to Florida, Nelson encouraged them to register to vote there.[124]

Nelson was criticized for sending campaign fundraising emails in the wake of Hurricane Irma.[125][126][127]

Supreme Court

Nelson opposed and filibustered the nomination of Neil Gorsuch for the Supreme Court.[128][129]

Security and surveillance

In 2007, Nelson was the only Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee to vote against an amendment to withhold funds for the use by the CIA of enhanced interrogation techniques on terrorism suspects. His vote, combined with those of all Republican members of the committee, killed the measure.[130]

In January 2018, Nelson voted to reauthorize the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which allows the National Security Agency to extend a program of warrantless spying on internet and phone networks.[131] In 2015, he had called for a permanent extension of the law.[132]

Claims about Russian interference in Florida's 2018 elections

On August 7, 2018, Nelson made a controversial claim that Russian operatives had penetrated some of Florida's election systems ahead of the 2018 midterm elections.[133][134] He stated that more detailed information was classified.[135] The Washington Post could not find evidence to backup Nelson's claims, doubt that the classified information exists and pointed out other inaccuracies in Nelson's statements on the matter.[136] PolitiFact did not evaluate Nelson's statements regarding alleged Russian election hacking because it could not "independently evaluate classified information," but wrote that Nelson "offered little evidence to back up his point."[137] However, later that August, "three people familiar with the intelligence" told NBC News "that there is a classified basis for Nelson's assertion."[138] A government official familiar with the intelligence told McClatchy that Russian hackers had penetrated some of Florida's county voting systems.[134] The Tampa Bay Times reported that Nelson had been told by leaders of the Senate Intelligence Committee of a penetration of some of Florida's voter registration databases.[134]

Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen and FBI director Christopher Wray refuted Nelson's claims in a letter to Florida election officials.[139][113] Amid the criticism, Nelson defended his assertions about Russian penetration, saying he and fellow Florida Senator Marco Rubio had been instructed by Mark Warner and Richard Burr, leaders of the Senate Intelligence Committee, to warn the Florida Secretary of State about Russian interference.[134][133] Warner and Burr neither confirmed nor denied Nelson's claim that Florida's systems had been penetrated, while Rubio "has taken a line on the controversy similar to Burr and Warner's."[133] The Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust, a conservative watchdog group, filed an ethics complaint against Nelson, saying that he "discussed classified information or made it up."[140]

Electoral history

Florida State House of Representatives election 1972[141]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson 26,771 68.9
Republican David Vozzola 12,078 31.1
Florida 9th District U.S. House of Representatives election 1978
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson 89,543 61.5
Republican Edward J. Gurney 56,074 38.5
Florida 9th District U.S. House of Representatives election 1980
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 139,468 70.4
Republican Stan Dowiat 58,734 29.6
Florida 11th District U.S. House of Representatives election 1982
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 101,746 70.6
Republican Joel Robinson 42,422 29.4
Florida 11th District U.S. House of Representatives election 1984
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 145,764 60.5
Republican Rob Quartel 95,115 39.5
Florida 11th District U.S. House of Representatives election 1986
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 149,109 72.7
Republican Scott Ellis 55,952 27.3
Florida 11th District U.S. House of Representatives election 1988
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 168,390 60.8
Republican Bill Tolley 108,373 39.2
Florida Governor, Democratic primary election 1990
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Lawton Chiles 745,325 69.5
Democratic Bill Nelson 327,731 30.5
Florida State Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshal election 1994
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson 2,070,604 51.7
Republican Tim Ireland 1,933,570 48.3
Florida State Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner and Fire Marshal election 1998
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 2,195,283 56.5 +4.8
Republican Tim Ireland 1,687,712 43.5 -4.8
Florida U.S. Senate election 2000
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson 2,987,644 52.1
Republican Bill McCollum 2,703,608 47.2
Florida U.S. Senate election 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 2,890,548 60.3 +9.8
Republican Katherine Harris 1,826,127 38.1
United States Senate election in Florida, 2006
Florida U.S. Senate election 2012
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Bill Nelson (Incumbent) 4,523,451 55.23 -5.07
Republican Connie Mack IV 3,458,267 42.23 +4.13
United States Senate election in Florida, 2012

