JIS X 0201

JIS X 0201
	JIS X 0201 8-bit code page
MIME / IANA	8-bit: JIS_X0201; 7-bit Roman: JIS_C6220-1969-ro; 7-bit Kana: JIS_C6220-1969-jp
Alias(es)	JIS C 6220; 8-bit: csHalfWidthKatakana; Roman: ISO646-JP, iso-ir-14; Kana: iso-ir-13, x0201-7
Language(s)	Japanese (basic support), English
Standard	JIS X 0201:1969
Classification	ISO 646, Extended ISO 646
Preceded by	Wabun code, JIS C 0803
Succeeded by	Shift JIS
Other related encoding(s)	N-byte Hangul code

JIS X 0201, a Japanese Industrial Standard developed in 1969 (then called JIS C 6220 until the JIS category reform), was the first Japanese electronic character set to become widely used. It is either 7-bit encoding or 8-bit encoding, although 8-bit encoding is dominant for modern use. The full name of this standard is 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets for information interchange (7ビット及び8ビットの情報交換用符号化文字集合).

The first 96 codes comprise an ISO 646 variant, mostly following ASCII with some differences, while the second 96 character codes represent the phonetic Japanese katakana signs. Since the encoding does not provide any way to express hiragana or kanji, it is only capable of expressing simplified written Japanese. Nevertheless, it is possible to express, at least phonetically, the full range of sounds in the language. In the 1980s, this was acceptable for media such as text mode computer terminals, telegrams, receipts or other electronically handled data.

JIS X 0201 was supplanted by subsequent encodings such as Shift JIS (which combines this standard and JIS X 0208) and later Unicode.

History

The Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et Telegraphique (CCITT) introduced the International Telegraph Alphabet No.2 (ITA2) code as an international standard, which was the 5-bit Latin encoding. Most countries have their own national standards based on this. In Japan, the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) standardized it as the 6-bit character codes of JIS C 0803-1961 (Keyboard layout and codes for teleprinters), which combined with katakana characters. However, it didn't match the industry requirements because the character map was small, and the code layout was impractical. The AIST considered a practical character encoding to replace various codes used in Japan.[1]

In 1963, ISO introduced a draft of ISO R 646 (6 and 7-bit coded character sets for information processing interchange). AIST committed the conjunction of ISO R 646 and katakana mapping to the Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ). IPSJ formed the code standardization committee. The committee didn't adopt the 6-bit form of ISO's draft because the katakana set couldn't fit into its character map. The early JIS draft mapped small katakana characters next to each of their normal katakana characters. It was considered to be convenient for sorting by Gojūon order. Some committee members criticized it would complicate the mechanic of keyboards which only handled normal katakana characters. The later draft mapped small katakana characters to positions 0xA7-0xAF. In 1966, the fourth draft of ISO specified the national currency symbol at 0x24, and the JIS committee planned to map the yen sign. The first edition of ISO 646 was published in 1967. It specified the ASCII's dollar sign 0x24 as the invariant character, so the JIS committee decided to replace the ASCII's backslash 0x5c (one of variant characters) with the yen sign. However, CCITT introduced the International Alphabet No.5 (IA5) in 1968, which stated that there was no requirement for the dollar sign and it could be replaced with the international currency sign (¤).[2] ISO 646 was revised in 1973 to conform with IA5.[3]

JIS C 6220 (Codes for information interchange, 情報交換用符号) was published in 1969. Its number was changed to JIS X 0201 due to the JIS category reform in 1987, and the name was changed to 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets for information interchange (7ビット及び8ビットの情報交換用符号化文字集合) in the 1990 edition.

