Timeline of Australian history

This is a timeline of Australian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Australia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Australia. See also the list of Prime Ministers of Australia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

16th century
YearDateEvent
1521Several writers have argued that Portuguese expeditions visited Australia at this time.[1][2] However, historians generally disagree and the evidence remains contentious.[3][4] (to 1522)

17th century
YearDateEvent
1606February/MarchThe Dutch East India Company (VOC) ship Duyfken, under Captain Willem Janszoon, explored the western coast of Cape York Peninsula, near what is now Weipa. This was the first recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil.
MayPedro Fernandes de Queirós believed that he had found the southern continent. He named it La Austrialia del Espiritu Santo, in honor of Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain. He was actually in Vanuatu.
AugustPortuguese or Spanish seaman Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea, along the latter's southern coast. Torres reported 'shoals', some of which may have been the northernmost atolls of the Great Barrier Reef.
161625 OctoberDutch captain Dirk Hartog in the Eendracht made the second recorded landfall by a European, at Dirk Hartog Island on the western coast of Australia. He left a commemorative plate, the Hartog Plate.
1618JulyVOC ship Mauritius under command of Supercargo Willem Janszoon, landed near North West Cape, near the modern town of Exmouth, and named Willem's River, later renamed Ashburton River.
16221 MayThe English ship Tryall sighted Point Cloates on the west coast of Australia.[5]
25 MayThe Tryall was wrecked on Tryal Rocks, northwest of the Montebello Islands, crew spent seven days ashore before sailing a longboat to Bantam in Java – this was the first recorded shipwreck in Australian waters and first extended stay in Australia by Europeans.[5]
1623Dutch captain Jan Carstensz navigated the Gulf of Carpentaria aboard the Pera and Arnhem. The Arnhem crossed the Gulf to reach and name Groote Eylandt.
16294 JuneVOC ship Batavia wrecked on Houtman Abrolhos, off Geraldton. Mutiny ensued and at least 110 men, women and children were murdered. First European structure in Australia – Wiebbe Hayes Stone Fort on West Wallabi Island.
1642Dutch explorer Abel Tasman explored the west coast of Tasmania, landed on its east coast and named the island Anthoonij van Diemenslandt.
165628 AprilIn 1656 the Vergulde Draeck struck a submerged coral reef midway between what are now the coastal towns of Seabird and Ledge Point, Western Australia. On board were 193 crew, eight boxes of silver coins worth 78,600 guilders and trade goods to the value of 106,400 guilders. Of the 193 crew, 118 are believed to have perished. The initial 75 survivors, including the ship's captain Pieter Albertszoon, and the under steersman, made it to shore. They had with them the ship's boat, a schuyt, along with a small amount of provisions and stores washed on shore. A number of rescue attempts was conducted by the Dutch East India Company once the loss was reported.
1681English navigator John Daniel on the New London charted the west coast of Australia, including Rottnest Island and the Wallabi Group of the Houtman Abrolhos.
1688English explorer William Dampier explored the west coast of Australia.
1696Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh charted the southwestern coast of Australia, making a landfall at Rottnest Island and the site of the present-day city of Perth.

18th century
YearDateEvent
1770English Lieutenant James Cook's expedition in HMS Endeavour charted the eastern coast, and claimed it for the British Crown. Australia was dubbed "terra nullius"[6] i.e., according to the European legal precepts of the era, it was unclaimed by any sovereign nation.
178713 MayThe First Fleet of 11 ships, led by Governor Arthur Phillip, departed from Great Britain for Australia to begin European colonisation.[7]
17883 JanuaryCaptain Arthur Phillip of the (First Fleet), having decided to sail ahead of the rest of the fleet to prepare for the new settlement, sighted the coast of Van Diemen's Land.
18 JanuaryAt 2:15 pm, the brig HMS Supply anchored on the northern side of Botany Bay. He began exploring the surrounding countryside and made contact with the Aboriginal Australians.
19 JanuaryIn the morning, the transports Alexander, Friendship and Scarborough arrived at Botany Bay, watched by a large number of Indigenous Australians who gathered on Point Solander.
20 JanuaryThe remaining seven ships of the First Fleet, led by HMS Sirius, anchored in Botany Bay.
21 JanuaryDeciding that Botany Bay was unsuitable for settlement, Captain Arthur Phillip set out with a party in three open boats to seek out another site. He later reported to Lord Sydney, British Secretary of State; "We got into Port Jackson early in the Afternoon, and had the satisfaction of finding the finest harbour in the world, in which a thousand Sail of the line may ride in the most perfect security." He selected a cove with a stream and named it Sydney Cove.
24 JanuaryThe French ships Boussole and Astrolabe commanded by Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse appeared off Botany Bay.
25 JanuaryCaptain Phillip sailed out of Botany Bay aboard the Supply and reached Sydney Cove in the evening.
26 JanuaryEarly in the morning, Captain Phillip took a party ashore at Sydney Cove, raised the British colours and formally proclaimed British sovereignty over New South Wales. This day is now celebrated as Australia Day. In a ceremony at sunset Phillip and the officers drank to the health of the king and the royal family, and success to the new colony. In the meantime, La Perouse entered Botany Bay as the remaining British ships prepared to leave.
