KOI-7

KOI-7 (КОИ-7) is a 7-bit character encoding, designed to cover Russian, which uses the Cyrillic alphabet.

Short KOI
KermitSHORT-KOI
Alias(es)KOI-7 N2, ВКД
Language(s)Russian
StandardGOST 13052, GOST 27463
Classification7-bit KOI encoding
Preceded byMTK-2
Succeeded byKOI-8
Other related encoding(s)YUSCII, ISO 646
KOI-7 Switched
MIME / IANAKOI7-switched
Alias(es)csKOI7switched
Language(s)Russian
StandardGOST 13052, GOST 27463
Classification7-bit stateful KOI encoding
Transforms / EncodesISO 646:IRV (shift-in)
KOI-7 N1 (shift-out)
Preceded byMTK-2
Succeeded byKOI-8
Other related encoding(s)YUSCII

In Russian, KOI-7 stands for Kod Obmena Informatsiey, 7 bit (Код Обмена Информацией, 7 бит) which means "Code for Information Exchange, 7 bit".[1]

It was first standardized in GOST 13052-67 (with the 2nd revision GOST 13052-74 / ST SEV 356-76) and GOST 27463-87 / ST SEV 356-86.

Shift Out (SO) and Shift In (SI) control characters are used in KOI-7, where SO starts printing Russian letters (KOI-7 N1), and SI starts printing Latin letters again (KOI-7 N0), or for lowercase and uppercase switching. This version is also known as KOI7-switched aka csKOI7switched.[2][3]

On ISO 2022 compatible computer terminals KOI7-switched can be activated by the escape sequence ESC ( @ ESC ) N LS0.[2]

KOI-7 was used on machines like the SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) and DVK (ДВК); KOI-7 N2 was utilized in the machine-language of the Электроника Д3-28 (Elektronika D3-28) as four-digit hexadecimal code, БЭСМ-6 (BESM-6), where it was called ВКД, (internal data code). The encodings were also used on RSX-11, RT-11 and similar systems.[4]

KOI-7 N0

KOI-7 N0[2] (КОИ-7 Н0[1]) is identical to the IRV set in ISO 646:1967.[2] Compared to US-ASCII, the dollar sign ("$") at code point 24 (hex) was replaced by the universal currency sign "¤", but this was not maintained in all cases, in particular not after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Likewise, the IRV set in ISO/IEC 646:1991 also changed the character back to a dollar sign.

KOI-7 N0
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_
0		 NUL
0000		 SOH
0001		 STX
0002		 ETX
0003		 EOT
0004		 ENQ
0005		 ACK
0006		 BEL
0007		 BS
0008		 HT
0009		 LF
000A		 VT
000B		 FF
000C		 CR
000D		 SO
000E		 SI
000F
1_
16		 DLE
0010		 DC1
0011		 DC2
0012		 DC3
0013		 DC4
0014		 NAK
0015		 SYN
0016		 ETB
0017		 CAN
0018		 EM
0019		 SUB
001A		 ESC
001B		 FS
001C		 GS
001D		 RS
001E		 US
001F
2_
32		 SP
0020		 !
0021		 "
0022		 #
0023		 ¤/$
00A4/0024		 %
0025		 &
0026		 '
0027		 (
0028		 )
0029		 *
002A		 +
002B		 ,
002C		 -
002D		 .
002E		 /
002F
3_
48		 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 :
003A		 ;
003B		 <
003C		 =
003D		 >
003E		 ?
003F
4_
64		 @
0040		 A
0041		 B
0042		 C
0043		 D
0044		 E
0045		 F
0046		 G
0047		 H
0048		 I
0049		 J
004A		 K
004B		 L
004C		 M
004D		 N
004E		 O
004F
5_
80		 P
0050		 Q
0051		 R
0052		 S
0053		 T
0054		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 X
0058		 Y
0059		 Z
005A		 [
005B		 \
005C		 ]
005D		 ^
005E		 _
005F
6_
96		 `
0060		 a
0061		 b
0062		 c
0063		 d
0064		 e
0065		 f
0066		 g
0067		 h
0068		 i
0069		 j
006A		 k
006B		 l
006C		 m
006D		 n
006E		 o
006F
7_
112		 p
0070		 q
0071		 r
0072		 s
0073		 t
0074		 u
0075		 v
0076		 w
0077		 x
0078		 y
0079		 z
007A		 {
007B		 |
007C		 }
007D		 ~
007E		 DEL
007F

  Letter   Number   Punctuation   Symbol   Other   Undefined

KOI-7 N1

KOI-7 N1 (КОИ-7 Н1[1]) was first standardized in GOST 13052-67,[5][6][7] and later also in ISO 5427.[2] It is sometimes referred to as "koi-0" as well.[6]

Compared to ASCII and ISO 646 uppercase and lowercase letters are swapped in order to make it easier to recognize Russian text when presented using ASCII.[6]

To trim the alphabet into chunks of 32 characters the dotted Ё/ë was dropped.[6] In order to avoid conflicts with ASCII's and ISO 646's definition as DEL and its usage as EOF marker (-1) in some systems, it dropped the "CAPITAL HARD SIGN" Ъ that would have naturally resided at this location.[6]

In a Bulgarian variant the unnecessary Russian "CAPITAL YERY" Ы at code point 121 was replaced by the "CAPITAL HARD SIGN" Ъ.[6]