The character set of JIS X 0201 had been widely used in Japan. The Nationwide Banking Data Communication System (全国銀行データ通信システム), the largest funds transfer system in Japan, was established in 1973. Transaction messages between banks used a subset of JIS X 0201. The system had been used until 2018, and it was replaced by the ZEDI (The Nationwide Banking Electronic Data Interchange System, 全銀EDIシステム) which could handle hiragana and kanji characters.[4] In 1978, JIS C 6226 (JIS X 0208) 2-byte character set was developed to express hiragana and kanji characters. It includes katakana characters, but their codes and layout are different from JIS X 0201. Computer manufacturers developed their own extensions of JIS X 0208 to retain compatibility with JIS X 0201. In 1982, the Microsoft Kanji encoding scheme (Codepage 932 of MS-DOS) and Digital Research's SJC26 (for Japanese CP/M-86) were developed to combine JIS X 0201 single-byte encoding and JIS X 0208 double byte encoding without shift out and shift in characters.[5] They were called Shift JIS, which became the industrial standard for personal computers.

Implementation details

7-bit Roman (shift in) set

7-bit Kana (shift out) set

The first half (Roman set) of JIS X 0201 constitutes a Japanese variant of ISO 646, amounting to ASCII with backslash (\) and tilde (~) replaced by yen (¥) and overline (‾),[6] while the second half (Kana set) consists mainly of katakana. Control characters are specified in JIS X 0211.

In the 7-bit format, the shift out control character (0x0E) switches to the Kana set and shift in (0x0F) switches to the Roman set.[7][8] In the 8-bit format, given in the chart below, bytes with the most significant bit set (i.e. 0x80–0xFF) are used for the Kana set and bytes with it unset (i.e. 0x00–0x7F) are used otherwise.

Names used specifically for the 7-bit Roman set include "JISCII",[9] "JIS Roman",[10] "ISO646-JP",[11][12] "JIS C6220-1969-ro",[12][11] "Japanese-Roman",[13] "Japan 7-Bit Latin",[14] and "ISO-IR-14",[11][12][8] whereas names used specifically for the 7-bit Kana set include "ISO-IR-13",[7][11][12] "JIS C6220-1969-jp"[11][12] and "x0201-7".[11][12]

The substitution of the yen symbol for backslash can make paths on DOS and Windows-based computers with Japanese support display strangely, like "C:¥Program Files¥", for example.[15] Another similar problem is C programming language's control characters of string literals, like printf("Hello, world.¥n");.

Codepage layout

The following table is the original 8-bit coded character set of JIS X 0201 (with the kana set indicated by bytes with the high bit set).[16]

8-bit form of JIS X 0201-1997
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_ 0	C0 codes 0000-001F
1_ 16	C0 codes 0000-001F
2_ 32	SP 0020	! 0021	" 0022	# 0023	$ 0024	% 0025	& 0026	' 0027	( 0028	) 0029	* 002A	+ 002B	, 002C	- 002D	. 002E	/ 002F
3_ 48	0 0030	1 0031	2 0032	3 0033	4 0034	5 0035	6 0036	7 0037	8 0038	9 0039	: 003A	; 003B	< 003C	= 003D	> 003E	? 003F
4_ 64	@ 0040	A 0041	B 0042	C 0043	D 0044	E 0045	F 0046	G 0047	H 0048	I 0049	J 004A	K 004B	L 004C	M 004D	N 004E	O 004F
5_ 80	P 0050	Q 0051	R 0052	S 0053	T 0054	U 0055	V 0056	W 0057	X 0058	Y 0059	Z 005A	[ 005B	¥ 00A5	] 005D	^ 005E	_ 005F
6_ 96	` 0060	a 0061	b 0062	c 0063	d 0064	e 0065	f 0066	g 0067	h 0068	i 0069	j 006A	k 006B	l 006C	m 006D	n 006E	o 006F
7_ 112	p 0070	q 0071	r 0072	s 0073	t 0074	u 0075	v 0076	w 0077	x 0078	y 0079	z 007A	{ 007B	\| 007C	} 007D	‾ 203E	DEL 007F
8_ 128	C1 codes or Empty Block 0080-009F
9_ 144	C1 codes or Empty Block 0080-009F
A_ 160		。 3002	「 300C	」 300D	、 3001	・ 30FB	ヲ 30F2	ァ 30A1	ィ 30A3	ゥ 30A5	ェ 30A7	ォ 30A9	ャ 30E3	ュ 30E5	ョ 30E7	ッ 30C3
B_ 176	ー 30FC	ア 30A2	イ 30A4	ウ 30A6	エ 30A8	オ 30AA	カ 30AB	キ 30AD	ク 30AF	ケ 30B1	コ 30B3	サ 30B5	シ 30B7	ス 30B9	セ 30BB	ソ 30BD
C_ 192	タ 30BF	チ 30C1	ツ 30C4	テ 30C6	ト 30C8	ナ 30CA	ニ 30CB	ヌ 30CC	ネ 30CD	ノ 30CE	ハ 30CF	ヒ 30D2	フ 30D5	ヘ 30D8	ホ 30DB	マ 30DE
D_ 208	ミ 30DF	ム 30E0	メ 30E1	モ 30E2	ヤ 30E4	ユ 30E6	ヨ 30E8	ラ 30E9	リ 30EA	ル 30EB	レ 30EC	ロ 30ED	ワ 30EF	ン 30F3	゛ 309B	゜ 309C
E_ 224
F_ 240