27 JanuaryConvicts disembarked at Sydney Cove and helped clear the ground.
28 January17 Wives of marines and 14 children disembarked from Prince of Wales. They were the first women and children to land. The first of the livestock was brought ashore.
3 FebruaryRev. Richard Johnson held the colony's first religious service ‘on the grass’.
6 FebruaryThe women convicts came ashore. There followed a ‘scene of debauchery and riot’, accompanied by a violent thunderstorm.
7 FebruaryThe whole party assembled on the west side of Sydney Cove, where the deputy judge-advocate David Collins read the King's commission establishing Phillip's governorship over the colony and the letters patent establishing civil and criminal courts. Phillip addressed the convicts, wishing them ‘reformation, happiness, and prosperity, in this new country'.
11 FebruaryAt the first criminal court, Samuel Barnsley was sentenced to 150 lashes for assault and Thomas Hill to confinement in irons on a small rocky island at the head of the cove for stealing bread.
14 FebruaryLt. Philip Gidley King sailed with a party of 23 including 15 convicts, in Supply to found a settlement on Norfolk Island, where native flax was to be harvested and others grown.
17 FebruaryRev. Johnson celebrated Holy Communion for the first time in the colony, according to the rites of the church of England. The Communion took place in the tent of Lt. Ralph Clark. Lt. Henry Ball, commander of the Supply on its way to Norfolk Island, discovered an island that he named after Admiral Lord Howe.
27 FebruaryThomas Barratt was hanged for stealing in stores, the first execution.
29 FebruaryJames Freeman was pardoned for stealing flour, on the condition that he became public executioner.
2 MarchPhillip set out to explore Broken Bay. On this trip he visited and named Pittwater.
6 MarchLt. King took possession of Norfolk Island. British settlement founded.
10 MarchThe two French ships left Botany Bay, and were later wrecked near Santa Cruz (Solomon Islands).
MarchPhillip issued the first government conservation order: that no trees should be cut down within 50 feet (15 metres) of the stream that ran into Sydney Cove.
26 AprilAn exploring party led by Phillip sighted and named the Blue Mountains.
6 MayFollowing an outbreak of scurvy, HMS Supply sailed for Lord Howe Island to catch turtles to supplement the settlement's meat supply. Having failed to catch any, it returned on 25 May.
21 MayAboriginal peoples killed a convict and seriously injured another.
30 MayThe bodies of two rushcutters, William Okey and Samuel Davis, were found pierced with spears and beaten, evidently on reprisal for stealing a canoe belonging to Aboriginals. The next day Phillip led a party to apprehend the murderers, but he was unable to identify them.
JuneOwing to the neglect of the convict who was supposed to look after them, two bulls and four cows strayed from the settlement and were lost.
5 JulyIn a despatch to the under-secretary of state, Evan Nepean, Phillip recorded the rations for marines and male convicts. For seven days each received 7 pounds of bread or in lieu thereof 7 pounds of flour, 7 pounds of beef or in lieu thereof pork, 3 pins of pease, 6 ounces of butter, 1 pound of flour or in lieu thereof 12 pounds of rice. The women received two-thirds of this amount and the children generally had one-third although some received as much as the women.
20 AugustLt. William Bligh in HMS Bounty, en route to Tahiti, anchored at Adventure Bay, Van Diemen's Land. The party planted apple trees, fruit stones and various vegetables before departing on 4 September.
28 SeptemberPhillip decided to send HMS Sirius to Cape Town for urgently needed food supplies.
SeptemberThe last remaining cow was killed.
2 NovemberA party of marines from the New South Wales Marine Corps and 10 convicts left to establish a farming settlement at Rose Hill (Later called Parramatta).
19 NovemberThe last two ships of the First Fleet, Golden Grove and Fishburn, sailed for England with despatches and reports.
11 DecemberPhillip set out to explore Botany Bay, where he examined the Cook's, George's and Woronora Rivers.
31 DecemberBecause the Aboriginal Australians could not be coaxed into the settlement, one named Arabanoo was captured and held in confinement. Phillip hoped to learn his language and so to promote good relations between Aboriginal Australians and Europeans.
17903–28 June5 of 6 ships of the beleaguered Second Fleet arrived. The colony was gripped by a food crisis.
17919 JulyThe first ship of the Third Fleet arrived at Sydney Cove.
1792Two French ships, Recherche and Espérance, anchor at Recherche Bay, near the southernmost point of Tasmania.
Governor Philip returned to England, accompanied by Bennelong, who became the first Australian-born person to sail to Europe.
1797Sydney Cove was wrecked and some survivors travelled from Bass Strait to Port Jackson, enabling the rescue of others. This also furthered knowledge of the geography of Australia.
1798George Bass and Matthew Flinders sailed from Sydney and circumnavigated Tasmania, thus proving it to be an island. (to 1799)

19th century
YearDate
1803Matthew Flinders completed the first circumnavigation of the continent (still known as "New Holland")
1804A settlement was founded at Risdon on the Derwent River in Van Diemen's Land by Lt. John Bowen.
4–5 MarchCastle Hill convict rebellion, also known as the second Battle of Vinegar Hill, occurred in New South Wales.
20 FebruaryThe Risdon settlement was moved to Sullivan's Cove (now Hobart) by Colonel David Collins.
1808The Rum Rebellion
1813Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains.