References

  1. ↑ "Florida Marriage Collection, 1822–1875 and 1927–2001". Ancestry.com.
  2. ↑ "Sen. Bill Nelson (D)", National Journal Almanac, 2008-12-31. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  3. ↑ "Bill Nelson pitches long-held moderate message in tight U.S. Senate race". Tampabay.com. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  4. ↑ Sullivan, Erin. "U.S. Rep. Connie Mack takes on longtime Sen. Bill Nelson | News". Orlando Weekly. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-23. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  6. ↑ "U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson: Nelson works hard to be seen as moderate - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel". Articles.orlandosentinel.com. 2012-10-25. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  7. ↑ Leary, Alex (September 22, 2017). "On the run with Sen. Bill Nelson, no signs of slowing down". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  8. ↑ "Senator Bill Nelson" Archived 2012-03-01 at the Wayback Machine.. Florida 4-H Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  9. ↑ "Bill Nelson". Florida 4-H Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Niuzer.com". niuzer.com.
  11. ↑ "bill nelson". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
  12. ↑ "Despite Similarities, Senate Hopefuls Have Big Differences". Sun-Sentinel. October 29, 2000. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  13. 1 2 "Biography" Archived 2009-08-04 at the Wayback Machine.. U.S. Senator Bill Nelson – Florida (official U.S. Senate website). Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  14. ↑ Kiwanis Magazine, December, 2012, p. 14
  15. ↑ Stratton, Jim. "Nelson doesn't act like Christian, Harris says". Orlando Sentinel. 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
  16. ↑ "Greeks in the 113th Congress". North-American Interfraternity Conference. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  17. 1 2 "Bill Nelson (D-Fla.)". Archived 2009-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. WhoRunsGov.com. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
  18. ↑ Henry Pierson Curtis and April Hunt (November 9, 2006). "Senator's Son Arrested after Orlando Fracas". Orlando Sentinel.
  19. ↑ "Florida's senior senator praises Martinez, stays quiet about possible candidates in 2010". Archived 2009-12-02 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. Senator Bill Nelson – Florida (official U.S. Senate website). Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  20. ↑ Nelson, Bill (1988). Mission: An American Congressman's Voyage to Space. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0151055562.
  21. ↑ "Florida House of Representatives - Historic Journals". www.myfloridahouse.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
  22. ↑ "Bill Nelson" Archived 2010-01-14 at the Wayback Machine.. Washington Post:U.S. Congress Votes Database. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  23. ↑ "FREY, Louis, Jr. - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
  24. ↑ "Division of Elections - Florida Department of State" (PDF). state.fl.us.
  25. ↑ "Resign-to-Run Law § 99.012, Fla. Stat" (PDF). State.fl.us. August 22, 2000. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
  26. ↑ "For Democrats in red states, 2006 daunting". Washington Times. 2004-11-29. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  27. ↑ Kirkpatrick, David D. "Evangelical Leader Threatens to Use His Political Muscle Against Some Democrats". New York Times. 2005-01-01. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  28. ↑ Allen, Mike, and Manuel Roig-Franzia. "Congress Steps In on Schiavo Case". Washington Post. 2005-03-20. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  29. 1 2 Gibson, William E."Senate Race Centers on Images". Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel. 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  30. ↑ Kumar, Anita. "GOP can't elude Harris vs. Nelson" Archived May 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine..St. Petersburg Times. 2006-05-11. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  31. ↑ Clark, Lesley. "Nelson goes 22–0". Naked Politics (Miami Herald blog). 2006-10-30. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  32. ↑ Kormanik, Beth. "Harris, Nelson tout testimonials". Florida Times-Union. 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  33. ↑ Copeland, Libby. "Campaign Gone South". Washington Post. 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  34. ↑ Gibson, William E. "Nelson Rolls To Second Term". Ft. Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel. 2006-11-08. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  35. ↑ Miller, Lorraine C. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006". U.S. House of Representatives website. 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  36. ↑ "Biden: If Bill Nelson loses Senate race, Obama won't win Florida in 2012". The Hill. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
  37. ↑ "2012 U.S. Senate Election Results". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  38. ↑ King, Ledyard (August 10, 2018). "U.S. Senate: Primary election a formality for Sen. Bill Nelson and Gov. Rick Scott". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  39. ↑ "Florida Primary Election Results". New York Times. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  40. ↑ Gibson, William. "Nelson and Miami Reps called `Centrist¿". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  41. ↑ "Bill Nelson pitches long-held moderate message in tight U.S. Senate race". 2012-10-28. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  42. ↑ "Gov. Rick Scott wrongly calls Sen. Bill Nelson a socialist". @politifact. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
