Demographics of Ukraine

Demographics of Ukraine
Population of Ukraine (in millions) from 1950-2012.
Population 42,386,403 Decrease (1 January 2018: excluding Crimea and Sevastopol)[1]
Growth rate −8.4 Decrease people/1,000 population (2015)
Birth rate 10.3 Decrease births/1,000 population (2016)
Death rate 14.7 Negative increase deaths/1,000 population (2016)
Life expectancy 71.68 years Increase (2016)
 • male 66.73 Increase years
 • female 76.46 Increase years
Fertility rate 1.47 Decrease children born/woman (2016)
Infant mortality rate 7.4 deaths/1,000 Decrease infants (2016)
Net migration rate −5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015)
Age structure
0–14 years Increase 15.4%
15–64 years Decrease 68.4%
65 and over Increase 16.2% (2017)
Sex ratio
At birth 1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15 1.06 male(s)/female
15–64 years 0.92 male(s)/female
65 and over 0.51 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality noun: Ukrainian(s) adjective: Ukrainian
Major ethnic Ukrainians (85.9%) 2015
Minor ethnic Russians (8.1%) 2015
Language
Official Ukrainian
Spoken Ukrainian, Russian, others

The demographics of Ukraine include statistics on population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population of Ukraine.

The data in this article are based on the 2001 Ukrainian census which is the most recent,[2] the CIA World Factbook, and the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. The next census is scheduled to take place in 2020.[3][4]

The total population of 42,386,403[1] depicted here excludes the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol which were annexed by Russia in 2014. (The total population including those territories is 44,727,181[5])

Historical data

There were roughly four million Ukrainians at the end of the 17th century.[6] The majority of the historical information is sourced from Demoscope.ru.[7] Please note that territory of modern Ukraine at the times listed above varied greatly. The western regions of Ukraine, west of Zbruch river, until 1939 for most of time were part of the Kingdom of Galicia and later the Polish Republic. The detailed information for those territories is missing, for more information see Demographics of Poland. The Crimean peninsula changed hands as well, in 1897 it was a part of the Taurida Governorate, but after the October Revolution became part of the Russian SFSR, and later was turned under the administration of the Ukrainian SSR.

The territory of Budjak (southern Bessarabia) became a part of the Ukrainian SSR in June 1940. The censuses of 1926 through 1989 were taken in the Ukrainian SSR. The census of 1897 is taken with the correspondence to nine gubernias that included in the territory of today's Ukraine. The statistics of 1906 records are taken from www.statoids.com which provides a broad degree of historical explanation on the situation in the Imperial Russia. The census statistics of 1931 was estimated by the professor Zenon Kuzela (1882–1952)[8] from Berlin. His calculations are as of 1 January 1931. This ethnographer is mentioned in the encyclopedia of Ukraine as one of the sources only available due to lack of the official census.[9][10]

The 2001 census was the first official census of the independent republic of Ukraine. Its data is given as on 1 January. The 2003–2009 stats were taken from the official website of Ukrstat and represent the data as of February of each year for the real population.

Vital statistics

Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire

The figures below refer to the nine governorates of the Russian Empire (Volhynia, Yekaterinoslav, Kiev, Podolia, Poltava, Taurida, Kharkov, Kherson and Chernigov) with a Ukrainian majority.[11]

Average population (thousands) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Total fertility rates
1900 24,969 1,203,334660,723542,611 48.226.521.7
1901 25,505 1,123,519657,883465,636 44.125.818.3
1902 25,935 1,207,512681,580525,932 46.626.320.3
1903 26,449 1,188,404663,067525,337 44.925.119.9
1904 26,961 1,228,116682,068546,048 45.625.320.3
1905 28,210 1,160,308779,107381,201 41.127.613.5
1906 27,949 1,225,951724,045501,906 43.925.918.0
1907 28,418 1,279,027701,451577,576 45.024.720.3
1908 29,069 1,232,862692,624540,238 42.423.818.6
1909 29,700 1,226,155744,818481,337 41.325.116.2
1910 30,297 1,225,658839,491386,167 40.527.712.7
1911 30,858 1,240,985670,742570,243 40.221.718.5
1912 30,580 1,245,358654,157591,201 40.721.419.3
1913 31,142 1,222,277715,924506,353 39.223.016.36.00
1914 30,973 1,240,114716,875523,239 40.023.116.9

Between WWI and WWII

Average population (thousands) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates
1924 27,400 1,150,577484,880665,697 42.017.724.3
1925 28,000 1,185,028531,819653,209 42.319.023.3 5.39
1926 28,700 1,207,907518,656689,251 42.118.124.0
1927 29,589 1,184,400522,600661,700 40.017.722.4
1928 30,251 1,139,300495,700643,600 37.716.421.3
1929 30,894 1,081,000538,700542,300 35.017.417.6
1930 31,436 1,023,000578,100484,900 32.518.414.2
1931 31,882 975,300514,700460,600 30.616.114.4
1932 32,342 782,000668,200113,800 24.220.73.5
1933 32,456 564,0002,104,000-1,540,000 17.464.8-47.4
1934 30,916 551,500462,00089,500 17.814.92.9
1935 31,006 759,100341,900417,200 24.511.013.5
1936 31,423 893,100359,500533,500 28.411.417.0
1937 31,957 1,214,000428,400785,600 38.013.424.6
1938 32,742 1,113,500430,800682,600 34.013.220.9
1939 33,425 1,073,500412,600660,900 32.112.319.8
1940 (b) 40,649 1,100,000 27.3 3.80

(a) Information is given for Ukraine's territory within its old boundaries up to 17 September 1939 (b) Information is given for Ukraine's territory within its present-day boundaries, after the annexation of Eastern Galicia and Volhynia on September 1939