Letter Number Punctuation Symbol Other Undefined

As part of Shift JIS

Following is the mapping used for JIS X 0201 as part of Shift_JIS,[17][18] i.e. showing the 8-bit form of JIS X 0201, and mapping the Katakana characters to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block (which in turn derives its half width kana layout from JIS X 0201).

Single-byte character set of Shift JIS
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_ 0
1_ 16
2_ 32	SP 0020	! 0021	" 0022	# 0023	$ 0024	% 0025	& 0026	' 0027	( 0028	) 0029	* 002A	+ 002B	, 002C	- 002D	. 002E	/ 002F
3_ 48	0 0030	1 0031	2 0032	3 0033	4 0034	5 0035	6 0036	7 0037	8 0038	9 0039	: 003A	; 003B	< 003C	= 003D	> 003E	? 003F
4_ 64	@ 0040	A 0041	B 0042	C 0043	D 0044	E 0045	F 0046	G 0047	H 0048	I 0049	J 004A	K 004B	L 004C	M 004D	N 004E	O 004F
5_ 80	P 0050	Q 0051	R 0052	S 0053	T 0054	U 0055	V 0056	W 0057	X 0058	Y 0059	Z 005A	[ 005B	¥ 00A5	] 005D	^ 005E	_ 005F
6_ 96	` 0060	a 0061	b 0062	c 0063	d 0064	e 0065	f 0066	g 0067	h 0068	i 0069	j 006A	k 006B	l 006C	m 006D	n 006E	o 006F
7_ 112	p 0070	q 0071	r 0072	s 0073	t 0074	u 0075	v 0076	w 0077	x 0078	y 0079	z 007A	{ 007B	\| 007C	} 007D	‾ 203E
8_ 128
9_ 144
A_ 160		｡ FF61	｢ FF62	｣ FF63	､ FF64	･ FF65	ｦ FF66	ｧ FF67	ｨ FF68	ｩ FF69	ｪ FF6A	ｫ FF6B	ｬ FF6C	ｭ FF6D	ｮ FF6E	ｯ FF6F
B_ 176	ｰ FF70	ｱ FF71	ｲ FF72	ｳ FF73	ｴ FF74	ｵ FF75	ｶ FF76	ｷ FF77	ｸ FF78	ｹ FF79	ｺ FF7A	ｻ FF7B	ｼ FF7C	ｽ FF7D	ｾ FF7E	ｿ FF7F
C_ 192	ﾀ FF80	ﾁ FF81	ﾂ FF82	ﾃ FF83	ﾄ FF84	ﾅ FF85	ﾆ FF86	ﾇ FF87	ﾈ FF88	ﾉ FF89	ﾊ FF8A	ﾋ FF8B	ﾌ FF8C	ﾍ FF8D	ﾎ FF8E	ﾏ FF8F
D_ 208	ﾐ FF90	ﾑ FF91	ﾒ FF92	ﾓ FF93	ﾔ FF94	ﾕ FF95	ﾖ FF96	ﾗ FF97	ﾘ FF98	ﾙ FF99	ﾚ FF9A	ﾛ FF9B	ﾜ FF9C	ﾝ FF9D	ﾞ FF9E	ﾟ FF9F
E_ 224
F_ 240

Red cells indicate first bytes of double-byte Shift JIS characters.[5]

Alternative mapping of katakana

The basic ISO-2022-JP profile does not permit the Kana set of JIS X 0201, only the Roman set and JIS X 0208 (although ISO 2022 / JIS X 0202 itself permits it). Accordingly, when converting JIS X 0201 katakana (or Unicode half-width kana, which use the same layout) to ISO-2022-JP, the following mapping or transformation is often used.[20] This allows the kana to be converted to JIS X 0208.