Matthew Flinders referred to New South Wales by the name "Australia".
1817John Oxley charts the Lachlan River
Australia's first bank, the Bank of New South Wales, opened in Macquarie Place, Sydney. (The bank became Westpac in 1982).
Governor Lachlan Macquarie petitioned the British Admiralty to use the name "Australia" instead of "New Holland"
1818Oxley charted the Macquarie River.
1824A penal colony was founded at Moreton Bay, now the city of Brisbane.
Bathurst and Melville Islands were annexed.
Permission was granted to change the name of the continent from "New Holland" to "Australia"
The Hume and Hovell expedition travelled overland to Port Phillip Bay and encountered the Murray River
1825The New South Wales western border was extended to 129° E. Van Diemen's Land was proclaimed.
182626 DecemberNew South Wales established first settlement in Western Australia at King George Sound as a convict-supported military garrison, named Frederick Town but renamed Albany in 1832
182721 JanuaryThe whole of Australia was claimed as British territory when Major Edmund Lockyer formally annexed the western portion in a ceremony at King George Sound.[8][9]
1829Charles Sturt charted the Darling River.
2 MayCaptain Charles Fremantle took possession of the western side of Australia for the British crown.
12 AugustThe settlement of Perth was founded.
1830Sturt arrived at Goolwa, having charted the Murray River.
7 OctoberThe Black Line, a huge six-week military offensive, is launched, using moving cordons to drive all Aboriginal Tasmanians from the colony's settled districts to the Tasman Peninsula.
18317 MarchAdministration of King George Sound passes to Swan River Colony, convicts returned to New South Wales.[8]
18 AprilThe Sydney Herald (later to become The Sydney Morning Herald) was first published.
1832Swan River Colony had its name changed to Western Australia.
1833The penal settlement of Port Arthur was founded in Van Diemen's Land.
1834The Tolpuddle Martyrs are transported to Sydney and Hobart.
183530 AugustJohn Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner established a settlement at Port Phillip, now the city of Melbourne.
William Wentworth established Australian Patriotic Association, Australia's first political party, to demand democracy for New South Wales.
183628 DecemberProvince of South Australia proclaimed with its western border at 132° E.
1838First Prussian settlers arrived in South Australia; the largest group of non-British migrants in Australia at the time.
1839Paul Edmund Strzelecki became the first European to ascend and name Australia's highest peak, Mount Kosciuszko.
9 SeptemberHMS Beagle sailed into Darwin Harbour during its surveying of the area. John Clements Wickham named the area Port Darwin in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin. The settlement became the town of Palmerston in 1869 and was renamed Darwin in 1911.
1840Australia's first municipal authority, the City of Adelaide, was established, followed by Sydney City Council.
18411 JulyNew Zealand was proclaimed as a separate colony, no longer part of New South Wales.
1842Copper was discovered at Kapunda in South Australia.
1843Australia's first parliamentary elections was held for the New South Wales Legislative Council (though voting rights are restricted to males of certain wealth or property).
18454 AugustThe ship Cataraqui was wrecked off King Island in Bass Strait. It is Australia's worst civil maritime disaster, with 406 lives lost.
Copper was discovered at Burra in South Australia.
18491 JuneWestern Australia became a penal colony.
1850Australian Colonies Government Act [1850] granted representative constitutions to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. These colonies set about writing constitutions which produced democratically progressive parliaments.
1 OctoberAustralia's first university, the University of Sydney, was founded.
18511 JulyVictoria separated from New South Wales.
The Victorian gold rush started when gold was found at Summerhill Creek and Ballarat.
15 DecemberForest Creek Monster Meeting of miners at Chewton near Castlemaine
1852Francis Cadell, in preparation for the launch of his steamer service, explored the Murray River in a canvas boat, travelling 1,300 miles (2,100 km) downstream from Swan Hill.[10]
1853First paddle steamers on Murray River on the spring flood. From South Australia, the Lady Augusta captained by Francis Cadell, reached Swan Hill while Mary Ann captained by William Randell, made it as far as Moama (near Echuca).[11]
Bendigo Petition and Red Ribbon Rebellion at Bendigo
18543 DecemberThe Eureka Stockade
1855The transportation of convicts to Norfolk Island ceased.
Men of European heritage over 21 years of age obtained the right to vote in South Australia.
18561 JanuaryVan Diemen's Land name changed to Tasmania.
1857Victorian Committee reported that a 'federal union' would be in the interests of all the growing colonies. However, there was not enough interest in or enthusiasm for taking positive steps towards bringing the colonies together.
Victorian men of European heritage achieved the right to vote.
1858Sydney and Melbourne linked by electric telegraph.
New South Wales men of European heritage achieved the right to vote.
18596 AugustSS Admella wrecked off south-east coast of South Australia with the loss of 89 lives.
Australian rules football codified, Melbourne Football Club founded
6 JuneQueensland separated from New South Wales with its western border at 141° E.
1860John McDouall Stuart reached the centre of the continent. The South Australian border changed from 132° E to 129° E.
1861The ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition occurred.
Skiing in Australia introduced by Norwegians in the Snowy Mountains goldrush town of Kiandra.
1862Stuart reached Port Darwin, founding a settlement there. Queensland's western border was moved to 139° E.