After WW II

Average population
(thousands)		 Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates Urban fertility Rural fertility Abortions, reported
1946 753,493
1947 712,994
1948 757,783
1949 911,641
1950 36,905 844,585 315,300 529,300 22.9 8.5 14.3 2.81
1951 37,569 858,052 327,500 530,600 22.8 8.7 14.1
1952 38,141 846,434 325,700 520,700 22.2 8.5 13.7
1953 38,678 795,652 326,800 468,900 20.6 8.4 12.1
1954 39,131 845,128 318,500 526,600 21.6 8.1 13.5
1955 39,506 792,696 296,200 496,500 20.1 7.5 12.6 2.70
1956 40,082 822,569 293,000 529,600 20.5 7.3 13.2
1957 40,800 847,781 304,800 543,000 20.8 7.5 13.3
1958 41,512 873,483 286,700 586,800 21.0 6.9 14.1 2.30
1959 42,155 880,552 316,800 563,800 20.9 7.5 13.4 2.29
1960 42,469 878,768 296,171 582,597 20.7 7.0 13.7 2.24
1961 43,097 843,482 304,346 539,136 19.6 7.1 12.5 2.17
1962 43,559 823,151 331,454 491,697 18.9 7.6 11.3 2.14
1963 44,088 794,969 323,556 471,413 17.9 7.3 10.6 2.06
1964 44,664 741,668 315,340 426,328 16.5 7.0 9.5 1.96
1965 45,133 692,153 342,717 349,436 15.3 7.6 7.7 1.99
1966 45,548 713,492 344,850 368,642 15.6 7.5 8.1 2.02
1967 45,997 699,381 368,573 330,808 15.1 8.0 7.2 2.01
1968 46,408 693,064 374,440 318,624 14.9 8.0 6.8 1.99
1969 46,778 687,991 404,151 283,840 14.7 8.6 6.0 2.04
1970 47,127 719,213 418,679 300,534 15.2 8.9 6.4 2.10 1,130,315
1971 47,507 736,691 424,717 311,974 15.4 8.9 6.5 2.12
1972 47,903 745,696 443,038 302,658 15.5 9.2 6.3 2.08
1973 48,274 719,560 449,351 270,209 14.9 9.3 5.6 2.04
1974 48,571 736,616 455,970 280,646 15.1 9.4 5.8 2.04
1975 48,881 738,857 489,550 249,307 15.1 10.0 5.1 2.02 1,110,223
1976 49,151 747,069 500,584 246,485 15.2 10.2 5.0 1.99
1977 49,388 726,217 517,967 208,250 14.7 10.5 4.2 1.94
1978 49,578 732,187 529,681 202,506 14.7 10.7 4.1 1.96
1979 49,755 735,188 552,019 183,169 14.7 11.1 3.7 1.96
1980 50,044 742,489 568,243 174,246 14.8 11.4 3.5 1.95 1,197,000
1981 50,222 733,183 568,789 164,394 14.6 11.3 3.3 1.93 1,112,734
1982 50,388 745,591 568,231 177,360 14.8 11.3 3.5 1.94 1,131,437
1983 50,573 807,111 583,496 223,615 16.0 11.6 4.4 2.11 1,125,686
1984 50,768 792,035 610,338 181,697 15.6 12.0 3.6 2.08 1,127,627
1985 50,941 762,775 617,548 145,227 15.0 12.1 2.9 2.02 1,179,000
1986 51,143 792,574 565,150 227,424 15.5 11.1 4.4 2.13 1,166,039
1987 51,373 760,851 586,387 174,464 14.8 11.4 3.4 2.07 1,168,136
1988 51,593 744,056 600,725 143,331 14.4 11.6 2.8 2.04 1,080,029
1989 51,770 690,981 600,590 90,391 13.3 11.6 1.7 1.92 1.78 2.33 1,058,414
1990 51,838 657,202 629,602 27,600 12.7 12.1 0.6 1.84 1.69 2.27 1,019,038
1991 51,944 630,813 669,960 −39,147 12.1 12.9 −0.8 1.77 1.61 2.33 957,022
1992 52,056 596,785 697,110 −100,325 11.4 13.4 −2.0 1.67 1.48 2.19 932,272
1993 52,244 557,467 741,662 −184,195 10.7 14.2 −3.5 1.56 1.37 2.07 860,996
1994 52,114 521,545 764,669 −243,124 10.0 14.7 −4.7 1.47 1.28 1.97 798,538
1995 51,728 492,861 792,587 −299,726 9.6 15.4 −5.8 1.40 1.22 1.86 740,172
1996 51,297 467,211 776,717 −309,506 9.2 15.2 −6.1 1.33 1.16 1.77 687,035
1997 50,818 442,581 754,151 −311,570 8.7 14.9 −6.2 1.27 1.11 1.68 596,740
1998 50,370 419,238 719,954 −300,716 8.4 14.4 −6.0 1.20 1.04 1.62 525,329
1999 49,918 389,208 739,170 −349,962 7.8 14.9 −7.0 1.12 0.97 1.51 495,760
2000 49,429 385,126 758,082 −372,956 7.8 15.4 −7.6 1.11 0.96 1.49 434,223
2001 48,923 376,479 745,953 −369,474 7.7 15.3 −7.6 1.085 0.96 1.41 369,750
2002 48,457 390,687 754,911 −364,224 8.1 15.7 −7.6 1.12 1.03 1.47 345,967
2003 48,003 408,591 765,408 −356,817 8.5 16.0 −7.5 1.17 1.09 1.48 315,835
2004 47,622 427,259 761,263 −334,004 9.0 16.0 −7.0 1.21 1.12 1.53 289,065
2005 47,280 426,085 781,964 −355,879 9.0 16.6 −7.6 1.21 1.16 1.48 263,950
2006 46,929 460,368 758,093 −297,725 9.8 16.2 −6.4 1.31 1.21 1.61 229,618
2007 46,646 472,657 762,877 −290,220 10.2 16.4 −6.2 1.34 1.28 1.69 210,454
2008 46,372 510,588 754,462 −243,874 11.0 16.3 −5.3 1.46 1.31 1.72 201,087
2009 46,143 512,526 706,740 −194,214 11.1 15.3 −4.2 1.46 1.33 1.77 194,845
2010 45,962 497,689 698,235 −200,546 10.8 15.2 −4.4 1.44 1.31 1.78 176,774
2011 45,778 502,595 664,588 −161,993 11.0 14.5 −3.5 1.46 1.32 1.80 156,193
2012 45,633 520,704663,139−142,435 11.414.5−3.1 1.53 1.39 1.87 141,396
2013 45,553 503,656 662,368 −158,712 11.1 14.6 −3.5 1.51 1.37 1.83
2014 43,001 465,882 632,296 −166,414 10.8 14.7 −3.9 1.50 1.35 1.83
2015 42,844 411,783 594,795 −183,012 9.6 13.9 −4.3 1.51 1.39 1.71
2016 42,672 397,039 583,631 −186,592 9.3 13.6 −4.3 1.47 1.36 1.64
2017 42,386 363,987 574,123 −210,136 8.4 13.4 −5.0 1.38 (e)

(e) estimate

Urban live births Urban deaths Urban natural change Urban crude birth rate (per 1,000) Urban crude death rate (per 1,000) Urban natural change (per 1,000) Rural live births Rural deaths Rural natural change Rural crude birth rate (per 1,000) Rural crude death rate (per 1,000) Rural natural change (per 1,000)
1990 442,869 357,114 85,755 12.7 10.2 2.5 214,333 272,488 −58,155 12.7 16.1 −3.4
1991 419,205 380,988 38,917 11.9 10.8 1.1 211,608 288,972 −77,364 12.6 17.2 −4.6
1992 387,696 401,849 −14,153 11.0 11.4 −0.4 209,089 295,261 −86,172 12.5 17.6 −5.1
1993 356,833 432,462 −75,629 10.1 12.2 −2.1 200,634 309,200 −108,566 12.0 18.5 −6.5
1994 328,522 450,823 −122,301 9.3 12.8 −3.5 193,023 313,846 −120,823 11.6 18.8 −7.2
1995 308,408 476,434 −168,026 8.8 13.6 −4.8 184,453 316,153 −131,700 11.1 19.1 −8.0
1996 291,121 460,805 −169,684 8.4 13.3 −4.9 176,090 315,912 −139,822 10.7 19.2 −8.5
1997 274,961 444,446 −169,485 8.0 13.0 −5.0 167,620 309,705 −142,805 10.2 18.9 −8.7
1998 258,724 425,521 −166,797 7.6 12.6 −5.0 160,514 294,433 −133,919 9.9 18.1 −8.2
1999 239,408 439,986 −200,578 7.1 13.1 −6.0 149,800 299,184 −149,384 9.3 18.5 −9.2
2000 238,014 457,069 −219,055 7.2 13.8 −6.6 147,112 301,013 −153,901 9.2 18.8 −9.6
2001 237,228 450,329 −213,101 7.2 13.8 −6.6 139,250 295,623 −156,373 8.7 18.6 −9.9
2002 248,877 454,406 −205,529 7.7 14.0 −6.3 141,811 300,505 −158,694 9.0 19.1 −10.1
2003 266,415 459,965 −193,550 8.3 14.3 −6.0 142,174 305,443 −163,269 9.1 19.6 −10.5
2004 284,361 460,492 −176,131 8.9 14.4 −5.5 142,898 300,769 −157,871 9.3 19.6 −10.3
2005 284,257 471,561 −187,304 8.9 14.8 −5.9 141,829 310,400 −168,571 9.4 20.5 −11.1
2006 306,635 461,774 −155,139 9.6 14.5 −4.9 153,733 296,318 −142,585 10.3 19.8 −9.5
2007 314,065 466,253 −152,188 9.9 14.7 −4.8 158,592 296,624 −138,032 10.7 20.1 −9.4
2008 340,594 462,897 −122,303 10.8 14.6 −3.8 169,995 291,563 −121,568 11.6 19.9 −8.3
2009 339,497 432,294 −92,797 10.8 13.7 −2.9 173,028 274,445 −101,417 11.9 18.9 −7.0
2010 326,587 431,130 −104,543 10.4 13.7 −3.3 171,102 267,105 −96,003 11.9 18.6 −6.7
2011 328,934 411,025 −82,091 10.5 13.1 −2.3 173,661 253,563 −79,902 12.1 17.7 −5.6
2012 341,599 411,787 −70,788 10.9 13.1 −2.2 179,106 251,352 −72,246 12.6 17.7 −5.1
2013 330,284412,552−82,268 10.513.1−2.6 173,372 249,816 −76,444 12.3 17.7 −5.4
2014 304,190391,739−87,549 10.213.2−3.0 161,692 240,557 −78,865 12.2 18.1 −5.9
2015 266,082358,749−92,667 10.413.2−2.8 145,699 236,047 −90,348 11.3 18.0 −6.7
2016 258,688354,634−95,946 10.013.2−3.2 138,349 228,997 −90,648 10.8 17.6 −6.8

Note: Data excludes Crimea starting in 2014.[12]

The natural population growth of Ukraine since 1950.[13][14][15]
  Birth rate
  Death rate
  Natural growth rate

Current vital statistics

  • Number of births for January–June 2017 = Decrease 176,821
  • Number of births for January–June 2018 = Decrease 164,287
  • Number of deaths for January–June 2017 = Positive decrease 298,133
  • Number of deaths for January–June 2018 = Positive decrease 298,017
  • Natural increase from January–June 2017 = Decrease –121,312
  • Natural increase from January–June 2018 = Decrease −133,730

Note: Starting 2014 territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone are not included in Demographics of Ukraine. These territories are included to the Demographics of Russia. All datas from State Statistics Service of Ukraine. [16]

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy at birth in Ukraine by oblast in 2012
  • total population: 71.37 Increase years
  • male: 66.34 Increase years
  • female: 76.22 Increase years (2013 official)

Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[17]

Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 61.83
1955–1960 Increase 67.11
1960–1965 Increase 69.69
1965–1970 Increase 70.66
1970–1975 Decrease 70.57
1975–1980 Decrease 69.65
1980–1985 Decrease 69.15
1985–1990 Increase 70.55
1990–1995 Decrease 68.72
1995–2000 Decrease 67.36
2000–2005 Increase 67.46
2005–2010 Increase 67.89
2010–2015 Increase 71.12

Total fertility rate

  • 6.00 Decrease children born/woman (1913 est.)
  • 5.39 Decrease children born/woman (1925 est.)
  • 1.08 Decrease children born/woman (2001)
  • 1.46 Increase children born/woman (2011)
  • 1.53 Increase children born/woman (2012)
  • 1.51 Decrease children born/woman (2013)

In 2001 Ukraine recorded the lowest fertility rate ever recorded in Europe for an independent country: 1.08 child/woman. During this year the number of children born was less than half of that born in 1987. Lower rates were recorded only in former East Germany, which registered 0.77 child/woman in 1994, as well as Taiwan (from 2008 to 2010), and both Hong Kong and Macau (from about 2000 to 2010). After neglect by the Kuchma administration, both the Yushchenko and the Yanukovych governments have made increasing the birth rate a priority.