In theory, this mapping is equally correct, as JIS X 0201 itself does not specify display width, although in practice (and especially in duospaced environments) JIS X 0201 is used for half-width katakana.

For ease of comparison with the chart above, the mapping is shown below over the JIS X 0201 katakana encoding and with the high bit set.

JIS X 0208 compatible mappings for JIS X 0201 katakana[21]
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
A_		。 3002	「 300C	」 300D	、 3001	・ 30FB	ヲ 30F2	ァ 30A1	ィ 30A3	ゥ 30A5	ェ 30A7	ォ 30A9	ャ 30E3	ュ 30E5	ョ 30E7	ッ 30C3
B_	ー 30FC	ア 30A2	イ 30A4	ウ 30A6	エ 30A8	オ 30AA	カ 30AB	キ 30AD	ク 30AF	ケ 30B1	コ 30B3	サ 30B5	シ 30B7	ス 30B9	セ 30BB	ソ 30BD
C_	タ 30BF	チ 30C1	ツ 30C4	テ 30C6	ト 30C8	ナ 30CA	ニ 30CB	ヌ 30CC	ネ 30CD	ノ 30CE	ハ 30CF	ヒ 30D2	フ 30D5	ヘ 30D8	ホ 30DB	マ 30DE
D_	ミ 30DF	ム 30E0	メ 30E1	モ 30E2	ヤ 30E4	ユ 30E6	ヨ 30E8	ラ 30E9	リ 30EA	ル 30EB	レ 30EC	ロ 30ED	ワ 30EF	ン 30F3	゛[lower-alpha 1] 309B	゜[lower-alpha 2] 309C
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F

Variants and extensions

Shift JIS

IBM's implementations

Code page 897 is IBM's implementation of the 8-bit form of JIS X 0201. It includes several additional graphical characters in the C0 control characters area, and the code points in question may be used as control characters or graphical characters depending on the context,[23] similarly in concept to OEM-US, but with different graphical characters. The C0 rows are shown below.

Code page 897, rows 0x00 and 0x10 only[28]
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
0_ 0	NUL 0000	╔ 2554	╗ 2557	╚ 255A	╝ 255D	║ 2551	═ 2550	￬ FFEC	BS 0008	￮ FFEE	LF 000A	〿 303F	FF 000C	CR 000D	￭ FFED	☼ 263C
1_ 16	╬ 256C	DC1 0011	↕ 2195	DC3 0013	▓ 2593	╩ 2569	╦ 2566	╣ 2563	CAN 0018	╠ 2560	░/FS 2591/001C	↵ 21B5	￪/DEL FFEA/007F	￨ FFE8	￫ FFEB	￩ FFE9

IBM also implements the 7-bit Roman set of JIS X 0201 as Code page 895[29] and the 7-bit Kana set as Code page 896 for use as ISO 2022 or EUC-JP code-sets. Code page 896, in addition to standard JIS X 0201 assignments, defines five additional assignments, shown below.[30] Although use of these extended characters is not permitted by the associated CCSID 896,[31] they are permitted by the alternative CCSID 4992.[32]

Code page 896, row 0x60 only[30]
	_0	_1	_2	_3	_4	_5	_6	_7	_8	_9	_A	_B	_C	_D	_E	_F
6_ 96	¢ 00A2	£ 00A3	¬ 00AC	\ 005C	~ 007E

IBM's Code page 1041 is an extended version of Code page 897, encoding these five IBM extended[33] characters in alternative locations which are compatible with Shift JIS (respectively 0x80, 0xA0, 0xFD, 0xFE and 0xFF).[34]

