Windows-1256

Windows-1256 is a code page used to write Arabic (and possibly some other languages that use Arabic script, like Persian and Urdu) under Microsoft Windows.  This code page is not compatible with ISO 8859-6 and MacArabic encodings.

It encodes every abstract single letter of the basic Arabic alphabet, not every concrete visual form of isolated, initial, medial, final or ligatured letter shape variants (i.e. it encodes characters, not glyphs). The Arabic letters in the C0-FF range are in Arabic alphabetic order, but some Latin characters are interspersed among them. These are some Windows-1252 Latin characters used for French, since this European language has some historic relevance in former French colonies in North Africa such as Morocco and Algeria. This allowed French and Arabic text to be intermixed when using Windows 1256 without any need for code-page switching (however, upper-case letters with diacritics were not included).

IBM uses code page 1256 (CCSID 1256, euro sign extended CCSID 5352, and the further extended CCSID 9448) for Windows-1256.[1][2][3][4]

Unicode is preferred over Windows 1256 in modern applications, especially on the Internet; meaning the dominant UTF-8 encoding for web pages (see also Arabic script in Unicode, for complete coverage, unlike for e.g. Windows 1256 or ISO-8859-6 that do not cover extras). Less than 0.1% of all web pages use Windows-1256 in September 2019.[5][6]

Character set

Since the original code page left 9 values (bytes) marked as "NOT USED" in the original specification,[7] these bytes were used later for additional characters needed for the Perso-Arabic script (for the Persian and Urdu languages), plus the euro sign.[8]

The following table shows the extended version of Windows-1256. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent and its decimal code.

Here every Arabic letter is shown in isolated form. The actual forms of the letters inside Arabic words are rendered by a combination of software rules and appropriate font support.

Windows-1256[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_
0		 NUL
0000		 SOH
0001		 STX
0002		 ETX
0003		 EOT
0004		 ENQ
0005		 ACK
0006		 BEL
0007		 BS
0008		 HT
0009		 LF
000A		 VT
000B		 FF
000C		 CR
000D		 SO
000E		 SI
000F
1_
16		 DLE
0010		 DC1
0011		 DC2
0012		 DC3
0013		 DC4
0014		 NAK
0015		 SYN
0016		 ETB
0017		 CAN
0018		 EM
0019		 SUB
001A		 ESC
001B		 FS
001C		 GS
001D		 RS
001E		 US
001F
2_
32		 SP
0020		 !
0021		 "
0022		 #
0023		 $
0024		 %
0025		 &
0026		 '
0027		 (
0028		 )
0029		 *
002A		 +
002B		 ,
002C		 -
002D		 .
002E		 /
002F
3_
48		 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 :
003A		 ;
003B		 <
003C		 =
003D		 >
003E		 ?
003F
4_
64		 @
0040		 A
0041		 B
0042		 C
0043		 D
0044		 E
0045		 F
0046		 G
0047		 H
0048		 I
0049		 J
004A		 K
004B		 L
004C		 M
004D		 N
004E		 O
004F
5_
80		 P
0050		 Q
0051		 R
0052		 S
0053		 T
0054		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 X
0058		 Y
0059		 Z
005A		 [
005B		 \
005C		 ]
005D		 ^
005E		 _
005F
6_
96		 `
0060		 a
0061		 b
0062		 c
0063		 d
0064		 e
0065		 f
0066		 g
0067		 h
0068		 i
0069		 j
006A		 k
006B		 l
006C		 m
006D		 n
006E		 o
006F
7_
112		 p
0070		 q
0071		 r
0072		 s
0073		 t
0074		 u
0075		 v
0076		 w
0077		 x
0078		 y
0079		 z
007A		 {
007B		 |
007C		 }
007D		 ~
007E		 DEL
007F
8_
128		 €
20AC		 پ
067E		 ‚
201A		 ƒ
0192		 „
201E		 …
2026		 †
2020		 ‡
2021		 ˆ
02C6		 ‰
2030		 ٹ
0679		 ‹
2039		 Œ
0152		 چ
0686		 ژ
0698		 ڈ
0688
9_
144		 گ
06AF		 ‘
2018		 ’
2019		 “
201C		 ”
201D		 •
2022		 –
2013		 —
2014		 ک
06A9		 ™
2122		 ڑ
0691		 ›
203A		 œ
0153		 ZWNJ
200C		 ZWJ
200D		 ں
06BA
A_
160		 NBSP
00A0		 ،
060C		 ¢
00A2		 £
00A3		 ¤
00A4		 ¥
00A5		 ¦
00A6		 §
00A7		 ¨
00A8		 ©
00A9		 ھ
06BE		 «
00AB		 ¬
00AC		 SHY
00AD		 ®
00AE		 ¯
00AF
B_
176		 °
00B0		 ±
00B1		 ²
00B2		 ³
00B3		 ´
00B4		 µ
00B5
00B6		 ·
00B7		 ¸
00B8		 ¹
00B9		 ؛
061B		 »
00BB		 ¼
00BC		 ½
00BD		 ¾
00BE		 ؟
061F
C_
192		 ہ
06C1		 ء
0621		 آ
0622		 أ
0623		 ؤ
0624		 إ
0625		 ئ
0626		 ا
0627		 ب
0628		 ة
0629		 ت
062A		 ث
062B		 ج
062C		 ح
062D		 خ
062E		 د
062F
D_
208		 ذ
0630		 ر
0631		 ز
0632		 س
0633		 ش
0634		 ص
0635		 ض
0636		 ×
00D7		 ط
0637		 ظ
0638		 ع
0639		 غ
063A		 ـ
0640		 ف
0641		 ق
0642		 ك
0643
E_
224		 à
00E0		 ل
0644		 â
00E2		 م
0645		 ن
0646		 ه
0647		 و
0648		 ç
00E7		 è
00E8		 é
00E9		 ê
00EA		 ë
00EB		 ى
0649		 ي
064A		 î
00EE		 ï
00EF
F_
240		 ً
064B		 ٌ
064C		 ٍ
064D		 َ
064E		 ô
00F4		 ُ
064F		 ِ
0650		 ÷
00F7		 ّ
0651		 ù
00F9		 ْ
0652		 û
00FB		 ü
00FC		 LRM
200E		 RLM
200F		 ے
06D2

  Letter   Number   Punctuation   Symbol   Other   Undefined

See also

References
  1. "Code page 1256 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
  2. "CCSID 1256 information document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
  3. "CCSID 5352 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  4. "CCSID 9448 information document". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
  5. "Historical trends in the usage of character encodings for websites, September 2019". w3techs.com.
  6. "Frequently Asked Questions". w3techs.com.
  7. Archiveddocs. "Code Page 1256 Windows Arabic". docs.microsoft.com.
  8. "cp1256 to Unicode table" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  9. Unicode mappings of windows 1256 with "best fit"
  10. Code Page CPGID 01256 (pdf) (PDF), IBM
  11. Code Page CPGID 01256 (txt), IBM
  12. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-1256_P110-1997.ucm, 2002-12-03
  13. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5352_P100-1998.ucm, 2002-12-03
  14. International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-9448_X100-2005.ucm, 2005-11-15
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