Demographic statistics


Birth data by oblast

Note: Recent data for Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts has been affected by the War in Donbass, and may only include births within the government-held parts of the oblasts.[18]

Number of births by oblast for January–NovemberBirth/2016Birth/2015Death/2016Death/2015
Kiev Kyiv City33416 Increase32382 Increase27772 Increase27767 Increase
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast28473 Decrease30620 Decrease47934 Decrease49258 Increase
 Lviv Oblast25708 Increase25007 Decrease29247 Decrease30010 Increase
 Odessa Oblast24246 Decrease25182 Decrease30479 Decrease31512 Increase
 Kharkiv Oblast21992 Decrease22864 Decrease38502 Decrease38965 Increase
 Donetsk Oblast17772 Increase15608 Decrease33464 Decrease36883 Decrease
 Kiev Oblast17559 Decrease18485 Decrease25623 Decrease26046 Increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast14862 Decrease15525 Decrease13880 Decrease14164 Increase
 Rivne Oblast14454 Decrease14809 Decrease13261 Decrease13426 Increase
 Zaporizhia Oblast14430 Decrease15140 Decrease25533 Decrease25657 Increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast14153 Decrease15126 Decrease22521 Decrease23237 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast13547 Decrease14412 Decrease15616 Decrease16144 Increase
 Volyn Oblast12047 Decrease12307 Decrease12311 Decrease12602 Increase
 Zhytomyr Oblast11958 Decrease12526 Decrease18301 Decrease19085 Decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast11793 Decrease12768 Decrease18097 Decrease18702 Increase
 Poltava Oblast11503 Decrease12381 Decrease22084 Decrease22440 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast9904 Decrease10626 Decrease15834 Decrease16316 Increase
 Kherson Oblast9877 Decrease10476 Decrease14891 Decrease15055 Increase
 Cherkasy Oblast9721 Decrease10560 Decrease18437 Increase18315 Decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast9461 Decrease9851 Decrease10399 Decrease10738 Increase
 Ternopil Oblast9177 Decrease9912 Decrease13584 Decrease13962 Increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast8189 Decrease8662 Decrease14810 Increase14809 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast8169 Decrease8959 Decrease16982 Decrease17322 Decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast7816 Decrease8359 Decrease17515 Decrease18199 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast5960 Increase4978 Decrease12689 Decrease13401 Decrease
Number of births by oblastBirth/2014Birth/2013Birth/2012Birth/2011Death/2014Death/2013Death/2012Death/2011
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast36497 Increase36134 Decrease37087 Increase36116 Increase52722 Increase51134 Decrease51486 Decrease52106 Decrease
 Donetsk Oblast35595 Decrease41034 Decrease42839 Increase41720 Increase71799 Increase69345 Decrease70496 Decrease71042 Decrease
Kiev Kyiv City34821 Increase33305 Decrease33887 Increase32068 Decrease29992 Increase28003 Increase27840 Increase27050 Decrease
 Lviv Oblast30270 Increase29542 Decrease30220 Increase28904 Increase32450 Increase31666 Decrease31667 Increase31162 Decrease
 Odessa Oblast29465 Increase29075 Decrease30384 Increase29225 Increase34155 Increase33523 Decrease33648 Decrease33688 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast27690 Increase26700 Decrease27244 Increase26317 Increase41891 Increase39465 Decrease40130 Increase40079 Decrease
 Kiev Oblast20900 Increase20511 Decrease20966 Increase20083 Increase28264 Increase27198 Increase27161 Increase26847 Decrease
 Zaporizhia Oblast18713 Increase18134 Decrease18882 Increase18198 Increase27773 Increase26498 Increase26406 Decrease27033 Decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast18377 Decrease18490 Decrease18968 Increase18460 Increase14808 Increase14801 Decrease14813 Increase14588 Decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast17547 Increase17437 Decrease18339 Increase17894 Increase25567 Increase25453 Increase25158 Decrease25376 Decrease
 Rivne Oblast17169 Decrease17445 Decrease18316 Increase17697 Increase14714 Increase14556 Increase14302 Increase14168 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast16886 Increase16716 Decrease17101 Increase16497 Increase17670 Increase17358 Increase16801 Increase16657 Decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast15115 Increase15001 Decrease15486 Increase15154 Increase21185 Increase20859 Increase20685 Increase20417 Decrease
 Volyn Oblast14668 Decrease14700 Decrease15346 Increase14620 Decrease13748 Increase13666 Decrease13710 Decrease13842 Decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast14631 Increase14548 Decrease14881 Increase14492 Increase20408 Decrease20581 Increase20362 Increase20116 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast14504 Increase14296 Decrease14635 Increase14167 Decrease24784 Increase24358 Increase24223 Decrease24384 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast13076 Increase13043 Decrease13515 Increase13029 Increase17750 Increase17353 Increase17277 Decrease17441 Decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast12351 Increase12100 Decrease12798 Increase12473 Increase20800 Increase20477 Decrease20667 Decrease20848 Decrease
 Kherson Oblast12308 Increase12300 Decrease12643 Increase12085 Decrease16141 Increase16048 Increase15904 Increase15828 Decrease
 Ternopil Oblast11717 Decrease11807 Decrease12202 Increase11964 Increase15180 Increase14682 Decrease14838 Increase14829 Decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast11679 Increase11465 Decrease11592 Increase11281 Increase11619 Increase11520 Increase11321 Decrease11192 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast11442 Decrease20531 Decrease21743 Increase21320 Increase22755 Decrease35822 Decrease36316 Decrease37256 Decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast10576 Increase10562 Decrease11029 Increase10578 Increase16716 Increase16513 Decrease16521 Decrease16697 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast10344 Decrease10411 Decrease11093 Increase10473 Increase19452 Increase19219 Increase19002 Increase18833 Decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast9552 Decrease9852 Decrease10222 Increase10134 Increase20324 Increase19909 Decrease20208 Increase20179 Decrease
Birth rate by oblastBirth/2014Birth/2013Birth/2012Birth/2011Death/2014Death/2013Death/2012Death/2011
 Rivne Oblast14.8 Decrease15.1 Decrease15.9 Increase15.3 Increase12.7 Increase12.6 Increase12.4 Increase12.3 Decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast14.6 Decrease14.7 Decrease15.1 Increase14.8 Increase11.8 Steady11.8 Steady11.8 Increase11.7 Decrease
 Volyn Oblast14.1 Steady14.1 Decrease14.8 Increase14.1 Decrease13.2 Increase13.1 Decrease13.2 Decrease13.3 Decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast12.9 Increase12.6 Decrease12.8 Increase12.5 Increase12.8 Increase12.7 Increase12.5 Increase12.4 Decrease
 Odessa Oblast12.3 Increase12.1 Decrease12.7 Increase12.2 Increase14.3 Increase14.0 Decrease14.1 Steady14.1 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast12.2 Increase12.1 Decrease12.4 Increase12.0 Increase12.8 Increase12.6 Increase12.2 Increase12.1 Decrease
 Kiev Oblast12.1 Increase11.9 Decrease12.2 Increase11.7 Increase16.4 Decrease15.8 Steady15.8 Increase15.6 Decrease
Kiev Kyiv City12.1 Increase11.7 Decrease12.0 Increase11.4 Decrease10.4 Increase9.8 Steady9.8 Increase9.6 Decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast12.0 Increase11.9 Decrease12.2 Increase11.9 Increase16.8 Increase16.5 Increase16.3 Increase16.0 Decrease
 Lviv Oblast11.9 Increase11.6 Decrease11.9 Increase11.4 Increase12.8 Increase12.4 Decrease12.5 Increase12.3 Decrease
 Kherson Oblast11.5 Increase11.4 Decrease11.7 Increase11.1 Decrease15.1 Increase14.9 Increase14.7 Increase14.6 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast11.2 Increase11.1 Decrease11.5 Increase11.0 Increase15.2 Increase14.8 Increase14.7 Decrease14.8 Decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast11.2 Increase11.1 Decrease11.3 Increase11.0 Increase15.6 Decrease15.7 Increase15.5 Increase15.2 Decrease
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast11.1 Increase11.0 Decrease11.2 Increase10.9 Increase16.0 Increase15.5 Steady15.5 Decrease15.7 Decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast10.9 Increase10.8 Decrease11.2 Increase10.9 Increase15.9 Increase15.7 Increase15.4 Decrease15.5 Decrease
 Ternopil Oblast10.9 Decrease11.0 Decrease11.3 Increase11.1 Increase14.2 Increase13.7 Decrease13.8 Increase13.7 Decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast10.8 Increase10.7 Decrease11.0 Increase10.5 Increase17.0 Increase16.7 Increase16.5 Decrease16.6 Decrease
 Zaporizhia Oblast10.6 Increase10.2 Decrease10.6 Increase10.1 Increase15.7 Increase14.9 Increase14.8 Decrease15.0 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast10.1 Increase9.8 Decrease9.9 Increase9.6 Increase15.3 Increase14.4 Decrease14.6 Steady14.6 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast10.0 Increase9.8 Decrease9.9 Increase9.5 Steady17.1 Increase16.7 Increase16.5 Increase16.4 Decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast9.8 Increase9.6 Decrease10.1 Increase9.8 Increase16.5 Increase16.2 Steady16.2 Decrease16.3 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast9.2 Steady9.2 Decrease9.7 Increase9.1 Increase17.2 Increase16.9 Increase16.6 Increase16.3 Decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast9.0 Decrease9.2 Decrease9.4 Increase9.3 Increase19.2 Increase18.6 Decrease18.7 Increase18.5 Decrease
 Donetsk Oblast8.2 Decrease9.4 Decrease9.8 Increase9.5 Increase16.6 Increase15.9 Decrease16.1 Steady16.1 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast5.1 Decrease9.1 Decrease9.6 Increase9.3 Increase10.2 Decrease15.9 Decrease16.0 Decrease16.3 Decrease