IBM's Code page 903 is encoded for use as the single byte component of certain simplified Chinese character encodings.[35] Despite this, it follows ISO 646-JP / the Roman half of JIS X 0201, in that it replaces the ASCII backslash 0x5C (rather than the ASCII dollar sign 0x24 as in GB 1988 / ISO 646-CN) with the yen/yuan sign. It also uses the same C0 replacement graphics as code page 897.[36] It is closely related to Code page 904, which is encoded for use as the single byte component of certain traditional Chinese character encodings,[37][38] and uses the same C0 replacement graphics, but follows ASCII.[39]

Others

NEC PC-8001 (1979) character set as rendered in the 8×8 pixel font
NEC variant used on the PC98 series.
Hitachi variant used on the HD44780.

Footnotes

Gets mapped to correspond to the JIS X 0208 character (mapped to U+309B), not compatibility normalization (which would be U+3099, the combining version).[22]
Gets mapped to correspond to the JIS X 0208 character (mapped to U+309C), not compatibility normalization (which would be U+309A, the combining version).[22]

References

行政管理庁 (The Agency of Administrative Management) (1968). 行政における電子計算機の共同利用に関する調査研究報告書 (in Japanese). 行政事務機械化研究協会. pp. 108–113. OCLC 703804474.
CCITT (1969). "Recommendation V.3: International Alphabet No. 5". White Book: Volume VIII - CCITT (Mar Del Plata, 1968). International Telecommunication Union. pp. 11–19. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (2006). "2.2 ASCIIとISO R 646とJIS C 6220". 文字符号の歴史 (in Japanese). 共立出版. pp. 89–112. ISBN 4-320-12102-3.
"経理部門の人材不足で悩む会社に朗報、金融EDI「ZEDI」が2018年稼働へ". Nikkei X-TECH. 2017-11-30. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
西田, 憲正 (1983-12-19). "Unix風の機能を持ち込んだ日本語MS-DOS 2.0の機能と内部構造". 日経エレクトロニクス (in Japanese). Nikkei McGraw-Hill: 165–190. ISSN 0385-1680.
"3.1.1 Details of Problems". Problems and Solutions for Unicode and User/Vendor Defined Characters. The Open Group Japan. Archived from the original on 1999-02-03. Retrieved 2019-04-15.
ISO-IR 013: The Japanese KATAKANA graphic set of characters (PDF), Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ)
ISO-IR 014: The Japanese Roman graphic set of characters (PDF), Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ)
"IBM-943 and IBM-932", IBM Knowledge Center, IBM
"kUnicodeForceASCIIRangeMask", Apple Developer Documentation, Apple Inc
RFC 1345
"Character Sets". IANA.
da Cruz, Frank (2010-04-02), "Kermit and MIME Character-Set Names", Kermit Project, Columbia University
"CP 00895", IBM Globalization — Code page identifiers, IBM
Kaplan, Michael S. (2005-09-17). "When is a backslash not a backslash?".
JIS X 0201-1997 (in Japanese). Japanese Standards Association. 1997-02-28. p. 17.
"ibm-943_P130-1999". ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer. International Components for Unicode.
Apple, Inc (2005-04-05) [1995-04-15]. "JAPANESE.TXT: Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later". Unicode Consortium.
van Kesteren, Anne (2019-02-11). "12.2.2. ISO-2022-JP encoder". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
The WHATWG Encoding Standard, for instance, uses it as a transformation when encoding Unicode half-width kana data to ISO-2022-JP.[19]
van Kesteren, Anne (2018-01-06). "Index ISO-2022-JP Katakana". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
van Kesteren, Anne (2019-02-11). "5. Indexes". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
"Code page identifiers - CP 00897". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.
"CP00897.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
"CP00897.txt". IBM. Archived from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
"Converter Explorer - ibm-943_P130-1999". ICU Demonstration. International Components for Unicode.
"Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 943". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15.
Graphics are listed per CP00897.pdf and CP00897.txt provided by IBM.[24][25] Controls are listed, in absence of graphical function or where they differ from ASCII, per the ibm-943_P130-1999 codec provided by IBM to International Components for Unicode[26] (IBM-943 is a Code page 897 superset).[27] SUB is assigned to 0x7F.
"CP00895.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
"CP00896.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
"Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 896". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-26.
"Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 4992". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
"11.2 - IBM Extended SBCS Set". IBM Japanese Graphic Character Set for Extended UNIX Code (EUC) (PDF). IBM. p. 315. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
"CP01041.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
"Code page identifiers - CP 903". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.
"CP00903.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
"Code page identifiers - CP 904". IBM Globalization. IBM.
"Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 904". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
"CP00904.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2018-05-11.