1863South Australia took control of the Northern Territory which was previously part of the colony of New South Wales.
1864Great Fire of Brisbane
1867Gold was discovered at Gympie, Queensland.
Saint Mary MacKillop founded Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart.
1868The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceased.
1869Children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent are removed from their families by Australian and State government agencies. This practice lasted 100 years and is known as the Stolen Generation.
187222 AugustThe Overland Telegraph Line linking Darwin and Adelaide opened.
1873Uluru was first sighted by Europeans, and named Ayers Rock.
187524 FebruarySS Gothenburg strikes Old Reef off Bowen, North Queensland and sank with the loss of approximately 102 lives.
SeptemberAdelaide Steamship Company was formed.
1878First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide.
1879The first congress of trade unions was held.
188011 NovemberThe bushranger Ned Kelly was hanged.
Parliamentarians in Victoria became the first in Australia to be paid for their work.
1882First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced operations in Adelaide.
1883The opening of the Sydney–Melbourne railway.
Silver was discovered at Broken Hill
188715–19 MarchThe first Test match is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
The first direct Inter-colonial passenger trains began running between Adelaide and Melbourne.
Gold was discovered at Southern Cross, Western Australia.
1888Louisa Lawson established The Dawn: A Journal for Australian Women.
1889The completion of the railway network between Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney.
24 OctoberSir Henry Parkes delivered the Tenterfield Oration.
1890The Australian Federation Conference called a constitutional convention.
26 AprilBanjo Paterson published "The Man from Snowy River"
1891A National Australasian Convention met and agreed on adopting the name "the Commonwealth of Australia," also drafting a constitution.
The first attempt at a federal constitution was drafted.
The Convention adopts the constitution, although it had no legal status
A severe depression hit Australia
1893The Corowa Conference (the "people's convention") called on the colonial parliaments to pass enabling acts, allowing the election of delegates to a new constitutional convention aimed at drafting a proposal and putting it to a referendum in each colony.
1894South Australia became the first Australian colony, and the second place in the world, to grant women the right to vote, as well the first Parliament in the world to allow women to stand for office.
1895The premiers, except for those of Queensland and Western Australia, agreed to implement the Corowa proposals.
"Waltzing Matilda" was first sung in public, in Winton, Queensland
1896The Bathurst Conference (the second "people's convention") met to discuss the 1891 draft constitution.
1897In two sessions, the Second National Australasian Convention met (with representatives from all colonies except Queensland present). They agreed to adopt a constitution based on 1891 draft, and then revised and amended it later that year. Catherine Helen Spence became the first female political candidate for political office, standing for election as a representative for South Australia.
1898The Convention agreed on a final draft to be put to the people.
After much public debate, the Victorian, South Australian and Tasmanian referendums were successful; the New South Wales referendum narrowly failed. Later New South Wales voted "yes" in a second referendum.
1899The decision was made to site the national capital in New South Wales, but not within 100 miles of Sydney.
22 SeptemberQueensland's offer of troops for the Second Boer War is accepted by the Imperial Government.
4 NovemberThe New South Wales Lancers arrived in Cape Town from London to begin Australia's participation in the Second Boer War.
6 NovemberThe Australian contingent to the Boer War departs Albany on the Medic.
1–7 DecemberThe Australian Labor Party held office for a few days in Queensland, becoming the first trade union party to do so anywhere in the world.
22 DecemberWestern Australia enacted full women's suffrage.
1900Several delegates visited London to resist proposed changes to the agreed-upon constitution.
The constitution was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as a schedule to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, and was given royal assent

20th century
YearDateEvent
19011 JanuaryAustralia becomes a federation. Edmund Barton becomes the 1st Prime Minister of Australia; the 7th Earl of Hopetoun becomes Governor-General.

Black death strikes Australia, just over 100 people killed in Sydney .

The first parliament met in Parliament House, Melbourne
The Immigration Restriction Act was introduced forming the basis of the White Australia policy
The Australian National Flag was flown for the first time
1902The Franchise Act guarantees women the right to vote in federal elections (by this stage, most states had already done this). However, it excludes most non-European ethnic groups, including Aboriginal people, unless already registered to vote on State roles.
King Edward VII approved the design of the Australian flag.
27 FebruaryBreaker Morant is executed for having shot Boers who had surrendered
190325 AugustThe High Court of Australia is established with Samuel Griffith as the first Chief Justice.
The Defence Act gives the federal government full control over the Australian Army
16 December1903 Australian federal election: Alfred Deakin is elected as the 2nd Prime Minister of Australia.
1904A site at Dalgety, New South Wales chosen for the new national capital
Chris Watson forms the first federal Labor (minority) government
27 AprilDeakin resign and Chris Watson assumes office as the 3rd Prime Minister of Australia.
18 AugustGeorge Reid became the 4th Prime Minister of Australia.
19055 JulyAlfred Deakin return to the position of Prime Minister.
1906Australia takes control of south-eastern New Guinea
12 December1906 Australian federal election: Alfred Deakin was reelected.
1908Dorothea Mackellar publishes My Country
The Dalgety proposal for the national capital is revoked, and Canberra is chosen instead.
27 AugustBirth of Donald Bradman in Cootamundra, New South Wales.
13 NovemberAndrew Fisher became 5th Prime Minister of Australia.
1909The first powered aeroplane flight in Australia is made.