KOI-7 N1[7]
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_
0		 NUL
0000		 SOH
0001		 STX
0002		 ETX
0003		 EOT
0004		 ENQ
0005		 ACK
0006		 BEL
0007		 BS
0008		 HT
0009		 LF
000A		 VT
000B		 FF
000C		 CR
000D		 SO
000E		 SI
000F
1_
16		 DLE
0010		 DC1
0011		 DC2
0012		 DC3
0013		 DC4
0014		 NAK
0015		 SYN
0016		 ETB
0017		 CAN
0018		 EM
0019		 SUB
001A		 ESC
001B		 FS
001C		 GS
001D		 RS
001E		 US
001F
2_
32		 SP
0020		 !
0021		 "
0022		 #
0023		 ¤/$
00A4/0024		 %
0025		 &
0026		 '
0027		 (
0028		 )
0029		 *
002A		 +
002B		 ,
002C		 -
002D		 .
002E		 /
002F
3_
48		 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 :
003A		 ;
003B		 <
003C		 =
003D		 >
003E		 ?
003F
4_
64		 ю
044E		 а
0430		 б
0431		 ц
0446		 д
0434		 е
0435		 ф
0444		 г
0433		 х
0445		 и
0438		 й
0439		 к
043A		 л
043B		 м
043C		 н
043D		 о
043E
5_
80		 п
043F		 я
044F		 р
0440		 с
0441		 т
0442		 у
0443		 ж
0436		 в
0432		 ь
044C		 ы
044B		 з
0437		 ш
0448		 э
044D		 щ
0449		 ч
0447		 ъ
044A
6_
96		 Ю
042E		 А
0410		 Б
0411		 Ц
0426		 Д
0414		 Е
0415		 Ф
0424		 Г
0413		 Х
0425		 И
0418		 Й
0419		 К
041A		 Л
041B		 М
041C		 Н
041D		 О
041E
7_
112		 П
041F		 Я
042F		 Р
0420		 С
0421		 Т
0422		 У
0423		 Ж
0416		 В
0412		 Ь
042C		 Ы/Ъ
042B/042A		 З
0417		 Ш
0428		 Э
042D		 Щ
0429		 Ч
0427		 DEL
007F

  Letter   Number   Punctuation   Symbol   Other   Undefined

KOI-7 N2

KOI-7 N2 (КОИ-7 Н2[1]), like KOI-7 N1, was also standardized in GOST 13052-67.[7]

Kermit names it SHORT-KOI / short-koi.[8][9]

KOI-7 N2[7][9]
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_
0		 NUL
0000		 SOH
0001		 STX
0002		 ETX
0003		 EOT
0004		 ENQ
0005		 ACK
0006		 BEL
0007		 BS
0008		 HT
0009		 LF
000A		 VT
000B		 FF
000C		 CR
000D		 SO
000E		 SI
000F
1_
16		 DLE
0010		 DC1
0011		 DC2
0012		 DC3
0013		 DC4
0014		 NAK
0015		 SYN
0016		 ETB
0017		 CAN
0018		 EM
0019		 SUB
001A		 ESC
001B		 FS
001C		 GS
001D		 RS
001E		 US
001F
2_
32		 SP
0020		 !
0021		 "
0022		 #
0023		 ¤/$
00A4/0024		 %
0025		 &
0026		 '
0027		 (
0028		 )
0029		 *
002A		 +
002B		 ,
002C		 -
002D		 .
002E		 /
002F
3_
48		 0
0030		 1
0031		 2
0032		 3
0033		 4
0034		 5
0035		 6
0036		 7
0037		 8
0038		 9
0039		 :
003A		 ;
003B		 <
003C		 =
003D		 >
003E		 ?
003F
4_
64		 @
0040		 A
0041		 B
0042		 C
0043		 D
0044		 E
0045		 F
0046		 G
0047		 H
0048		 I
0049		 J
004A		 K
004B		 L
004C		 M
004D		 N
004E		 O
004F
5_
80		 P
0050		 Q
0051		 R
0052		 S
0053		 T
0054		 U
0055		 V
0056		 W
0057		 X
0058		 Y
0059		 Z
005A		 [
005B		 \
005C		 ]
005D		 ↑/^
2191/005E		 _
005F
6_
96		 Ю
042E		 А
0410		 Б
0411		 Ц
0426		 Д
0414		 Е
0415		 Ф
0424		 Г
0413		 Х
0425		 И
0418		 Й
0419		 К
041A		 Л
041B		 М
041C		 Н
041D		 О
041E
7_
112		 П
041F		 Я
042F		 Р
0420		 С
0421		 Т
0422		 У
0423		 Ж
0416		 В
0412		 Ь
042C		 Ы
042B		 З
0417		 Ш
0428		 Э
042D		 Щ
0429		 Ч
0427		 DEL
007F

  Letter   Number   Punctuation   Symbol   Other   Undefined

See also

References
  1. ГОСТ 27463-87. Системы обработки информации. 7-битные кодированные наборы символов (с Изменением N 1) [GOST 27463-87. Information processing systems. 7-bit coded character sets] (in Russian). Госстандарт СССР. 1987-10-29. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  2. Sokolov, Michael (2004-01-23). "Charset name: KOI7-switched". International Free Computing Task Force (IFCTF). Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  3. Freed, Ned; Dürst, Martin, eds. (2013-12-20). "Character Sets". RFC2978. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  4. Nechayev, Valentin (2013) [2001]. "Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
  5. Clews, John (1988). Language Automation Worldwide - The Development of Character Set Standards (1 ed.). Sesame Computer Projects. ISBN 1-87009501-4. ISBN 978-1-87009501-3.
  6. Czyborra, Roman (1998-11-30) [1998-05-25]. "The Cyrillic Charset Soup". Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  7. Hohlov, Yu. E. "Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form - Character Set (Code Page) Tables". Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
  8. da Cruz, Frank (2010-04-02). "Kermit and MIME Character-Set Names". The Kermit Project. Columbia University, New York, USA. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  9. "SHORT KOI (KOI-7)". Kermit. Columbia University. Retrieved 2020-06-24.

Further reading
  • Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). "CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3". 1.3. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
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