External links

Diagram of JIS X 0201 (as 7-bit code sets)

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[23] Gets mapped to correspond to the JIS X 0208 character (mapped to U+309B), not compatibility normalization (which would be U+3099, the combining version).[22]

[24] Gets mapped to correspond to the JIS X 0208 character (mapped to U+309C), not compatibility normalization (which would be U+309A, the combining version).[22]

[AMAJ_1968-1] 行政管理庁 (The Agency of Administrative Management) (1968). 行政における電子計算機の共同利用に関する調査研究報告書 (in Japanese). 行政事務機械化研究協会. pp. 108–113. OCLC 703804474.

[2] CCITT (1969). "Recommendation V.3: International Alphabet No. 5". White Book: Volume VIII - CCITT (Mar Del Plata, 1968). International Telecommunication Union. pp. 11–19. Retrieved 2019-07-25.

[3] Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (2006). "2.2 ASCIIとISO R 646とJIS C 6220". 文字符号の歴史 (in Japanese). 共立出版. pp. 89–112. ISBN 4-320-12102-3.

[4] "経理部門の人材不足で悩む会社に朗報、金融EDI「ZEDI」が2018年稼働へ". Nikkei X-TECH. 2017-11-30. Retrieved 2019-07-24.

[nishida_1983-5] 西田, 憲正 (1983-12-19). "Unix風の機能を持ち込んだ日本語MS-DOS 2.0の機能と内部構造". 日経エレクトロニクス (in Japanese). Nikkei McGraw-Hill: 165–190. ISSN 0385-1680.

[6] "3.1.1 Details of Problems". Problems and Solutions for Unicode and User/Vendor Defined Characters. The Open Group Japan. Archived from the original on 1999-02-03. Retrieved 2019-04-15.

[isoir013-7] ISO-IR 013: The Japanese KATAKANA graphic set of characters (PDF), Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ)

[isoir014-8] ISO-IR 014: The Japanese Roman graphic set of characters (PDF), Information Technology Standards Commission of Japan (ITSCJ/IPSJ)

[9] "IBM-943 and IBM-932", IBM Knowledge Center, IBM

[10] "kUnicodeForceASCIIRangeMask", Apple Developer Documentation, Apple Inc

[rfc1345-11] RFC 1345

[iana31j-12] "Character Sets". IANA.

[13] Cruz, Frank (2010-04-02), "Kermit and MIME Character-Set Names", Kermit Project, Columbia University

[ibm895-14] "CP 00895", IBM Globalization — Code page identifiers, IBM

[15] Kaplan, Michael S. (2005-09-17). "When is a backslash not a backslash?".

[16] JIS X 0201-1997 (in Japanese). Japanese Standards Association. 1997-02-28. p. 17.

[17] "ibm-943_P130-1999". ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer. International Components for Unicode.

[18] Apple, Inc (2005-04-05) [1995-04-15]. "JAPANESE.TXT: Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later". Unicode Consortium.

[19] van Kesteren, Anne (2019-02-11). "12.2.2. ISO-2022-JP encoder". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.

[20] The WHATWG Encoding Standard, for instance, uses it as a transformation when encoding Unicode half-width kana data to ISO-2022-JP.[19]

[index-iso-2022-jp-katakana-txt-21] van Kesteren, Anne (2018-01-06). "Index ISO-2022-JP Katakana". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.

[indexes-22] van Kesteren, Anne (2019-02-11). "5. Indexes". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.