Year in review 2013

Compared to 2012, amount of attrition increased by 16,278 persons, or 3.1 to 3.5 persons per 1,000 inhabitants real. Natural decrease was observed in 23 oblasts of the country, while natural increases were recorded only in the capital Kiev, Zakarpattya, Rivne and Volyn oblast (respectively 5,302, 3,689, 2,889 and 1,034 people).

Some regions registered a low natural decline, such as Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Sevastopol, Lviv, Ternopil, Crimea, Kherson and Odessa (respectively, −55, −642, −863, −2,124, −2,875, −2,974, −3,748 and −4,448 people). The largest declines were recorded in Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipro, Kharkiv, Poltava and Chernihiv (respectively −28,311, −15,291, −15,007, −12,765, −10,062 and −10,057), regions which have in common a low birth rate and high mortality of a large urban population and a strong rural population aging.

Net migration rate

−5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015).

Infant mortality rate

  • 9.1 Decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,564 deaths. (2010)
  • 9.0 Decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,511 deaths. (2011)
  • 8.4 Decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,371 deaths. (2012)
  • 8.0 Decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 4,030 deaths. (2013)
  • 8.9 Increase deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,193 death for January–June 2011
  • 8.6 Decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 2,190 death for January–June 2012
  • 7.8 Decrease deaths/1,000 infants live births for 1,993 deaths for January–June 2013[19]
Infant mortality by oblastDeath/2012Death/2011Death/2010Death/2009
 Donetsk Oblast540 Increase473 Decrease497 Decrease533 Steady
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast370 Increase343 Decrease347 Increase329 Decrease
 Odessa Oblast267 Decrease268 Increase263 Decrease280 Decrease
Kiev Kyiv City262 Increase255 Increase233 Decrease244 Decrease
 Lviv Oblast233 Decrease272 Increase266 Increase238 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast203 Decrease234 Decrease243 Decrease252 Decrease
 Zakarpattia Oblast168 Decrease195 Decrease199 Decrease238 Increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast166 Decrease186 Increase148 Decrease149 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast165 Decrease188 Decrease199 Decrease252 Decrease
 Zaporizhia Oblast154 Decrease169 Decrease182 Increase174 Decrease
 Rivne Oblast147 Decrease156 Decrease158 Decrease164 Increase
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast134 Increase89 Decrease109 Decrease174 Increase
 Zhytomyr Oblast124 Decrease134 Decrease135 Increase127 Increase
 Cherkasy Oblast122 Increase101 Decrease125 Decrease132 Decrease
 Kiev Oblast119 Decrease143 Increase140 Decrease146 Increase
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast109 Decrease145 Decrease170 Increase157 Decrease
 Volyn Oblast106 Decrease116 Decrease123 Increase118 Increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast103 Decrease139 Increase112 Decrease119 Decrease
 Kherson Oblast100 Decrease120 Increase116 Decrease136 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast97 Steady97 Decrease104 Decrease112 Increase
 Ternopil Oblast97 Increase96 Decrease98 Increase93 Decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast94 Increase80 Decrease82 Decrease103 Increase
 Chernivtsi Oblast92 Decrease96 Increase90 Decrease91 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast85 Decrease86 Decrease87 Decrease105 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast76 Decrease78 Decrease97 Increase91 Decrease
Infant mortality per 1,000 by OblastDeath/2012Death/2011Death/2010Death/2009
 Donetsk Oblast12.7 Increase11.4 Decrease12.0 Decrease12.3 Increase
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast10.0 Increase9.5 Decrease9.7 Increase8.8 Decrease
 Cherkasy Oblast9.6 Increase8.1 Decrease10.0 Decrease10.5 Decrease
 Kirovohrad Oblast9.4 Decrease13.2 Increase10.6 Decrease10.9 Decrease
 Chernihiv Oblast9.2 Increase7.9 Decrease8.1 Decrease9.9 Increase
 Vinnytsia Oblast9.1 Decrease10.4 Increase8.4 Decrease8.3 Decrease
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast9.0 Increase6.2 Decrease7.5 Decrease11.8 Increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast8.9 Decrease10.6 Decrease10.9 Decrease13.1 Increase
 Odessa Oblast8.8 Decrease9.2 Steady9.2 Decrease9.7 Decrease
 Zaporizhia Oblast8.2 Decrease9.3 Decrease10.1 Increase9.4 Decrease
 Rivne Oblast8.1 Decrease8.9 Decrease9.2 Decrease9.4 Increase
 Kherson Oblast8.0 Decrease9.9 Increase9.4 Decrease11.0 Decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast8.0 Decrease8.9 Decrease9.1 Increase8.5 Increase
 Chernivtsi Oblast8.0 Decrease8.5 Increase8.2 Steady8.2 Decrease
 Ternopil Oblast8.0 Steady8.0 Decrease8.2 Increase7.5 Decrease
 Lviv Oblast7.8 Decrease9.4 Increase9.2 Decrease8.0 Decrease
Kiev Kyiv City7.8 Decrease8.0 Increase7.3 Decrease7.5 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast7.6 Decrease8.8 Decrease9.4 Decrease11.6 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast7.5 Decrease8.9 Decrease9.2 Decrease9.3 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast7.3 Decrease7.5 Decrease8.1 Decrease8.5 Increase
 Volyn Oblast7.0 Decrease7.9 Decrease8.2 Increase7.7 Increase
 Sumy Oblast6.9 Decrease7.5 Decrease9.3 Increase8.5 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast6.4 Decrease8.8 Increase10.3 Increase9.1 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast5.8 Decrease6.1 Steady6.1 Decrease7.1 Decrease
 Kiev Oblast5.7 Decrease7.2 Increase7.0 Decrease7.1 Decrease

Total fertility rate by oblast

Fertility rate in Ukraine by oblast in 2011

Although none of the oblasts in 2013 has recorded a higher fertility rate 2.10 children per woman. However, the rate has been in rural areas in the Rivne Oblast (2.50) and the Volyn Oblast (2.20). While a very close generational renewal rate was achieved in the Odessa Oblast (2.04), Zakarpattia Oblast (2.00), Mykolaiv Oblast (1.95), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.93) and Zhytomyr Oblast (1.91) weaker when they have been recorded in the Luhansk oblast (1.41), Sumy oblast (1.47) and Cherkasy Oblast (1.53).

