GOST 10859

GOST 10859 (1964) is a standard of the Soviet Union which defined how to encode data on punched cards. This standard allowed a variable word size, depending on the type of data being encoded, but only uppercase characters.

These include the non-ASCII ⏨ (U+23E8 ⏨ DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL). It was used to express real numbers in scientific notation. For example: 6.0221415⏨23.

The ⏨ character was also part of the ALGOL programming language specifications and was incorporated into the then German character encoding standard ALCOR. GOST 10859 also included numerous other non-ASCII characters/symbols useful to ALGOL programmers, e.g.: ∨, ∧, ⊃, ≡, ¬, ≠, ↑, ↓, ×, ÷, ≤, ≥, °, &, ∅, compare with ALGOL operators.

The ␡ character served the same function as the ␡ in 7-bit ASCII.

4-bit code: Binary-coded decimal
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_ 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 +
002B		 -
002D		 /
002F		 ,
002C		 .
002E		 DEL
007F

5-bit code: with BCD & mathematical operators
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_ 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 +
002B		 -
002D		 /
002F		 ,
002C		 .
002E		 SP
0020
1_ ⏨
23E8		 ↑
2191		 (
0028		 )
0029		 ×
00D7		 =
003D		 ;
003B		 [
005B		 ]
005D		 *
002A		 ‘
2018		 ’
2019		 ≠
2260		 <
003C		 >
003E		 DEL
007F

6-bit code: with only Cyrillic upper-case letters
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_ 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 +
002B		 -
002D		 /
002F		 ,
002C		 .
002E		 SP
0020
1_ ⏨
23E8		 ↑
2191		 (
0028		 )
0029		 ×
00D7		 =
003D		 ;
003B		 [
005B		 ]
005D		 *
002A		 ‘
2018		 ’
2019		 ≠
2260		 <
003C		 >
003E		 :
003A
2_ А
0410		 Б
0411		 В
0412		 Г
0413		 Д
0414		 Е
0415		 Ж
0416		 З
0417		 И
0418		 Й
0419		 К
041A		 Л
041B		 М
041C		 Н
041D		 О
041E		 П
041F
3_ Р
0420		 С
0421		 Т
0422		 У
0423		 Ф
0424		 Х
0425		 Ц
0426		 Ч
0427		 Ш
0428		 Щ
0429		 Ы
042B		 Ь
042C		 Э
042D		 Ю
042E		 Я
042F		 DEL
007F

7-bit code: Cyrillic and Latin upper-case letters
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_ 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 +
002B		 -
002D		 /
002F		 ,
002C		 .
002E		 SP
0020
1_ ⏨
23E8		 ↑
2191		 (
0028		 )
0029		 ×
00D7		 =
003D		 ;
003B		 [
005B		 ]
005D		 *
002A		 ‘
2018		 ’
2019		 ≠
2260		 <
003C		 >
003E		 :
003A
2_ А[lower-alpha 1]
0410/0041		 Б
0411		 В[lower-alpha 1]
0412/0042		 Г
0413		 Д
0414		 Е[lower-alpha 1]
0415/0045		 Ж
0416		 З
0417		 И
0418		 Й
0419		 К[lower-alpha 1]
041A/004A		 Л
041B		 М[lower-alpha 1]
041C/004C		 Н[lower-alpha 1]
041D/0048		 О[lower-alpha 1]
041E/004E		 П
041F
3_ Р[lower-alpha 1]
0420/0050		 С[lower-alpha 1]
0421/0043		 Т[lower-alpha 1]
0422/0054		 У[lower-alpha 1]
0423/0059		 Ф
0424		 Х[lower-alpha 1]
0425/0058		 Ц
0426		 Ч
0427		 Ш
0428		 Щ
0429		 Ы
042B		 Ь
042C		 Э
042D		 Ю
042E		 Я
042F		 D
0044
4_ F
0046		 G
0047		 I
0049		 J
004A		 L
004C		 N
004E		 Q
0051		 R
0052		 S
0053		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 Z
005A		 ‾
203E		 ≤
2264		 ≥
2265
5_ ∨
2228		 ∧
2227		 ⊃
2283		 ¬
00AC		 ÷
00F7		 ≡
2261		 %
0025		 ◊
25CA		 |
007C		 —
2014		 _
005F		 !
0021		 "
0022		 Ъ
042A		 °
00B0		 '
0027
6_ →
2192		 ←
2190		 ?
003F		 ↓
2193		 ∅
2205		 ±
00B1		 ∇
2207
7_ DEL
007F

6-bit code: with only Latin upper-case letters
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_ 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 +
002B		 -
002D		 /
002F		 ,
002C		 .
002E		 SP
0020
1_ ⏨
23E8		 ↑
2191		 (
0028		 )
0029		 ×
00D7		 =
003D		 ;
003B		 [
005B		 ]
005D		 *
002A		 ‘
2018		 ’
2019		 ≠
2260		 <
003C		 >
003E		 :
003A
2_ A
0041		 B
0042		 C
0043		 D
0044		 E
0045		 F
0046		 G
0047		 H
0048		 I
0049		 J
004A		 K
004B		 L
004C		 M
004D		 N
004E		 O
004F		 P
0050
3_ Q
0051		 R
0052		 S
0053		 T
0054		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 X
0058		 Y
0059		 Z
005A		 ∨
2228		 ∧
2227		 ⊃
2283		 ¬
00AC		 ÷
00F7		 DEL
007F

  Letter   Number   Punctuation   Symbol   Other   Undefined

See also

Notes
  1. Cyrillic and Latin letters with identical (A, B, C, E, H, K, M, O, P, T, X) and similar (Y/У) glyphs were unified.

References
  • (in Russian) ГОСТ 10859-64. Машины вычислительные. Коды алфавитно-цифровые для перфокарт и перфолент.
  • GOST 10859 (from the Computer Museum of University of Amsterdam)
  • GOST 10859

Further reading
  • Savard, John J. G. (2018) [2005]. "Computer Arithmetic". quadibloc. The Early Days of Hexadecimal. Archived from the original on 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
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