Changi Airport Skytrain

Changi Airport Skytrain
Changi Airport SkyTrain with special exterior design as part of SG50 celebrations.
Overview
Type Automated people mover (APM)
Status Operational
Locale Singapore Changi Airport serving Singapore
Stations 7
Services 5
Operation
Opened 1990
Owner Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
Operator(s) Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
Rolling stock Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover
Adtranz C-100 (withdrawn)
Technical
Line length 6.4 km (4.0 mi)
Track gauge 1,850 mm (6 ft 27⁄32 in) broad gauge
Electrification 750 V DC third rail
Route map

Terminal 1
Station C
Station D
Station B
Station E
Terminal 3
Terminal 2
Station A
Station F
Station A South

The Changi Airport Skytrain is an automated people mover (APM) that connects Terminals 1, 2 and 3 at Singapore Changi Airport. Opened in 1990, it was the first driverless and automated system in Asia.[1] The Changi Airport Skytrain operates from 0500 to 0230 daily.[2] Traveling on the Skytrain is free and an inter-terminal journey takes approximately four minutes. All stations are equipped with platform screen doors, are air-conditioned and have plasma displays indicating the arrival time of the next train.

With the opening of the Changi Airport MRT Station on 27 February 2002, the Skytrain is able to connect passengers at Terminal 1 to the MRT station entrances located at Terminals 2 and 3.[3]

Rolling stock

Interior

The trains operating on the Changi Airport Skytrain are the Mitsubishi Crystal Movers manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

Initially, the Skytrain rolling stock consisted of Adtranz C-100s, jointly built by Westinghouse and Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier). In 2002, work began on a new S$135 million Mitsubishi Crystal Mover-based system to accommodate the planned opening of Changi Airport Terminal 3 and the projected increase in demand as the airport expands.[4]

Changi Airport Skytrain was previously operated with Adtranz C-100s in the 90s.

The previous rolling stock of Adtranz C-100 ran without a second carriage per train (as opposed to the current Mitsubishi Crystal Movers, which runs with two carriages per train), and the first two platform screen doors of each station were for emergency purposes (The C-100s stopped at the outer half of each station, with two doors on each half.).

The third rail, formerly at the centre of the track, was moved to the side, and the Platform screen doors were fitted with full-height glass panels, which made it easier for passengers to be able to see when the train is arriving. The new system opened in March 2006 between Terminals 1 and 2 and the connection to Terminal 3 opened in November 2007 during Terminal 3's open house.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover
In service March 2006–present
Manufacturer Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Family name Crystal Mover
Replaced Adtranz C-100
Constructed 2002–2006
2016 - 2019 (Expansion)
Entered service 2006
Number under construction 6 vehicles (6 trainsets)
Number built 22 vehicles (22 trainsets)
Number in service 16 vehicles (16 trainsets)
Formation 1 per trainset
M
Fleet numbers 01 ~ 22
Capacity 8 seated, 107 standing
Operator(s) Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
Depot(s) Terminal 1 Depot
Line(s) served Changi Airport Skytrain
Specifications
Car body construction Welded aluminium
Car length 11.84 m
Width 2.8 m
Height 2.0 m
Doors 4 per car
Maximum speed 60 km/h (37 mph) (design)
50 km/h (31 mph) (service)
Weight 15,000 kg (33,000 lb) per car
Traction system Mitsubishi IGBT-VVVF inverter vector control
Traction motors Three phase AC induction motor 80 kW (110 hp)
Power output 160 kW (210 hp)
Acceleration 1.0 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2)
Deceleration 1.0 m/s2 (3.3 ft/s2) (service)
1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2) (emergency)
Electric system(s) 750 V DC third rail
Braking system(s) Electric command pneumatic brake with regenerative brake with stand-by brake and parking brake (with variable load control and wheel slide prevention control)
Safety system(s) ATC, ATP and ATO
Coupling system Bergische Stahl Industrie
Track gauge Side-mounted guideway with rubber tires

As of 2016, the Changi Airport Skytrain uses the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover automated people mover. This rolling stock entered service in 2006 and replaced the 16-year-old Adtranz C-100, making this the second generation of rolling stock in Changi Airport's Skytrain network.

Exterior design

The top of the train is painted black, with the bottom of the train painted grey. The side-mounted headlights have a larger surface area, compared to the ones operating on Sengkang LRT Lines and Punggol LRT Lines. The Changi Airport Logo is pasted on the side of each train carriage, with the train fleet number on the middle of each carriage.

Interior design

The color of the interior is light-yellow. LCD screens are placed at the end of every car, similar to the unused LCD screens on the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover C810. Unlike all other trains on Singapore's LRT network, it does not have seating in the middle, and only has seating at the end of each train. This is done to allow more floor space for the passenger's luggage, and also for passengers to stand, when the train is crowded. The train that can be boarded, depends on which area one is in. For example, if you were to board from the Public Area, the interior seating color is blue (Sets 01–10), while the Transit Area has an orange color scheme on the seats (Sets 11–16).

In the Public Area, 6 trains will be deployed for service while the 2 trains remain at the depot at Terminal 1 while the other 2 trains will be parked at one of the Terminal 1 Transit Area Station D platforms.

In the Transit Area, 5 trains will be deployed for service while the remaining 1 train remains at the depot at Terminal 3 at Station A South or terminate at one of the Station A platforms.

Train formation

The configuration of a Mitubishi Crystal Mover in revenue service is M in single car mode and M-M in dual car mode

Cars of Mitubishi Crystal Mover
car type Motor Collector Shoe car length
mm ft in
M✓✓ 41 ft 2.1 in

Redevelopment works

In 2015, one portion of the Changi Airport Skytrain system connecting Station B and E was suspended due to construction works for the upcoming Jewel Changi Airport. Passengers in the public area will have to use the mezzanine level bridge along Changi Airport MRT Station, and the Skytrain operating between Station A and F in the transit area.[5]

Future expansion

Plans are in place for future expansions of the system. To increase the system capacity of the Skytrain, six new train cars have been purchased and will be rolled out to the system by 2019. The existing shuttle between Terminals 2 and 3 will be upgraded to a three-car system, whereas the shuttle between Terminal 3 and 3 South will be upgraded to a two-car system.[6]


Terminal 4, opened in 2017, is not served by the Skytrain. However, the future Terminal 5 will have a Skytrain-style underground train system.[7]

References

  1. ↑ "Singapore Changi Airport I, II, III". CPG Corporation. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
  2. ↑ "Transfer Between Terminals". www.changiairport.com.
  3. ↑ "Changi International Airport". National Library Board. 2001. Archived from the original on 22 April 2007.
  4. ↑ "Milestones of Changi Airport". Changi Airport. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007.
  5. ↑ "Getting between Terminal 2 & Terminal 3".
  6. ↑ "Skytrain at Changi Airport to get systems upgrade, more cabins". Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  7. ↑ https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/decades-of-groundwork-for-t5-to-take-flight
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