The fertility rate of the highest urban areas were recorded in the Zakarpattia Oblast (1.80), the city of Sevastopol (1.57), Volyn Oblast (1.56), Kiev Oblast (1.56) and the Rivne Oblast (1.54). The lowest rates were recorded in the Sumy Oblast (1.23), Kharkiv Oblast (1.26), Cherkasy Oblast (1.28), Chernihiv Oblast (1.28), Chernivtsi Oblast (1.28), Luhansk oblast (1.28), Poltava oblast (1.29), Donetsk oblast (1.29) and Zaporizhia Oblast (1.32).

Children born per woman by oblastTotal fertility rate/2013Total fertility rate/2012Total fertility rate/2011Total fertility rate/2010
 Rivne Oblast2.00 Decrease2.08 Increase1.99 Increase1.93 Increase
 Zakarpattia Oblast1.93 Decrease1.95 Increase1.90 Increase1.83 Steady
 Volyn Oblast1.86 Decrease1.92 Increase1.81 Decrease1.85 Decrease
 Zhytomyr Oblast1.68 Decrease1.71 Increase1.65 Increase1.61 Increase
 Odessa Oblast1.65 Decrease1.71 Increase1.62 Increase1.58 Steady
 Kiev Oblast1.64 Decrease1.67 Increase1.58 Steady1.58 Decrease
 Chernivtsi Oblast1.63 Decrease1.64 Increase1.58 Increase1.53 Steady
 Khmelnytskyi Oblast1.61 Decrease1.62 Increase1.56 Increase1.55 Decrease
 Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast1.60 Decrease1.63 Increase1.55 Decrease1.58 Decrease
 Kherson Oblast1.60 Decrease1.61 Increase1.51 Steady1.51 Increase
 Kirovohrad Oblast1.57 Decrease1.61 Increase1.51 Increase1.50 Increase
 Lviv Oblast1.55 Decrease1.58 Increase1.49 Decrease1.50 Decrease
 Mykolaiv Oblast1.55 Decrease1.57 Increase1.47 Increase1.44 Decrease
 Vinnytsia Oblast1.53 Decrease1.59 Increase1.53 Increase1.50 Decrease
 Ukraine1.51 Decrease1.53 Increase1.46 Increase1.45 Decrease
 Dnipropetrovsk Oblast1.51 Decrease1.52 Increase1.44 Increase1.43 Decrease
 Ternopil Oblast1.48 Decrease1.50 Increase1.45 Decrease1.46 Decrease
 Zaporizhia Oblast1.43 Decrease1.46 Increase1.37 Increase1.34 Decrease
 Poltava Oblast1.40 Decrease1.41 Increase1.33 Decrease1.34 Increase
 Cherkasy Oblast1.38 Decrease1.43 Increase1.37 Increase1.36 Increase
 Chernihiv Oblast1.37 Decrease1.40 Increase1.36 Steady1.36 Increase
Kiev Kyiv City1.36 Decrease1.38 Increase1.29 Decrease1.30 Steady
 Donetsk Oblast1.32 Decrease1.34 Increase1.27 Increase1.26 Decrease
 Kharkiv Oblast1.32 Steady1.32 Increase1.25 Increase1.24 Decrease
 Sumy Oblast1.30 Decrease1.36 Increase1.25 Increase1.23 Decrease
 Luhansk Oblast1.30 Decrease1.33 Increase1.27 Increase1.23 Decrease

Other demographics statistics

Population pyramid in 2016
Population change, 1970–2010
Population change, 1970–1979
Population change, 1989–2001
Population change, 1989–2012
Population change of urban settlements, 1970–1989
Population change of urban settlements, 1989–2010

The population of Ukraine has undergone a major crisis since the 1990s. This is mainly because of the high death rate and a very low birth rate. The country’s population is shrinking by over 150,000 people every year. However, things have changed a little since the year 2000. The birth rate, which was previously very low, has risen recently.[20]

The fertility rate, however, is fairly low: 1.29 children born/woman. The death rate of almost 15 deaths/1000 persons is higher than the birth rate, which is almost 9.59 births/1000 population.[20]

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review.[20]

  • One birth every 1 minutes
  • One death every 48 seconds
  • Net loss of one person every 2 minutes
  • One net migrant every 26 minutes

Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[21]

Population
44,033,874 (July 2017 est.)
Decrease 45,426,249 (1 January 2013)[22]
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.76% (male 3,571,358/female 3,366,380)
15-24 years: 9.86% (male 2,226,142/female 2,114,853)
25-54 years: 44.29% (male 9,579,149/female 9,921,387)
55-64 years: 13.8% (male 2,605,849/female 3,469,246)
65 years and over: 16.3% (male 2,409,049/female 4,770,461) (2017 est.)
0–14 years: 15.1% Increase = 6,449,171 (2015 official.)
15–64 years: 69.3% Decrease = 29,634,710
65 years and over: 15.6% Increase = 6,675,780
0–14 years: 14.8% Decrease = 6,989,802
15–64 years: 69.2% Steady = 32,603,475
65 years and over: 16.0% Increase = 7,507,185 (2005 official.)
0–14 years: 21.6% Decrease = 11,101,469
15–64 years: 66.7% Decrease = 34,320,742
65 years and over: 11.7% Increase = 6,022,934 (1989 official.)
Total fertility rate
1.54 children born/woman (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 191st
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.9 years (2014 est.)
Median age
total: 40.6 years. Country comparison to the world: 48th
male: 37.4 years
female: 43.7 years (2017 est.)
  • total: 39.8 years
  • male: 39.7 years
  • female: 40.1 years (2014 official)
  • total: 39.7 years
  • male: 39.5 years
  • female: 40.1 years (2013 official)
  • total: 34.8 years
  • male: 31.9 years
  • female: 37.7 years (1989 official)
Population growth rate
-0.41% (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 220th
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.1 years Country comparison to the world: 150th
male: 67.4 years
female: 77.1 years (2017 est.)
Birth rate
10.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 189th
Death rate
14.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Net migration rate
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 100th
Ethnic groups

Ukrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 est.)

Languages

Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.)
Note: in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" - allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions - was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide

Religions

Orthodox (includes Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox (UAOC), Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP), Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP)), Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, Jewish
Note: Ukraine's population is overwhelmingly Christian; the vast majority - up to two-thirds - identify themselves as Orthodox, but many do not specify a particular branch; the UOC-KP and the UOC-MP each represent less than a quarter of the country's population, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church accounts for 8-10%, and the UAOC accounts for 1-2%; Muslim and Jewish adherents each compose less than 1% of the total population (2013 est.)

Urbanization
urban population: 69.4% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: -0.33% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2014)
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 22.4% Country comparison to the world: 56th
male: 22.7%
female: 21.9% (2015 est.)