[cpgid897-25] "Code page identifiers - CP 00897". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.

[cpgid897pdf-26] "CP00897.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.

[cpgid897txt-27] "CP00897.txt". IBM. Archived from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.

[28] "Converter Explorer - ibm-943_P130-1999". ICU Demonstration. International Components for Unicode.

[ccsid943-29] "Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 943". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15.

[30] Graphics are listed per CP00897.pdf and CP00897.txt provided by IBM.[24][25] Controls are listed, in absence of graphical function or where they differ from ASCII, per the ibm-943_P130-1999 codec provided by IBM to International Components for Unicode[26] (IBM-943 is a Code page 897 superset).[27] SUB is assigned to 0x7F.

[cpgid895pdf-31] "CP00895.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2017-12-06.

[cpgid896pdf-32] "CP00896.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.

[33] "Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 896". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-26.

[34] "Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 4992". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.

[extsbcs-35] "11.2 - IBM Extended SBCS Set". IBM Japanese Graphic Character Set for Extended UNIX Code (EUC) (PDF). IBM. p. 315. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-07.

[cpgid1041pdf-36] "CP01041.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2017-12-05.

[37] "Code page identifiers - CP 903". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-17.

[cpgid903pdf-38] "CP00903.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2018-02-17.

[39] "Code page identifiers - CP 904". IBM Globalization. IBM.

[40] "Coded character set identifiers - CCSID 904". IBM Globalization. IBM. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.

[cpgid904pdf-41] "CP00904.pdf" (PDF). IBM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-01-12. Retrieved 2018-05-11.