2 JuneAlfred Deakin become Prime Minister.
1910Andrew Fisher forms the first federal majority Labor government.
29 AprilAndrew Fisher become Prime Minister.
1911The Royal Australian Navy is founded
The Northern Territory comes under Commonwealth control, being split off from South Australia
The first national census is conducted.
Australian Capital Territory proclaimed.
1912JulyAustralia sends women to the Olympic Games for the first time
22 OctoberThe Central Flying School RAAF in founded which was the foundation for the present force, the Royal Australian Air Force
Walter Burley Griffin wins a design competition for the new city of Canberra
191320 FebruaryThe foundation stone for the city of Canberra is put in place
20 MarchCanberra is officially named as the Capital of Australia.
31 May1913 Australian federal election: Joseph Cook elected as the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
1914Australian soldiers are sent to the First World War. This was first time Australians had fought under the Australian flag, as opposed to that of Britain's.
17 SeptemberAndrew Fisher become Prime Minister.
191525 AprilAustralian soldiers land at ANZAC Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey.
Jervis Bay Territory comprising 6,677 hectares surrendered and becomes part of the Australia Capital Territory.
Surfing is first introduced to Australia
27 OctoberBilly Hughes became the 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
1916Hotels are forced to close at 6 p.m., leading to the beginning of the "six o'clock swill"
Australia suffers heavy casualties in the Western Front Battle of the Somme
The Returned Sailors’ and Soldiers’ Imperial League of Australia, the forerunner to the Returned and Services League of Australia is founded
The Labor government under Billy Hughes splits over conscription. First referendum on conscription is rejected
1917Second referendum on conscription is rejected. Transcontinental railway linking Adelaide to Perth is completed.
5 May1917 Australian federal election: Billy Hughes reelected as Prime Minister.
31 OctoberBattle of Beersheba: Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade launches last cavalry charge in modern warfare to capture Beersheba from the Ottoman Turks.
1918Battle of Amiens: Australian troops spearhead 8 August offensive against Hindenburg Line: the "black day of the German Army". On 12 August, Australian commander General Sir John Monash is knighted in the field of battle by King George V
11 NovemberFirst World War ends – 60,000 Australians dead.
17 DecemberThe Darwin Rebellion takes place, with 1,000 demonstrators demanding the resignation of the Administrator of the Northern Territory, John A. Gilruth.
1919Prime Minister Billy Hughes signs Treaty of Versailles: the first signing of an international treaty by Australia. Australia obtains League of Nations mandate over German New Guinea.
13 December1919 Australian federal election: Billy Hughes reelected as Prime Minister.
1920The airline Qantas is founded
192112 MarchEdith Cowan becomes the first woman elected to an Australian parliament
1922The Smith Family charity is founded in Sydney
2 SeptemberDeath of Henry Lawson aged 55.
16 December1922 Australian federal election: Billy Hughes reelected as Prime Minister.
1923Vegemite is first produced
9 FebruaryStanley Bruce became 8th Prime Minister of Australia.
28 JulyConstruction begins on the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
192516 December1925 Australian federal election: Stanley Bruce reelected as Prime Minister.
1926The first Miss Australia contest is held
19279 MayThe tenth parliament is formally opened in Canberra, finalising the move to the new capital.
13 JuneSlim Dusty (David Kirkpatrick), Country Music Singer and Musician is Born in Kempsey, New South Wales.
1928Bert Hinkler makes the first successful flight from Britain to Australia, and Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first flight from the United States to Australia. The Shrine of Remembrance is built.
1929Western Australia celebrates its centenary
Labor returns to office under James Scullin. The Great Depression hits Australia.
19306 JanuaryNew South Wales batsman Don Bradman scores a world record first-class individual innings of 452 not out in a Sheffield Shield match against Queensland
11 JulyIn the Third Test at Leeds against England, Don Bradman scored a Hundred before Tea, a Hundred before lunch, and a Hundred by the end of the day's play, 309 in Total. He went on to make 334. Altogether in his 52 Test career, Bradman scored 29 Hundreds, 12 Double Hundreds and 2 Triple Hundreds. This is therefore the fastest Triple Hundred in Test History.
4 NovemberPhar Lap wins his only Melbourne Cup
1931Sir Douglas Mawson charts 4,000 miles of Antarctic coastline and claims 42% of the icy mass for Australia
23 FebruaryDeath of Dame Nellie Melba aged 69.
193219 JanuaryConstruction on the Sydney Harbour Bridge is completed.
193219 MarchThe Sydney Harbour Bridge opens.
The Labor government falls and Joseph Lyons becomes Prime Minister.
19338 AprilWestern Australia votes at a rerefendum to secede from the Commonwealth, but the vote is ignored by both the Commonwealth and British governments.
19358 NovemberSir Charles Kingsford-Smith disappears. He was 38.
1936The last thylacine dies.
1937The radio series Dad and Dave begins.
19385–12 FebruarySydney hosts the Empire Games, the forerunner to the Commonwealth Games.
193913 JanuaryVictoria is devastated by the Black Friday bushfires.
7 AprilPrime Minister Joseph Lyons dies in office and is replaced by Robert Menzies and the first Menzies Government.
SeptemberAustralia enters the Second World War following the German Invasion of Poland. The 2nd Australian Imperial Force is raised.[12]
The first flight is made by an Australian-made warplane, the Wirraway.