Statistic rate of regional capitals

Birth rate in

regional centers

 Birth/2012Birth/2011Birth/2010Birth/2009Birth/2007Birth/2005Birth/2003
Simferopol 13.6 Increase12.8 Increase11.8 Steady11.8 Increase11.0 Increase9.5 Increase9.2 Increase
Lutsk 12.6 Increase12.3 Decrease12.6 Decrease13.9 Increase12.6 Increase11.7 Increase10.0 Increase
Rivne 12.6 Increase12.0 Increase11.8 Decrease12.3 Increase10.9 Increase10.1 Decrease9.4 Increase
Uzhhorod 12.1 Increase11.9 Decrease12.0 Decrease12.4 Increase12.8 Increase12.6 Increase10.8 Decrease
Kiev 12.0 Increase11.4 Decrease11.5 Decrease11.7 Increase10.4 Increase9.8 Increase8.8 Increase
Khmelnytskyi 12.0 Increase11.2 Decrease11.8 Increase11.5 Increase10.4 Steady10.2 Increase9.2 Increase
Sevastopol 12.0 Increase11.1 Increase11.0 Decrease11.2 Increase10.5 Increase9.6 Increase8.7 Increase
Kherson 11.9 Increase11.1 Increase10.1 Increase10.5 Increase9.6 Steady8.6 Decrease8.5 Increase
Ternopil 11.8 Decrease12.2 Increase11.7 Decrease12.3 Increase11.9 Increase11.6 Increase10.4 Increase
Ivano-Frankivsk 11.6 Steady11.6 Increase10.1 Decrease10.8 Decrease11.3 Increase10.7 Increase9.3 Increase
Vinnytsia 11.5 Increase11.2 Increase10.9 Decrease11.1 Increase10.1 Increase9.4 Increase9.1 Increase
Kropyvnytskyi 11.5 Increase11.1 Increase10.5 Decrease11.3 Decrease10.5 Increase8.9 Increase8.4 Decrease
Zhytomyr 11.4 Decrease11.5 Increase10.8 Decrease11.7 Increase10.6 Increase9.5 Increase8.7 Increase
Sumy 11.3 Increase10.3 Increase10.0 Decrease10.3 Decrease9.6 Increase8.2 Increase7.8 Increase
Lviv 11.0 Increase10.4 Increase10.0 Decrease10.5 Increase9.7 Increase9.3 Decrease9.0 Increase
Ukraine Urban 10.9 Increase10.5 Increase10.4 Decrease10.8 Steady9.9 Increase8.9 Steady8.3 Increase
Dnipro 10.5 Increase10.2 Increase10.0 Decrease10.5 Steady9.4 Increase8.5 Increase7.9 Increase
Luhansk 10.5 Increase9.8 Increase8.8 Decrease9.2 Decrease8.2 Increase7.4 Decrease6.8 Increase
Chernivtsi 10.2 Decrease10.3 Increase10.1 Decrease10.2 Decrease9.2 Increase9.6 Increase8.3 Increase
Odessa 10.1 Increase9.8 Increase9.6 Decrease9.9 Decrease9.0 Increase8.3 Increase7.5 Decrease
Cherkasy 9.9 Increase9.4 Steady9.4 Steady9.4 Decrease8.7 Increase7.8 Steady7.4 Decrease
Poltava 9.9 Increase9.1 Increase8.8 Decrease9.7 Decrease8.4 Increase7.8 Increase7.3 Increase
Zaporizhia 9.5 Increase9.2 Steady9.2 Decrease9.3 Decrease8.9 Increase8.2 Increase7.5 Decrease
Mykolaiv 9.4 Increase9.3 Increase9.1 Decrease9.4 Decrease8.7 Increase8.0 Decrease7.9 Increase
Chernihiv 9.3 Increase9.2 Increase9.1 Decrease9.6 Steady8.4 Increase8.0 Increase7.6 Increase
Kharkiv 9.2 Increase8.9 Increase8.8 Decrease9.2 Decrease8.4 Increase7.6 Increase7.1 Increase
Donetsk 9.1 Increase8.7 Increase8.6 Decrease9.0 Decrease8.2 Increase7.5 Increase6.6 Increase
Death rate in

regional centers

 Death/2012Death/2011Death/2010Death/2009Death/2007Death/2005Death/2003
Kherson 15.2 Decrease15.6 Increase14.0 Decrease14.2 Decrease14.9 Decrease14.8 Decrease14.5 Decrease
Luhansk 14.2 Decrease14.3 Increase13.6 Increase13.4 Decrease13.8 Decrease14.2 Decrease14.1 Increase
Simferopol 14.0 Decrease14.8 Increase13.6 Decrease13.8 Decrease15.3 Increase15.3 Increase15.2 Decrease
Sevastopol 13.7 Decrease14.1 Decrease14.7 Increase14.5 Decrease15.5 Increase15.4 Increase14.1 Increase
Kropyvnytskyi 13.7 Steady13.7 Decrease13.8 Decrease14.0 Decrease14.4 Increase14.1 Decrease14.1 Increase
Dnipro 13.5 Decrease13.7 Decrease14.1 Increase13.8 Decrease15.1 Decrease15.1 Decrease16.0 Decrease
Donetsk 13.4 Decrease13.5 Decrease14.0 Increase13.9 Decrease15.2 Decrease15.4 Increase14.7 Increase
Zaporizhia 13.2 Decrease13.4 Decrease14.2 Increase13.8 Decrease15.0 Increase14.7 Increase14.2 Decrease
Ukraine Urban 13.1 Steady13.1 Decrease13.7 Steady13.7 Decrease14.7 Increase14.8 Increase14.3 Increase
Mykolaiv 12.8 Steady12.8 Decrease13.8 Steady13.8 Decrease14.5 Decrease14.5 Decrease14.9 Increase
Poltava 12.8 Increase12.6 Decrease13.2 Increase13.0 Decrease13.7 Increase13.6 Decrease13.6 Increase
Sumy 12.1 Increase11.9 Decrease12.4 Decrease12.6 Decrease13.0 Decrease13.1 Increase11.9 Decrease
Kharkiv 12.0 Increase11.8 Decrease12.4 Increase12.2 Decrease13.1 Increase13.1 Increase13.0 Decrease
Odessa 11.9 Decrease12.2 Decrease13.0 Increase12.5 Decrease13.9 Increase14.1 Decrease14.0 Decrease
Cherkasy 11.2 Increase10.7 Decrease11.3 Increase11.2 Decrease11.7 Decrease11.7 Increase11.0 Decrease
Chernihiv 11.4 Increase11.1 Decrease12.0 Increase11.8 Decrease12.5 Decrease12.4 Increase12.0 Decrease
Lviv 11.0 Increase10.8 Increase10.5 Decrease10.8 Decrease11.5 Increase11.4 Decrease11.5 Increase
Zhytomyr 10.7 Decrease10.9 Decrease11.2 Increase11.1 Decrease12.0 Steady12.2 Increase11.4 Increase
Uzhhorod 10.3 Increase10.2 Decrease10.5 Decrease11.3 Decrease12.0 Decrease12.4 Increase10.3 Increase
Kiev 9.8 Increase9.6 Decrease10.3 Increase10.2 Decrease11.4 Increase11.2 Increase10.7 Increase
Lutsk 9.6 Increase9.4 Decrease9.6 Increase9.1 Decrease10.4 Increase10.2 Decrease10.5 Increase
Chernivtsi 9.5 Increase9.4 Decrease9.9 Decrease10.3 Decrease11.0 Decrease11.0 Increase10.8 Increase
Khmelnytskyi 9.4 Increase8.8 Decrease9.0 Decrease9.5 Increase9.8 Decrease9.8 Increase9.2 Increase
Vinnytsia 9.1 Increase9.0 Decrease9.2 Steady9.2 Decrease10.2 Increase10.2 Decrease10.0 Increase
Ivano-Frankivsk 9.1 Increase8.7 Increase8.2 Decrease8.5 Decrease9.1 Decrease9.3 Decrease9.3 Increase
Ternopil 8.1 Increase7.6 Decrease8.1 Increase7.7 Decrease8.5 Decrease8.5 Increase7.7 Decrease
Rivne 7.9 Increase7.8 Decrease8.7 Increase8.6 Decrease9.0 Increase9.2 Increase8.8 Decrease

Ethnic groups

National structure of the population of Ukraine (2001).
  Ukrainians
  Russians
  Others

In 2001 year, Ukrainians 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Romanian 1.1% (including Moldovan 0.8%), Belarusian 0.6%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, Pontic Greeks 0.2% and other 1.6% (including Muslim Bulgarians, otherwise known as Torbesh and a microcosm of Swedes of Gammalsvenskby).[23]

Ethnic Ukrainians in Ukraine by raions (2001 census)
Largest ethnicity in Ukraine's cities and raions according to 2001 census. Legend colors: Ukrainians, Russians, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Moldovans, Romanians

Before World War II

Population of the Ukrainian SSR according to ethnic group 1926–1939
Ethnic
group		 census 19261 census 19392
Number % Number %
Ukrainians 23,218,860 80.0 23,667,509 76.5
Russians 2,677,166 9.2 4,175,299 13.5
Jews 1,574,428 5.4 1,532,776 5.0
Germans 393,924 1.4 392,458 1.3
Poles 476,435 1.6 357,710 1.2
Moldavians / Romanians 257,794 0.9 230,698 0.8
Belarusians 75,842 0.3 158,174 0.5
Pontic Greeks 104,666 0.4 107,047 0.4
Bulgarians 99,278 0.3 83,838 0.3
Tatars 22,281 0.1 55,456 0.2
Romani 13,578 0.0 10,443 0.0
Others 103,935 0.4 174,810 0.6
Total 29,018,187 30,946,218
1 Source: .