  43. 1 2 "Bill Nelson, Sr.'s Ratings and Endorsements". votesmart.org.
  44. ↑ "ACU Ratings". ACU Ratings. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  45. ↑ "ADA Voting Records - Americans for Democratic Action". Americans for Democratic Action. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  46. ↑ "Is Bill Nelson one of America's most independent senators?". @politifact. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  47. ↑ "Bill Nelson, Senator for Florida - GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
  48. ↑ Caputo, Marc. "How Bill Nelson shook up the Gorsuch confirmation fight". Politico. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  49. ↑ Easley, Cameron. "America's Most and Least Popular Senators". Morning Consult. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  50. ↑ Bycoffe, Aaron (2017-01-30). "Tracking Congress In The Age Of Trump". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
  51. ↑ "Planned Parenthood Congressional Scorecard". Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  52. ↑ "NARAL Congressional Record on Choice" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-01-29.
  53. ↑ "The American Conservative Union Federal Legislative Ratings". Acuratings.conservative.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  54. ↑ "Scorecards | Congressional Scorecard - FreedomWorks". Congress.freedomworks.org. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  55. 1 2 3 4 "Bill Nelson's Issue Positions (Political Courage Test)". Vote Smart. Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  56. ↑ http://cdn2.clubforgrowth.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2015-House-online-detail-final.pdf
  57. ↑ "Scorecard". Conservative Review. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
  58. ↑ "Americans for Democratic Action - Voting Records". Adaction.org. Archived from the original on 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
  59. ↑ Farago, Alan. "Hoping To Save Senate For GOP, Marco Rubio Tries On Environmental Footwear". Huffington Post. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  60. ↑ Nichols, John. "Democrats for CAFTA". The Beat (blog at the Nation). 2005-07-05. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  61. ↑ "Bill Nelson – Votes Against Party" Archived 2009-10-08 at the Wayback Machine.. Washington Post:U.S. Congress Votes Database. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  62. ↑ Andrews, Edmund L. "G.O.P. Fails in Attempt to Repeal Estate Tax". New York Times. 2006-06-09. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  63. 1 2 JENNA BUZZACCO-FOERSTER (20 August 2012). "Analysis: Comparing the votes of Bill Nelson and Connie Mack on key issues". Naples Daily News.
  64. ↑ "Senate blocks 'Buffett rule'". Omaha.com. 2012-04-17. Archived from the original on 2013-01-30. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
  65. ↑ Buzzacco-Foerster, Jenna; Carpenter, Jacob. "Analysis: Comparing the votes of Bill Nelson and Connie Mack on key issues". Naples Daily News. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  66. ↑ Kane, Paul; Mui, Ylan Q. "Congress passes extension of payroll tax cut". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  67. ↑ Davis, James. "The One Thing Congress Agrees on That Could Transform the Economy". Fortune. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  68. ↑ Miller, Mark. "How to use Social Security to fix retirement inequality". Reuters. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  69. ↑ "Nelson prefers campaign trail to convention". The St. Augustine Record. 6 September 2012.
  70. ↑ Harney, Kenneth R. (2013-05-17). "Short sales routinely show up in credit reports as foreclosures". latimes.com. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
  71. ↑ "Biggert–Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act". FloodSmart.gov. Archived from the original on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  72. ↑ "Premiums rising for national flood program, though Florida pales in payouts".
  73. ↑ Gordon, Greg (14 January 2014). "Public outcry prompts delay in federal flood insurance rate hikes". Miami Herald. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  74. ↑ Simpson, Andrew (4 March 2014). "House Passes Flood Insurance Bill; Key Senators Sign On". Insurance Journal. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  75. ↑ Sharockman, Aaron (December 1, 2010). "Bill Nelson talks one way on earmarks, but votes another". PolitiFact. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  76. ↑ Lengell, Sean. "Bill Nelson: U.S. the 'only one' who can stop ISIS". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  77. ↑ SWEETLAND EDWARDS, HALEY. "Orlando Shooting May Revive Effort to Keep Guns From Suspected Terrorists". Time. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  78. ↑ Goldhill, Olivia. "The Orlando shooting is the deadliest in US history. Here's what we know". Quartz. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  79. ↑ MCCASKILL, NOLAN D.; EAST, KRISTEN. "Orlando massacre: Shock and horror". Politico. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  80. ↑ Hayes, Christal; Tziperman Lotan, Gal; Cherney, Elyssa; Miller, Naseem S.; Lemongello, Steven; Rodgers, Bethany. "Orlando shooting victims remembered in vigils across city, nation and world". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  81. ↑ Bustos, Sergio. "Nelson, Rubio recount Pulse nightclub attack, outpouring of unity in Orlando". Politico. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  82. ↑ KIM, SEUNG MIN; NUSSBAUM, MATTHEW. "Senate Dems push to add money for FBI counter-terror efforts". Politico. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  83. ↑ "One Year Later, Central Florida Remembers Pulse Nightclub Tragedy". WUFT Florida. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  84. ↑ BERGENGRUEN, VERA; HENNEY, MEGAN. "Could this be the gun bill that has a chance?". McClatchy. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  85. ↑ Jacobs, Phil. "Booker Casts Vote Against Taylor Force Act". Jewish Link of New Jersey. Archived from the original on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  86. ↑ "H.R. 3590 (111th): Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act". govtrack.us. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  87. ↑ "H.R. 4872 (111th): Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010". govtrack.us. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  88. ↑ Nelson, Bill. "Bill Nelson: Expanding Medicaid good for Florida's health, economy". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  89. ↑ King, Ledyard; Kelly, Erin. "Sen. Bill Nelson calls House Zika bill 'disaster'". Tallahasse Democrat. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  90. ↑ "Sen. Nelson asks CDC to prioritize Zika prevention measures". Homeland Preparedness News. 2017-10-17. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
  91. ↑ Lawlor, Joe. "Sen. Collins teams up with Florida Democrat on bill to shore up ACA". The Portland Press Herald. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  92. ↑ Sherman, Amy. "Sen. Bill Nelson writes Trump letter protesting immigration order". Miami Herald. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  93. ↑ Kremer, Ken. "Obama Made Mistake Cancelling NASAs Constellation". Universe Today. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  94. ↑ Parkinson, Tom. "U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson Says Congress 'Starved' NASA of Funding". WMFE. Archived from the original on February 10, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  95. 1 2 "Senate advances Bridenstine to lead NASA". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  96. ↑ Chang, Kenneth (April 19, 2018). "Trump's NASA Nominee, Jim Bridenstine, Confirmed by Senate on Party-Line Vote". New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  97. ↑ "Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 2965". U.S. Senate. December 18, 2010. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  98. ↑ "Senate Vote 281 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'". The New York Times. December 18, 2010. Archived from the original on October 27, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
  99. ↑ "Florida Senator Bill Nelson no longer opposes gay marriage". CFN13. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  100. ↑ "H.J.Res. 114 (107th): Authorization for Use of Military Force Against ... -- Senate Vote #237 -- Oct 11, 2002". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  101. ↑ Harris, Alex. "Senator Bill Nelson wants tougher sanctions against 'economic basket case' Venezuela". Miami Herald. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  102. ↑ Pelofsky, Jeremy; Cornwell, Susan. "US Senate nears passage of $410 bln spending bill". Reuters. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  103. ↑ Wright, Robin (2006-12-14). "Defying Bush, Senator Visits Syria". ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
  104. ↑ Plummer Flaherty, Anne (December 13, 2006). "washingtonpost.com > Nation > Wires Fla. Senator Defies Bush, Visits Syria". Washington Post. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  105. ↑ Gay Stolberg, Sheryl (December 15, 2006). "White House Upset by Senator's Trip to Syria". New York Times. Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  106. ↑ "This November Bill Nelson Need to go". NRA-ILA. National Rifle Association. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  107. ↑ Vaughn, George (2013-01-23). "Response from U.S. Senator (FL) Bill Nelson RE: Gun Control". Tea Party Nation. Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
  108. ↑ Bell, Lisa (15 January 2013). "Sheriff Jerry Demings, Sen. Bill Nelson call for tougher gun laws". WKMG. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  109. ↑ Griffin, Larry. "Bill Nelson on gun control laws: 'The NRA won again' - Florida Politics". floridapolitics.com. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  110. ↑ Leary, Alex. "Sens. Marco Rubio and Bill Nelson vote party line on gun bills". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  111. ↑ Powers, Scott (October 4, 2017). "Bill Nelson sponsors bill to ban bump stocks for assault weapons". Florida Politics. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  112. ↑ Daugherty, Alex; Smiley, David (April 9, 2018). "Bill Nelson spreads wrong information after shootings in Liberty City, Parkland". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  113. 1 2 Stapleton, Christine (August 24, 2018). "Nelson's false tweets catch attention of social media watchdogs". Sarasota Herald Tribune. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  114. ↑ Bakeman, Jessica. "Graduate with $115K in debt challenges Nelson on his 'practical' approach to federal student loan reform". Politico. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  115. ↑ Perry, Mitch. "At Senate Commerce hearing in St. Pete, Bill Nelson vows to keep oil drilling moratorium". Florida Politics. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  116. ↑ Ritchie, Bruce. "Nelson, congressional members urge Trump administration against oil drilling off Florida". Politico. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  117. ↑ Owens, Paul. "Signs of hope in re-emerging bipartisan consensus on environment". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  118. ↑ Sherman, Amy (March 22, 2012). "Marco Rubio says oil spill fine money could go to Great Lakes and West Coast". PolitiFact Florida. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