1940A team of scientists, under Howard Florey, develops penicillin
Fascist Italy enters war, Royal Australian Navy engages Italian Navy in the early stages of the Battle of the Mediterranean.
19413 Divisions of the 2nd Australian Imperial Force join operations in the Mediterranean. After initial successes against Italy, 2nd AIF suffered defeat against the Germans in Greece, Crete, and North Africa.[13]
Apr–Aug, Australian garrison (Rats of Tobruk) halt advance of Hitler's panzers for the first time during the Siege of Tobruk.
Menzies resigns and John Curtin becomes Prime Minister in the Curtin Government of 1941–45.
1942FebruarySingapore falls, 15,000 Australians become Prisoners of War of the Japanese
Japanese air raids – almost 100 attacks against sites in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and Queensland (to 1943). Bombing of Darwin sees largest attack on Australia by a foreign power.
The Royal Australian Navy and 6th and 7th Divisions of 2nd AIF are recalled from Mediterranean Theatre to participate in the anticipated Battle for Australia.
Sparrow Force engages in guerilla campaign in Battle of Timor (to 1943)
4 May – 8 MayBattle of the Coral Sea: United States and Royal Australian Navy halt advance of the Japanese towards Port Moresby (Australian Territory of Papua)
21 July – 16 NovemberBattle of Kokoda Trail: Australian soldiers halt Japanese march on Port Moresby
Aug–SepAustralian forces inflict the first defeat on the Imperial Japanese Army in the Battle of Milne Bay.[14]
Jul–NovAustralia's 9th Division plays crucial role in the First and Second Battle of El Alamein, which turned the North Africa Campaign in favour of the Allies.[15]
National daylight saving is introduced as a war time measure.
9 OctoberThe UK Statute of Westminster is formally adopted by Australia. The Statute formally grants Australia the right to pass laws that conflict with UK laws.
19434 MarchAustralia wins its first Oscar, with cinematographer Damien Parer honoured for Kokoda Front Line! documentary.
2,815 Australian POWs die constructing Japan's Burma-Thailand Railway[16]
Australian forces engage Japan in New Guinea, Wau, and the Huon peninsula.[13] (to 1944)
19445 AugustCowra breakout, mass escape of Japanese prisoners of war occurs in NSW.
Japanese inflict Sandakan Death March on 2,000 Australian and British prisoners of war – only 6 survive. The single worst war crime perpetrated against Australians.[17]
Australian forces battle Japanese garrisons from Borneo to Bougainville.[13]
The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is introduced, providing subsidised medicine to all Australians
1945the Liberal Party of Australia is established with Robert Menzies as its first leader.
Australian forces lead Battle of Borneo
7 MayNazi Germany surrenders
JulyPrime Minister Curtin dies and is replaced, briefly by Frank Forde, then by Ben Chifley and the Chifley Labor Government
14 AugustJapan surrenders
Australia becomes a founding member of the United Nations
26 December 1945 – 3 January 1946The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is held for the first time
1946Minister for Immigration Arthur Calwell introduces the major post-war immigration scheme
Norman Makin, is voted in as the first President of the United Nations Security Council.
1948Minister for External Affairs, Dr. H. V. Evatt is elected President of the United Nations General Assembly.
Holden starts manufacturing its first Australian designed and built car. The First Model is the 48/215 followed by the FJ, FE, FC, FB, EK, EJ, EH, HD, HR, HK, HT, HQ, HJ, HX. The Holden Commodore was introduced in 1978 and started off with the VB, VH, VK, VL, VN, VT, VY, VZ, VE. Due to financial problems, Holden will no longer manufacture cars in Australia from 2017.
Australia becomes a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
1949All indigenous ex-servicemen and any Indigenous Australians who are eligible to vote in State Elections (NSW, VIC, SA and TAS) are given an unrestricted right to vote in federal elections.
26 JanuaryThe Nationality and Citizenship Act is passed. Rather than being identified as subjects of Britain, the Act established Australian citizenship for people who met eligibility requirements.
17 OctoberConstruction of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme officially begins
10 December1949 Australian federal election: Robert Menzies returns to power as leader of the new Liberal Party Menzies Government.
1950Australian troops are sent to the Korean War to assist South Korea. (to 1953)
1951Voters reject a referendum to change the Constitution to allow the Menzies Government to ban the Communist Party
1 SeptemberAustralia signs the ANZUS treaty with the United States and New Zealand
19523 OctoberOperation Hurricane: First nuclear test conducted in Australian territory by the United Kingdom off the coast of Western Australia.
1954Elizabeth II and Prince Philip make a royal visit; the Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov defects, leading to the Petrov Affair and another split in the Labor Party
1955Democratic Labor Party splits from Australian Labor Party over concerns of Communist influence in the labour movement
Australia becomes involved in Malayan Insurgency
Hotels in New South Wales no longer have to close at 6 p.m., ending the "six o'clock swill"
195616 SeptemberTelevision in Australia is launched.
22 November – 8 DecemberThe 16th Summer Olympics is held in Melbourne
Performing artist Barry Humphries introduces Edna Everage to the Australian stage
1957The song "Wild One" makes Johnny O'Keefe the first Australian rock'n'roller to reach the national charts.