After World War II

Population of Ukraine according to ethnic group 1959-2001
Ethnic
group		 census 19591 census 19702 census 19793 census 19894 census 20015
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Ukrainians 32,158,493 76.8 35,283,857 74.9 36,488,951 73.6 37,419,053 72.7 37,541,693 77.5
Russians 7,090,813 16.9 9,126,331 19.4 10,471,602 21.1 11,355,582 22.1 8,334,141 17.2
Belarusians 290,890 0.7 385,847 0.8 406,098 0.8 440,045 0.9 275,763 0.6
Moldovans 241,650 0.8 265,902 0.8 293,576 0.8 324,525 0.9 258,619 0.8
Crimean Tatars 193 0.0 3,554 0.0 6,636 0.0 46,807 0.1 248,193 0.5
Bulgarians 219,419 0.5 234,390 0.5 238,217 0.5 233,800 0.5 204,574 0.4
Hungarians 149,229 0.4 157,731 0.3 164,373 0.3 163,111 0.3 156,566 0.3
Romanians 100,863 0.3 112,141 0.3 121,795 0.3 134,825 0.3 150,989 0.3
Poles 363,297 0.9 295,107 0.6 258,309 0.5 219,179 0.4 144,130 0.3
Jews 840,311 2.0 777,126 1.7 634,154 1.3 486,628 1.0 104,284 0.2
Armenians 28,024 0.1 33,439 0.1 38,646 0.1 54,200 0.1 99,894 0.2
Greeks 104,359 0.3 106,909 0.2 104,091 0.2 98,594 0.2 91,548 0.2
Tatars 61,334 0.2 72,658 0.2 83,906 0.2 86,875 0.2 73,304 0.2
Romani 22,515 0.1 30,091 0.1 34,411 0.1 47,917 0.1 47,587 0.1
Azerbaijanis 6,680 0.0 10,769 0.0 17,235 0.0 36,961 0.1 45,176 0.1
Georgians 11,574 0.0 14,650 0.0 16,301 0.0 23,540 0.1 34,199 0.1
Germans 23,243 0.1 29,871 0.1 34,139 0.1 37,849 0.1 33,302 0.1
Gagauzs 23,530 0.1 26,464 0.1 29,398 0.1 31,967 0.1 31,923 0.1
Karaites 3,301 0.0 2,596 0.0 1,845 0.0 1,404 0.0 1,196 0.0
Others 129,338 0.3 157,084 0.3 165,650 0.3 209,172 0.4 363,821 1.1
Total 41,869,046 47,126,517 49,609,333 51,452,034 48,240,902
1 Source: . 2 Source: . 3 Source: . 4 Source: . 5 Source: .

Ethnic Groups in Ukraine 2001 [24]

  Ukrainian (77.8%)
  Russian (17.3%)
  Belarusian (0.6%)
  Moldovan (0.5%)
  Crimean Tatar (0.5%)
  Bulgarian (0.4%)
  Hungarian (0.3%)
  Romanian (0.3%)
  Polish (0.3%)
  Jewish (0.2%)
  Other (1.8%)

Languages

According to the latest census that took place, the following languages are common in Ukraine Ukrainian 67.5%, Russian 29.6%, Crimean Tatar, Urum (Turkic Greeks), Bulgarian, Moldovan, Polish, Hungarian. The below table gives the total population of various ethnic groups in Ukraine and the primary language, according to the 2001 census.[23]

Primary language by ethnic group
Ethnic group Population Native Ukrainian Russian Other
Ukrainians 37,541,693 31,970,728 – 5,544,729 532
Russians 8,334,141 7,993,832 328,152 – 402
Moldovans 258,619 181,124 27,775 45,607 1242
Belarusians 275,763 54,573 48,202 172,251 –
Crimean Tatars 248,193 228,373 184 15,208 43
Bulgarians 204,574 131,237 10,277 62,067 9
Hungarians 156,566 149,431 5,367 1,513 14
Romanians 150,989 138,522 9,367 2,297 170
Poles 144,130 18,660 102,268 22,495 390
Jews 103,591 3,213 13,924 85,964 16
Armenians 99,894 50,363 5,798 43,105 11
Greeks 91,548 5,829 4,359 80,992 9
Tatars 73,304 25,770 3,310 43,060 6
Romani people 47,587 21,266 10,039 6,378 6
Azerbaijanis 45,176 23,958 3,224 16,968 36
Georgians 34,199 12,539 2,818 18,589 15
Germans 33,302 4,056 7,360 21,549 20
Gagauzs 31,923 22,822 1,102 7,232 2
Koreans 12,711 2,223 700 9,662 0
Uzbeks 12,353 3,604 1,818 5,996 0
Chuvash 10,593 2,268 564 7,636 1
Mordvinians 9,331 1,473 646 7,168 0
Turks 8,844 7,923 133 567 0
Lithuanians 7,207 1,932 1,029 4,182 4
Arabs 6,575 4,071 897 1,235 0
Slovaks 6,397 2,633 2,665 335 0
Czechs 5,917 1,190 2,503 2,144 2
Kazakhs 5,526 1,041 822 3,470 11
Latvians 5,079 957 872 3,188 1
Ossetians 4,834 1,150 401 3,110 4
Udmurts 4,712 729 380 3,515 0
Lezghinians 4,349 1,507 330 2,341 4
Tadjiks 4,255 1,521 488 1,983 0
Bashkirs 4,253 843 336 2,920 0
Mari people 4,130 1,059 264 2,758 7
Thai 3,850 3,641 29 164 0
Turkmens 3,709 719 1,079 1,392 0
Albanians 3,308 1,740 301 1,181 0
Assyrians 3,143 883 408 1,730 0
Chechens 2,877 1,581 212 977 0
Estonians 2,868 416 321 2,107 4
Chinese people 2,213 1,817 73 307 0
Kurds 2,088 1,173 236 396 0
Darghins 1,610 409 199 955 0
Komis 1,545 330 127 1,046 0
Karelians 1,522 96 145 1,244 1
Avars 1,496 582 121 761 0
Indo-Pakistanis 1,483 1,092 26 192 0
Abkhazians 1,458 317 268 797 0
Karaites 1,196 72 160 931 0
Komi-Permians 1,165 160 79 898 1
Kyrgyz people 1,128 208 221 617 19
Laks 1,019 199 271 514 13
Afghans 1,008 551 60 213 0
other 3,228 1,027 144 790 0
NA 188,639 0 1,108 1,844 1
Native languages according to 2001 census
Ukrainian Russian Romanian and Moldovan
Crimean-tatar Bulgarian Hungarian

Religion

A 2016 survey conducted by the Razumkov Centre found that 70% of the population declared themselves believers in any religion, while 6.3% declared themselves non-believers, and 2.7% declared to be atheists.[25] Of the total Ukraian population, 81.9% declared to be Christians, comprising a 63.4% who declared to be Orthodox, 8.5% Greek Rite Catholics, 7.1% simply christians, 1.9% Protestants, and 1.0% Latin Rite Catholics. Islam comprises 1.1% of the population, while Judaism and Hinduism were the religions of 0.2% of the population each. A further 16.3% of the population believed in some other religion not identifying in one of those listed hitherto; it may comprise Rodnovery and other faiths.[25]

Among those Ukrainians who declared to believe in Orthodoxy, 38.1% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kievan Patriarchate (a body that is not canonically recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church), while 23.0% declared to be members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscovian Patriarchate (which is an autonomous Orthodox church under the Russian Orthodox Church). A further 2.7% were members of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which, like the Kievan Patriarchate, is not recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church.[26] Among the remaining Orthodox Ukrainians, 32.3% declared to be "simply Orthodox", without affiliation to any patriarchate, while a further 3.1% declared that they "did not know" which patriarchate or Orthodox church they belonged to.[25]

Regional differences

Regional differences in population change

Natural population growth rates by oblast (2009).

Between the Soviet census of 1989 and the Ukrainian census of 2001, Ukraine's population declined from 51,706,600 to 48,457,020,[27] a loss of 2,926,700 people or 5.7% of the 1989 population. However, this trend has been quite uneven and varied regionally. Two regions in western Ukraine — Rivne and Zakarpattia, saw slight population increases of .3% and .5% respectively. A third western Ukrainian region, Volyn, lost less than .1% of its population between 1989 and 2001.[27] Collectively, between 1989 and 2001 the seven westernmost regions of Ukraine lost 167,500 people or 1.7% of their 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 9,593,800.[27]

Between 1989 and 2001, the population of Kiev City increased by .3% [27] due to positive net-migration. Outside the capital, the central, southern and eastern regions experienced a severe decline in population. Between 1989 and 2001, the Donetsk region lost 491,300 people or 9.2% of its 1989 population, and neighbouring Luhansk region lost 11% of its population.[27] Chernihiv region, in central Ukraine northeast of Kiev, lost 170,600 people or 12% of its 1989 population, the highest percentage loss in of any region in Ukraine. In southern Ukraine, Odessa region lost 173,600 people, or 6.6% of its 1989 population. By 2001, Crimea's population declined by 29,900 people, representing only 1.4% of the 1989 population.[27]

However, this was due to the influx of approximately 200,000 Crimean Tatars – a number equivalent to approximately 10% of Crimea's 1989 population – who arrived in Crimea after 1989 and whose population in that region increased by a factor of 6.4 from 38,000 to 243,400 between 1989 and 2001.[28] Collectively, the net population loss in the regions of Ukraine outside the westernmost regions was 2,759,200 people or 6.6% of the 1989 population. The total population of these regions in 2001 was 39,186,100.[27]

Thus, from 1989–2001 the pattern of population change was one of slight growth in Kiev, slight declines in western Ukraine, large declines in eastern, central and southern Ukraine and slight decline in Crimea due to a large influx of Crimean Tatars.