  119. ↑ "CBO – S. 1254". Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  120. ↑ Marcos, Cristina (9 June 2014). "This week: Lawmakers to debate appropriations, VA, student loans". The Hill. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  121. ↑ "BUDGET RESOLUTIONS SET STAGE FOR APPROPRIATIONS; FARM BILL RE-OPENING STILL A POSSIBILITY". National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  122. ↑ Depra, Dianne. "Senator Bill Nelson Speaks Out Against Government Employee Ban On Climate Change". Tech Times. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  123. ↑ PADGETT, TIM. "Senator Bill Nelson Criticizes Slow U.S. Response In Puerto Rico; Praises Military Effort". WLRN. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  124. ↑ MAZZEI, PATRICIA. "Sen. Nelson wants Puerto Ricans newly arrived in Florida to register to vote". Miami Herald. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  125. ↑ Leary, Alex (September 28, 2017). "GOP: Bill Nelson fundraising email a 'new level of tone deaf'". Tampa Bay Times. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  126. ↑ Dixon, Matt (September 28, 2017). "NRSC thumps Nelson over Hurricane Irma fundraising email". Politico PRO. Politico. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  127. ↑ Schorsch, Peter (October 12, 2017). "Bill Nelson fundraises off Irma again, Republicans say it's 'disgusting'". Florida Politics. Florida Politics. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  128. ↑ Leary, Alex. "Right and left pressure Florida Sen. Bill Nelson over Supreme Court nominee decision". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  129. ↑ Caputo, Marc. "How Bill Nelson shook up the Gorsuch confirmation fight". Politico. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  130. ↑ Shane, Scott. "Senate Panel Questions C.I.A. Detentions". New York Times. 2007-06-01. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
  131. ↑ Ianelli, Jerry (January 18, 2018). "Florida's Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson Votes to Extend Trump's NSA Spying Powers". Miami New Times. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  132. ↑ Perry, Mitch (November 30, 2015). "Bill Nelson calls for permanent extension of Section 702 of FISA Amendment Act". Florida Politics. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  133. 1 2 3 Herb, Jeremy. "Senate Intel leaders asked only Florida senators to send letter on Russia hacking threats". CNN. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  134. 1 2 3 4 Herald, Miami. "Florida election officials seek info as support builds for Bill Nelson's Russian-hack claim". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2018-08-29.
  135. ↑ Leary, Alex; Bousquet, Steve; Wilson, Kirby (2018-08-08). "Bill Nelson: The Russians have penetrated some Florida voter registration systems". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  136. ↑ "Analysis | Has Russia hacked into Florida's election system? There is no evidence". Washington Post. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
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  139. ↑ Rohrer, Gray (August 21, 2018). "Homeland Security, FBI say Florida election system has not been hacked". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  140. ↑ Leary, Alex (August 23, 2018). "Group files ethics complaint against Bill Nelson over Russia hacking claim". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  141. ↑ Lawrence, D.G., "Democrats keep control of state legislature" Orlando Sentinel. 1972-11-08.

Further reading

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Louis Frey		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida's 9th congressional district
1979–1983		 Succeeded by
Michael Bilirakis
Preceded by
Dan Mica		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida's 11th congressional district
1983–1991		 Succeeded by
Jim Bacchus
Political offices
Preceded by
Tom Gallagher		 Treasurer of Florida
1995–2001		 Succeeded by
Tom Gallagher
Party political offices
Preceded by
Hugh Rodham		 Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Florida
(Class 1)
2000, 2006, 2012, 2018		 Most recent
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Connie Mack III		 U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Florida
2001–present
Served alongside: Bob Graham, Mel Martínez, George LeMieux, Marco Rubio		 Incumbent
Preceded by
Herb Kohl		 Chair of the Senate Aging Committee
2013–2015		 Succeeded by
Susan Collins
Preceded by
John Thune		 Ranking Member of the Senate Commerce Committee
2015–present		 Incumbent
Current U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Mike Crapo		 United States Senators by seniority
17th		 Succeeded by
Tom Carper
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