Character encodings
Early telecommunications	Telegraph code Needle Morse Non-Latin Wabun/Kana Chinese Cyrillic Korean Baudot and Murray FIELDATA ASCII ISO/IEC 646 BCDIC EBCDIC Teletex and Videotex/Teletext ISO/IEC 6937 / ITU T.51 ITU T.61 ITU T.101 World System Teletext background sets
ISO/IEC 8859	Approved -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -13 -14 -15 -16 Abandoned -12 Adaptations ISO-IR-182 ISO-IR-200 ISO-IR-201 Proposed but not approved ISO-IR-111 ISO-IR-197 French/Dutch/Turkish draft
Bibliographic use	ANSEL ISO 5426 / 5426-2 / 5427 / 5428 / 6438 / 6861 / 6862 / 10585 / 10586 / 10754 / 11822 MARC-8
National standards	ArmSCII BraSCII CNS 11643 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 18030 HKSCS I.S. 434 ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 LST 1284 LST 1564 LST 1590-1 LST 1590-2 LST 1590-3 LST 1590-4 PASCII RUSCII SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
ISO/IEC 2022	7-bit CN CN-EXT JP JP-EXT JP-1 JP-2 JP-3 KR ISO/IEC 4873 ISO/IEC 8859 ISO/IEC 10367 Extended Unix Code / EUC CN KR JP TW CCCII
MacOS code pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic CentEuro ChineseSimp / EUC-CN ChineseTrad / Big5 Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Dingbats Farsi (Persian) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Japanese / ShiftJIS Keyboard Korean / EUC-KR Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham / I.S. 434 Roman Romanian Sámi Symbol Thai / TIS-620 Turkish Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian VT100
DOS code pages	100 111 112 113 151 152 161 162 163 164 165 166 210 220 301 437 449 489 620 667 668 707 708 709 710 711 714 715 720 721 737 768 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 790 850 851 852 853 854 855/872 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866/808 867 868 869 874/1161/1162 876 877 878 881 882 883 884 885 891 895 896 897 898 899 900 903 904 906 907 909 910 911 926 927 928 929 932 934 936 938 941 942 943 944 946 947 948 949 950/1370 951 966 991 1034 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1046 1086 1088 1092 1093 1098 1108 1109 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1125/848 1126 1127 1131/849 1139 1167 1168 1300 1351 1361 1362 1363 1372 1373 1374 1375 1380 1381 1385 1386 1391 1392 1393 1394 3012 3021 3843 3844 3845 3846 3847 3848 30000 30001 30002 30003 30004 30005 30006 30007 30008 30009 30010 30011 30012 30013 30014 30015 30016 30017 30018 30019 30020 30021 30022 30023 30024 30025 30026 30027 30028 30029 30030 30031 30032 30033 30034 30039 30040 58152 58210 58335 59234 59829 60258 60853 61282 62306 CS Indic CSX Indic CSX+ Indic CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický KOI8 Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	367 371 806 813 819 895 896 912 913 914 915 916 919 920 921/901 922/902 923 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 963 964 965 970 971 1004 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1029 1036 1089 1111 1124 1129/1163 1133 1350 1382 1383
IBM Apple Macintosh emulations	1275 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286
IBM Adobe emulations	1038 1276 1277
IBM DEC emulations	1020 1021 1023 1090 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1287 1288
IBM HP emulations	1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058
Windows code pages	CER-GS 874/1162 (TIS-620) 932/943 (Shift JIS) 936/1386 (GBK) 950/1370 (Big5) 949/1363 (EUC-KR) 1169 1174 Extended Latin-8 1200 (UTF-16LE) 1201 (UTF-16BE) 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1261 1270 54936 (GB18030) Armenian Cyrillic + Finnish Cyrillic + French Cyrillic + German Georgian Polytonic Greek 65001 (UTF-8)
EBCDIC code pages	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37/1140 37-2 38 39 40 251 252 254 256 257 258 259 260 264 273/1141 274 275 276 277/1142 278/1143 279 280/1144 281 282 283 284/1145 285/1146 286 287 288 289 290 293 297/1147 298 300 310 320 321 322 330 351 352 353 355 357 358 359 360 361 363 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 410 420 421 423 424 425 435 500/1148 803 829 833 834 835 836 837 838/1160 839 870/1110/1153 871/1149 875 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 892 893 905 918 924 930/1390 931 933/1364 935/1388 937/1371 939/1399 1001 1002 1003 1005 1007 1024 1025/1154 1026/1155 1027 1028 1030 1031 1032 1033 1037 1047 1068 1069 1070 1071 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1087 1091 1097 1112/1156 1113 1122/1157 1123/1158 1130/1164 1132 1136 1137 1150 1151 1152 1159 1165 1166 1278 1279 1303 1364 1376 1377 JEF KEIS
DEC terminals (VTx)	Multinational (MCS) National Replacement (NRCS) French Canadian Swiss Spanish United Kingdom Dutch Finnish French Norwegian and Danish Swedish Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 8-bit Greek 8-bit Turkish 7-bit Hebrew 8-bit Hebrew Special Graphics Technical (TCS)
Platform specific	Acorn Adobe Standard Adobe Latin 1 Amstrad CPC Apple I Apple II Apple III ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC Compucolor II CP/M+ DEC RADIX 50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International ELWRO-Junior FIELDATA GEM GEOS GSM 03.38 HP Roman Extension HP Roman-8 HP Roman-9 HP FOCAL HP RPL LICS LMBCS Mattel Aquarius Minitel MSX NEC APC NeXT OricSCII PCW PETSCII Sega SC-3000 Sharp calculators Sharp MZ Sinclair QL SQUOZE Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International Ventura Symbol WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 (UTF-16LE/UTF-16BE) / UCS-2 UTF-32 (UTF-32LE/UTF-32BE) / UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU
TeX typesetting system	Cork IL1 IL2 IL3 L7X LGR LY1 OML OMS OMX OT1 OT2 OT3 OT4 PL0 QX T2A T2B T2C T2D T3 T4 T5 TS1 TS3 U X2
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP APL 293 310 (Graphic Escape) 351 (GDDM) 907 (OEM) ISO-IR-68 ARIB STD-B24 HZ IEC-P27-1 INIS 7-bit 8-bit Cyrillic ISO-IR-169 ISO 2033 Johab SEASCII Stanford/ITS TACE16 TRON UTF-5 UTF-6 WTF-8
Related topics	Code page Control character (C0 C1) CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware ISO 6429/IEC 6429/ANSI X3.64 Mojibake
Character sets