Natural population growth
All population, 2012 Urban population, 2009 Rural population, 2009

Regional differences in birth and fertility rates

The birth rate in Ukraine, 2003.
The birth rate in Ukraine, 2010.

Ukraine's total fertility rate is one of the lowest in Europe.[29][30] However, significant regional differences in birth rates may account for some of the demographic differences. In the third quarter of 2007, for instance, the highest birth rate among Ukrainian regions occurred in Volyn Oblast, with a birth rate of 13.4/1,000 people, compared to the Ukrainian country-wide average of 9.6/1,000 people.[31] Volyn's birthrate is higher than the average birth rate of any European country with the exceptions of Iceland and Albania.[32]

In 2007, for the first time since 1990, five Ukrainian regions (Zakarpattia Oblast, Rivne Oblast, Volyn Oblast, Lviv Oblast, and Kiev Oblast) experienced more births than deaths.[33] This demonstrates a positive trend of increasing birthrates in the last couple of years throughout Ukraine. The ratio of births to deaths in those regions in 2007 was 119%, 117%, 110%, 100.7%, and 108%, respectively.[33]

With the exception of Kiev region, all of the regions with more births than deaths were in the less industrially developed regions of western Ukraine. According to a spokesperson for Ukraine's Ministry of Justice, the overall ratio of births to deaths in Ukraine had improved from 1 to 1.7 in 2004–2005 to 1 to 1.4 in 2008. However, the worst birth to death ratios in the country were in the eastern and central oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Cherkasy and Poltava. In these regions, for every birth there were 2.1 deaths.[34]

Notably, western Ukraine never experienced the Holodomor, as Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania ruled it at the time, helping to explain the better demographics there, as the rural population was never devastated. Specifically, during the time of the Holodomor, Poland ruled Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, and Volyn Oblasts, whereas Zakarpattia Oblast was under Czechoslovak rule, and Romania controlled Chernivtsi Oblast and the Budjak section of Odessa Oblast.

Abortion behavior in the North, South, East and Center regions of Ukraine are relatively homogeneous while the Western region differs greatly. Overall, the abortion rate in western Ukraine is three times lower than in other regions; however this is not due to an increased use of modern contraceptive methods in the West, but simply due to the fact that pregnant women in the Western regions are more likely to keep their babies.[35] Donetsk and Dniproptrovsk oblasts in eastern and central Ukraine have the country's highest rate of abortions.[36]

Regional differences and death rates and health

The death rate in Ukraine, 2010.

Death rates also vary widely by region; Eastern and southern Ukraine have the highest death rates in the country, and the life expectancy for children born in Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kherson, Kropyvnytskyi, Luhansk, Mikolaiv, and Odessa regions is 1.5 years lower than the national average.[37]

Ukraine had a suicide rate of 29.6 per 100,000 population in 1998, a significant increase from the suicide rate of 19 per 100,000 in 1988. Suicides are more frequent in the industrially developed regions and in the rural areas of the country than in the cities; In western Ukraine, the suicide rate was lower than the national average at 11.1 per 100,000.[38]

The Southern and eastern Ukrainian regions also suffer from the highest rates of HIV and AIDS, which impacts life expectancy. In late 2000, 60% of all AIDS cases in Ukraine were concentrated in the Odessa, Dnipropetrovsk, and Donetsk regions.[39] A major reason for this is the fact that the urbanized and industrialized regions in the East and South of Ukraine suffered most from the economic crisis in the 1990s, which in turn led to the spread of unemployment, alcoholism, and drug abuse, thus setting the conditions for wider spread of the epidemic.[40]

Regional differences in income

In terms of income, the rural western and central regions of Ukraine are the poorest while Kiev and the industrialized eastern regions of Ukraine are the wealthiest. In December 2010 the average monthly income in Ukraine was 2629 hryvnias. The poorest regions in Ukraine, Volyn and Chernihiv, had monthly incomes of 1995 and 1951 hryvnias, respectively. In contrast, the monthly income in the city of Kiev was 4174 hryvnias per month, the city of Sevastopol 2712 hryvnias per month, and in Kiev region was 2647 per month. Outside of the capital and the city of Sevastopol, the wealthiest regions were Donetsk and Luhansk, whose monthly incomes were 2654 and 2631 hryvnias per month, respectively.[41]

In terms of poverty rates, the western and southern regions of Ukraine (particularly rural areas within those regions) have the country's highest poverty rates while Ukraine's eastern regions have the lowest poverty rates. In 2001, 39 percent of Ukraine's population could be defined as poor when the World Bank's poverty threshold of a dollar per day per capita was used. According to these standards, 49 percent of rural western Ukrainians and 45 percent of urban western Ukrainians were poor. In southern Ukraine, the percentages of poor were 51 and 40 percent, respectively. In contrast, 35% of urban and rural Ukrainians were poor based on per capita income less than one dollar per day in the regions of Eastern Ukraine. When poverty was measured according to the percentage of the population who spent 80% or more of their income on food, regional differences shrank somewhat. In the western regions of Ukraine, 28 percent of rural residents and 9 percent of urban residents spent 80% of their income or more on food. In Ukraine's eastern regions, 19 percent of rural and 11 percent of urban residents spent 80% or more of their income on food.[42]

Urbanization
Urbanization rate, 2011 Population density, 2011 Median population of rural settlements, 2011

Migration

Migration growth rate in 2012 (per 1,000).

Ukraine is the major source of migrants in Russia and many of the member states of the European Union. During the 1990s and early 2000s, Ukraine's sputtering economy and political inestability contributed to rising emigration, especially to nearby Russia, Poland and Hungary, but also to other States such as Italy, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Israel, Russia and Canada. Although estimates vary, approximately two to three million Ukrainian citizens are currently working abroad, most of them illegally, in construction, service, housekeeping, and agriculture industries. Eastern Ukrainians are likely to immigrate to Russia while western Ukrainians are likely to move to the E.U.

Between 1991 and 2004, the government counted 2,537,400 individuals who emigrated; 1,897,500 moved to other post-Soviet states, and 639,900 moved to other, mainly Western, states.[43]

By the early 2000s, Ukrainian embassies reported that 300,000 Ukrainian citizens were working in Poland, 200,000 in Italy, approximately 200,000 in the Czech Republic, 150,000 in Portugal, 100,000 in Spain, 35,000 in Turkey, 20,000 in the United States and small significant numbers in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The largest number of Ukrainian workers abroad, about one million, are in the Russian Federation. Since 1992, 232,072 persons born in Ukraine have emigrated to the US.

From the point of view of the economic impact on natives, more appropriate than the absolute numbers is the volume of immigration as a proportion of the native population. Russia have the highest rate of Ukrainian emigrants as a proportion of the native population, while the much larger Italy has the largest absolute confirmed number of Ukrainian emigrants (leaving aside Poland Portugal and the Czech Republic , for which there is conflicting data).

See also

General:

References

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  2. ↑ Population census of Ukraine, 2001
  3. ↑ "All-Ukrainian population census". State Statistics Service of Ukraine. 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  4. ↑ "Ukraine's Demographic Reality". Population Reference Bureau.
  5. ↑ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ ПОСТОЯННОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ на 1 января 2017 г. и в среднем за 2016 г. [Estimated population as of 1 January 2017 and on the average for 2016] (XLS). Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  6. ↑ Ukraine, Orest Subtelny, page 152, 2000
  7. ↑ "ru:Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета 'Высшая школа экономики'" [Institute of Demography of the National Research University "Graduate School of Economics']. Demoscope.ru (in Russian). 21 March 2013. ISSN 1726-2887. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
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  9. ↑ Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia Vol. 1, Book by Volodymyr Kubiyovych; University of Toronto Press, 1963
  10. ↑ Posted availability of the book
  11. ↑ Statistical Yearbooks of the Russian Empire
  12. ↑ Number of live births, deaths and natural increase (decrease) of the population (0,1)
  13. ↑ Demographic yearbook, 2001 (PDF). New York: United Nations. 2003. ISBN 92-1-051094-1. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
  14. ↑ Общий коэффициент смертности (на 1000 населения): Украина: 1950-2013 [Crude death rate (per 1,000 people): Ukraine: 1950-2013]. Demoscope Weekly (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
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  16. ↑ Природний рух населення у січні–серпні 2018 року1|accessdate=15 September 2018}}
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  19. ↑ State Statistics Committee of Ukraine – Natural increase in population in 2010 Retrieved on 20 May 2011
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  24. ↑ Ukraine PEOPLE 2017 SOURCE: 2017 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES
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  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "About number and composition population of Ukraine by data: All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001". State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007.
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  32. ↑ CIA world factbook.
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  39. ↑ The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality of the Kinsey Institute. Tamara V. Hovorun, Ph.D., and Borys M. Vornyk, Ph.D. (Medicine). Rewritten and updated in 2003 by T. V. Hovorun and B. M. Vornyk(2003) Ukraine.
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