齷齪

See also: 龌龊

Chinese

			dirty; small-minded
trad. (齷齪)		齷	齪
simp. (龌龊)		龌	龊

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wòchuò

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aak¹ cuk¹
Min Nan (POJ): ok-chhok

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: wòchuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ ㄔㄨㄛˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wohchuoh
  - IPA ^(key): /u̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: aak¹ cuk¹
  - Yale: āak chūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aak⁷ tsuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ag¹ cug¹
  - IPA ^(key): /äːk̚⁵ t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-chhok
  - Tâi-lô: ok-tshok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: okzhog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠʌk̚ t͡ʃʰˠʌk̚/▼

Rime
Character	齷	齪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	於角切	測角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠʌk̚/	/t͡ʃʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚɔk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨwk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ɔk̚/	/t͡ʃʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɔk̚/	/ʈ͡ʂʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yue	chuo

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qroːɡ sʰroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齷	齪
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	13070	17918
Phonetic component	屋	足
Rime group	屋	屋
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	渥	娖
Old Chinese	/*qroːɡ/	/*sʰroːɡ/
Notes	見張衡賦	注：開孔具。集韻以此爲正，注齷齪迫也，見張衡賦

Adjective

齷齪

Synonyms

(filthy):

edit

不乾淨 (bù gānjìng)
惡濁／恶浊 (èzhuó)
污穢／污秽 (wūhuì)

腌臢／腌臜 (āza) (dialectal)
邋遢 (Cantonese)
骯髒／肮脏 (āngzāng)

Dialectal synonyms of 髒 (“dirty”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		污, 穢, 污穢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		骯髒, 污穢
Mandarin	Beijing	髒, 腌臢, 骯髒
	Taiwan	髒, 骯髒
	Jinan	髒, 窩囊, 腌臢
	Xi'an	髒
	Wuhan	拉瓜, 賴
	Chengdu	髒, 齷齪
	Yangzhou	髒, 邋遢
	Hefei	髒, 膿糟, 拾弄
Cantonese	Guangzhou	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong	污糟, 邋遢, 揦鮓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	邋遢, 骯屎
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	骯屎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	揦鮓
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	垠
	Macau	污糟
	Panyu	污糟, 邋遢
	Conghua	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Zengcheng	污糟, 邋遢
	Foshan	污糟, 邋遢
	Nanhai (Shatou)	污糟
	Shunde	污糟
	Sanshui	污糟
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	污糟
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	邋遢
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	邋遢
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	揦鮓
	Doumen	揦鮓
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	揦鮓, 邋遢
	Xinhui	揦鮓
	Taishan	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Kaiping (Chikan)	邋遢, 揦鮓
	Enping (Niujiang)	邋遢
	Heshan (Yayao)	邋遢
	Dongguan	賴濕, 鹹濕
	Dapeng	垠
	Yangjiang	失引, 污糟, 揦鮓
Gan	Nanchang	腌臢
Hakka	Meixian	漚紐, 穢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Dongshi (Dabu)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	屙糟, 垃圾
	Hong Kong	漚紐, 累贅, 囉嗦
Jin	Taiyuan	日髒, 腌臢
Min Dong	Fuzhou	懶露, 濫𡞟, 五鹵, 垃渣, 齷齪
Min Nan	Xiamen	流瘍, 流死瘍, 垃圾, 驚人, 垃儳, 颺埃
	Quanzhou	腌臢, 兇, 驚人, 颺埃
	Zhangzhou	腌臢, 垃圾, 淤漬, 驚人, 垃圾鬼, 颺埃
	Taipei	垃圾, 垃儳, 癩哥爛癆, 驚人
	Kaohsiung	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩哥, 驚人
	Tainan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩哥, 癩哥爛癆, 驚人
	Taichung	垃圾
	Hsinchu	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩哥
	Lukang	垃圾, 癩哥爛癆, 驚人
	Sanxia	垃圾, 腌臢, 癩哥, 驚人
	Yilan	垃圾, 垃儳, 腌臢, 癩哥爛癆, 驚人
	Kinmen	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚人, 垃儳, 癩哥
	Magong	垃圾, 腌臢, 驚人, 垃儳, 癩哥
	Penang	垃儳
	Philippines (Manila)	腌臢
	Chaozhou	垃圾, 垃圾相, 腌臢
Wu	Suzhou	齷齪, 邋遢
Wu	Wenzhou	鏖糟, 髒
Xiang	Changsha	邋遢, 邋糊

Pronunciation 2

Min Nan (POJ): ak-chak

Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ak-chak
  - Tâi-lô: ak-tsak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: akzag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ak̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ak̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sak̚³²/

Adjective

齷齪

(Min Nan) jittery; uncomfortable

Derived terms

卑鄙齷齪／卑鄙龌龊 (bēibǐwòchuò)

卑陋齷齪／卑陋龌龊

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (齷齪):

→ Japanese: 齷齪 (あくせく) (akuseku)
→ Korean: 악착 (齷齪, akchak)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
齷	齪
あく Hyōgaiji	せく Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [a̠kɯ̟ᵝse̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Adverb

齷齪 (hiragana あくせく, rōmaji akuseku)

busily, fussily, worrying about small things

Usage notes

Takes the と (to) particle.

Verb

齷齪する (suru conjugation, hiragana あくせくする, rōmaji akuseku suru)

busy oneself, get worked up, worry oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "齷齪する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	齷齪し	あくせくし	akuseku shi
Continuative (連用形)	齷齪し	あくせくし	akuseku shi
Terminal (終止形)	齷齪する	あくせくする	akuseku suru
Attributive (連体形)	齷齪する	あくせくする	akuseku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	齷齪すれ	あくせくすれ	akuseku sure
Imperative (命令形)	齷齪せよ¹ 齷齪しろ²	あくせくせよ¹ あくせくしろ²	akuseku seyo¹ akuseku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	齷齪される	あくせくされる	akuseku sareru
Causative	齷齪させる齷齪さす	あくせくさせるあくせくさす	akuseku saseru akuseku sasu
Potential	齷齪できる	あくせくできる	akuseku dekiru
Volitional	齷齪しよう	あくせくしよう	akuseku shiyō
Negative	齷齪しない	あくせくしない	akuseku shinai
Negative continuative	齷齪せず	あくせくせず	akuseku sezu
Formal	齷齪します	あくせくします	akuseku shimasu
Perfective	齷齪した	あくせくした	akuseku shita
Conjunctive	齷齪して	あくせくして	akuseku shite
Hypothetical conditional	齷齪すれば	あくせくすれば	akuseku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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