Slim Dusty's Australian country music hit "A Pub with No Beer" becomes the first Australian song to attain international chart success.
19591 MarchConstruction begins on the Sydney Opera House. It will eventually cost $102 Million.
1962Robert Menzies' Commonwealth Electoral Act provided that all Indigenous Australians should have the right to enrol and vote at federal elections, removing remaining restrictions applying in QLD, WA and NT.
Malayan Insurgency ends
196412–20 JuneThe Beatles' 1964 world tour reach Australia
10 February82 sailors die when HMAS Voyager sinks after collision with HMAS Melbourne
The editors of Oz magazine are charged with obscenity
Prime Minister Robert Menzies announces the reintroduction of compulsory military service for men aged from 18–25 years old
First troops sent to Vietnam War.
1965Indigenous Australians gain right to vote in state of Queensland
1966The ban on the employment of married women in the Commonwealth Public Service is lifted
26 JanuaryRobert Menzies retire as Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister and is succeeded by Harold Holt.
26 JanuaryThe Beaumont Children Jane (9), Arnna (7), and Grant (4) disappear from Glenelg Beach.
14 FebruaryDecimalisation; the Australian currency is changed to dollars and cents, with the Australian dollar replacing the Australian pound.
19673 FebruaryRonald Ryan becomes the last person legally executed in Australia.
7 FebruaryBlack Tuesday bushfires devastate large areas of Hobart and south-eastern Tasmania; 62 people were killed.
9 FebruaryGough Whitlam becomes leader of the Labor Party
27 MayThe constitution is changed to allow Aboriginal Australians to be included in the population count and for the federal government to legislate for them
Sydney is rocked by a series of brutal underworld killings
Talkback radio is introduced
17 DecemberPrime Minister Harold Holt disappears while swimming at Cheviot Beach, Victoria
19 DecemberHolt was officially presumed dead by the government. Governor-General Lord Casey swore John McEwen in as Prime Minister, on an interim basis pending the Liberal Party electing its new leader
196810 JanuaryJohn Gorton replaces John McEwen as Prime Minister
24 JuneBritish comedian Tony Hancock commits suicide in Sydney
1 JulyAustralia signs the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Aboriginal boxing champion Lionel Rose defeats Masahiko "Fighting" Harada in Japan to become the world bantamweight champion
Australia's first liver transplant operation is performed in Sydney
1969French conceptual artist Christo 'wraps' Little Bay in Sydney
NovemberRenowned author-artists Norman Lindsay and May Gibbs die
The Australian production of the rock musical Hair premieres in Sydney
Top pop groups the Easybeats and the Twilights break up; Tim Burstall directs 2000 Weeks, the first All-Australian feature released since Charles Chauvel's Jedda in 1958
25 October1969 Australian federal election: John Gorton reelected as Prime Minister.
1970More than 200,000 people participate in the largest demonstrations in Australian history, against the Vietnam War
1971Neville Bonner becomes the first Aborigine to become an Australian Member of Parliament;
10 MarchJohn Gorton resigns as Prime Minister and is succeeded by William McMahon
The 1971 Springbok tour sparks protest all throughout Australia. Premier of Queensland Joh Bjelke-Petersen declares a state of emergency in QLD in response to escalating protest.
Daylight saving is introduced to New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory.[18]
Green Bans begin in Hunters Hill, Sydney and spread across New South Wales.
1972The Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission rules that women doing the same job as men have the right to be paid the same wage.
Aboriginal Tent Embassy erected in response to the Coalition government's approval of exploration licences and mining tenements on reserves
Queensland abandons Daylight Saving.[18]
2 December1972 Australian federal election: The first Labor government since 1949 is elected under the leadership of Gough Whitlam
Australia recognises the People's Republic of China
197320 OctoberThe Sydney Opera House formally opened by Elizabeth II
The White Australian Policy (established 1901) is officially dismantled
Vietnam War ends
The federal voting age is dropped from 21 to 18
Unionists save the historic "The Rocks" area of Sydney from demolition by introducing "Green Bans"
Patrick White becomes the first Australian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature
1974"Advance Australia Fair" recognised as Australia's national song, but not as national anthem.
24–25 DecemberDarwin is devastated by Cyclone Tracy.
1975The Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act removes the right to appeal High Court decisions to the British Privy Council. Appeals to the Privy Council direct from State Supreme Courts remain until 1988.
5 JanuaryThe Hobart Bridge collapsed. A bulk ore carrier travelling on the Derwent River collided into several pylons of the Tasman Bridge killing a total of 12 people. These included 7 crew on board the ship and 5 people that were in 4 cars which drove 45m off the bridge into the Derwent River.
South Australia becomes the first state in Australia to legalise homosexuality between consenting adults in private.
Whitlam government introduced the Aboriginal Land (NT) Bill into Parliament. The bill proposed land rights in the Northern Territory based on land claimed on grounds of need as well as traditional affiliation and traditional landowners maintaining control over mining and development.
A constitutional crisis occurs when Malcolm Fraser delays supply, threatening a government shutdown until Governor-General John Kerr dismisses Prime Minister Gough Whitlam on 11 November 1975. Kerr then appointed Malcolm Fraser, Leader of the Opposition, as caretaker Prime Minister.
