Automatic train protection

ATP switchboard in a Taiwan Railways Administration DR2700 series carriage

Automatic train protection (ATP) is a type of train protection system which continually checks that the speed of a train is compatible with the permitted speed allowed by signalling. If it is not, ATP activates an emergency brake to stop the train.^[1]

Accidents and ATP

Accidents preventable by ATP

Russell Hill Subway Crash - 1995 - Driver passed two signals at danger, resulting in a collision between two subway trains. The line was equipped with train stops, but they were installed incorrectly and thus did not function.
Hines Hill train collision - 1996 - driver misjudges end of crossing loop during simultaneous cross with opposing train. Two killed.
Watford rail crash - 1996 - Signal passed at danger resulting in collision with coaching stock. One killed.
Southall rail crash - 1997 - Signal passed at danger, resulting in a collision between a passenger train and a freight train crossing the track in front of it.
Glenbrook train disaster - 1999 - too fast after Stop and Proceed.
Pécrot rail crash - 2001 - Train departed a station passing by a red (closed) signal. 8 killed, 12 injured.
Waterfall train disaster - 2003 - too fast around very sharp curve after driver suffered a heart attack.
17 September 2005 Too fast through turnouts between Joliet and Chicago.^[2]
Amagasaki rail crash - 2005 - Overspeed through sharp curve. 107 killed, 555 injured.^[3]
Chatsworth train collision - 2008 - driver of commuter train passes red signal and collides head-on with freight train - 25 killed^[4]
Hordorf rail crash - 2011 - Signal passed at danger resulting in collision between a passenger train and a freight train - 10 dead, 23 injured.^[5]
2012 Buenos Aires rail disaster - 2012 - Didn't brake resulting in collision the end of the track - 51 dead, 703 injured.
2013 Buenos Aires rail disaster - 2013 - Four signals passed at danger resulting in collision with a stationary train - 3 dead, 315 injured.
Santiago de Compostela derailment - 2013 - Overspeed through sharp curve. - 80 killed, 140 injured.^[6]
12 July 2014, Kaloyanovets - Overspeed through turnouts set to diverging track. Driver dead, 14 injured. ATC (EBICAB) was available but wasn't turned on.^[7]^[8]

Accidents not preventable by ATP

Clapham Junction rail crash - 1988 - wrong-side failure - both signal and balise would have shown false green lights. 35 killed, 100 plus injured.
Cowan rail crash - 1990 - wrong-side failure - caused by sand on the rails.
Clementi train collision - 1993 - oil spillage on track, may have interfered with normal ATP operation on the 12 trains that arrived at Clementi MRT Station in the early morning since the oil have come into contact with the ATP power system fixed into the rails. The ATP system in question is continuous ATP, which is still used on the North South MRT Line and the East West MRT Line. 156 injuries, no deaths.
Bruehl train disaster - 2000 - too fast through turnout during single-line working and degraded operations.

References

↑ "ERA Glossary" (PDF). ERA.Europa.eu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-24. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2005-04-25. Japanese train crash kills dozens
↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer; Cieply, Michael (14 September 2008). "Rail Line Says Train Ran Signal; Death Toll at 25". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2012-08-19. Sicherungssystem fehlt auf der Unglücksstrecke
↑ Elmundo.es "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2013-07-25.
↑ "Train derailment, 7/12/2014, Kaloyanovets, Bulgaria (Bulgaria)". ERail.ERA.Europa.eu. European Railway Agency. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
↑ "Системата за сигурност на железниците е причинила трагедията в Калояновец". Starazagora.UTRA.bg. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

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[1] "ERA Glossary" (PDF). ERA.Europa.eu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.

[2] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-10-24. Retrieved 2009-10-22.

[3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-01-13. Retrieved 2005-04-25. Japanese train crash kills dozens

[4] Steinhauer, Jennifer; Cieply, Michael (14 September 2008). "Rail Line Says Train Ran Signal; Death Toll at 25". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2010.

[5] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2012-08-19. Sicherungssystem fehlt auf der Unglücksstrecke

[6] Elmundo.es "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2013-07-25.

[7] "Train derailment, 7/12/2014, Kaloyanovets, Bulgaria (Bulgaria)". ERail.ERA.Europa.eu. European Railway Agency. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

[8] "Системата за сигурност на железниците е причинила трагедията в Калояновец". Starazagora.UTRA.bg. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.

Railway signalling
Block systems	Absolute block signalling Automatic block signaling Centralized traffic control Communications-based train control Direct traffic control European Train Control System Moving block Radio Electronic Token Block Token Track warrant Train order operation
Signalling control	Block post Integrated Electronic Control Centre Interlocking Lever frame Rail operating centre Solid State Interlocking Westlock Interlocking
Signals	Application of railway signals Cab signalling North American railroad signals Railway semaphore signal
Train detection	Axle counter Track circuit Track circuit interrupter Treadle
Train protection	Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System ALSN ASFA Automatic train control Automatic train protection Automatic train stop Automatic Warning System Automatische treinbeïnvloeding Balise Catch points Chinese Train Control System Continuous Automatic Warning System Contrôle de vitesse par balises EBICAB IIATS Integra-Signum Interoperable Communications Based Signaling Crocodile Linienzugbeeinflussung Positive Train Control Pulse code cab signaling Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung RS4 Codici SelTrac Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno Système d'aide à la conduite, à l'exploitation et à la maintenance Slide fence Train automatic stopping controller Train Protection & Warning System Train stop Transmission balise-locomotive Transmission Voie-Machine
Crossing signals	Grade crossing signals Crossbuck Wigwag E-signal Wayside horn
Organisations	AAR AREMA FRA HMRI IRSE Transport Canada UIC
By country	Australia Bavaria Belgium Canada Finland France Germany Greece Italy Japan Netherlands North America Norway Poland Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom

Automatic train protection

Accidents and ATP

Accidents preventable by ATP

Accidents not preventable by ATP

See also

References