13 December1975 Australian federal election: Malcolm Fraser wins elections and becomes Prime Minister
1976The Australian Capital Territory legalises homosexuality between consenting adults in private.
197718 JanuaryGranville rail disaster killed eighty-three people
197824 JuneFirst Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras
1979Australian women win the right to maternity leave
Kakadu National Park and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park are both proclaimed.
198017 AugustBaby Azaria Chamberlain disappears from a campsite at Uluru (Ayers Rock), reportedly taken by a dingo.
18 October1980 Australian federal election: The Coalition is elected.
1981A referendum is held in Tasmania to vote for whether or not the Franklin Dam should be built.
198230 September – 9 October12th Commonwealth Games held in Brisbane.
The National Gallery of Australia is opened.
198316 FebruaryThe Ash Wednesday bushfires kill 71 people.
5 March1983 Australian federal election: Bob Hawke defeats Fraser and leads Labor back to government.
14 – 26 SeptemberAustralia wins the America's Cup
12 DecemberThe Australian dollar is floated.
198419 April"Advance Australia Fair" is proclaimed as Australia's official national anthem.
1 FebruaryMedicare is established.
14 MayThe one dollar coin is issued to replace the one dollar note.
1 December1984 Australian federal election: Labor wins.
1985The government grants the freehold title of a large area of land in central Australia, including prominent landmarks Uluru and Kata Tjuta, to the Mutitjulu people, who in turn give them a 99-year lease. The last state to do so (New South Wales) abolishes capital punishment.
1986The Australia Act removes the right of appeal from State courts to the British Privy Council, making the High Court the final court of appeal in Australia. The Act also removes all remaining rights of the UK parliament to pass law for Australia.
2 FebruaryMurder of Anita Cobby in Sydney.
27 MarchRussell Street Bombing in Melbourne.
Crocodile Dundee is released in Australia.
19879 AugustHoddle Street massacre kills 7 victims and injures 19
1 DecemberSir Joh Bjelke-Petersen resigns as Premier of Queensland after 19 years at the top.
8 DecemberQueen Street massacre kills 8 victims and injures 5.
198826 JanuaryAustralia celebrates its bicentenary, with large celebrations and major funding for capital works projects.
3 SeptemberFederal referendums on 4-year parliamentary terms, recognition of local government and other issues are defeated.
30 April – 30 OctoberBrisbane hosts World Expo 88.
9 MayThe new Parliament House opens in Canberra.
1989Newcastle earthquake kills 13 people. ACT gains self-Government. The Kempsey bus crash and Grafton bus crash kill a total of 56 people.
Queensland commences three-year trial of Daylight Saving.[18]
Rosemary Follett (Australian Labor Party) becomes the first Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory and the first woman to become head of government in an Australian state or territory.
1990Royal Australian Navy deployed in preparation for the First Gulf War. Carmen Lawrence becomes the first female premier of an Australian state. Labor wins the 1990 federal election.
19914 JulyProminent heart surgeon Victor Chang is gunned down.
17 AugustSeven people die in the Strathfield massacre.
21 AugustThe Coode Island chemical storage facility in Melbourne explodes, leaving a toxic cloud hanging over the city for days.
20 DecemberPaul Keating replace Bob Hawke to be the 24th Prime Minister of Australia.
1992The High Court delivers the Mabo Decision, which rules that indigenous native title does exist. This effectively extinguishes the concept of terra nullius. New South Wales Premier Nick Greiner resigns.
22 FebruaryQueensland holds a referendum on daylight saving, which is defeated with a 54.5% 'no' vote.[19]
1993 13 March1993 Australian federal election: Keating defeats John Hewson; the Australian Greens stand candidates for the first time.
1995The Northern Territory legalises voluntary euthanasia, but it is overruled by the federal government when Liberal MP Kevin Andrews proposes the Euthanasia Laws Bill 1996
1996The High Court hands down the Wik Decision, which holds that indigenous native title can survive the granting of pastoral leases.
2 March1996 Australian federal election: Liberal John Howard becomes Prime Minister, defeating Paul Keating after a record 13 years of Labor government
Howard Government leads all Australian states and territories agree to introduce uniform gun laws following the deaths of 35 people in the Port Arthur massacre
1997Expelled Liberal MP Pauline Hanson forms the One Nation Party
1 MayTasmania legalises homosexuality
30 July1997 Thredbo landslide: Eighteen people die when the Bimbadene and Carinya Lodges collapse at Thredbo Alpine Village at 11.30 p.m.
22 NovemberMichael Hutchence, lead singer of INXS, is found dead in his hotel room.
1998A major strike results when Patrick Stevedores attempt to introduce non-union labour to reduce the influence of the Maritime Union of Australia
The Australian Stock Exchange is demutualized and floated as a public company, becoming the world's first stock exchange to be listed on an exchange.
199926 AugustBoth houses of the federal parliament pass a Motion of Reconciliation signifying both recognition of and regret at past mistreatment of indigenous Australians.
6 NovemberA referendum on changing to a republic is unsuccessful
Howard Government deploys Australian forces to East Timor to lead the INTERFET mission, following violence in wake of East Timorese vote for independence.
20001 JulyHoward Government introduces a Goods and Services Tax
15 September – 1 October27th Summer Olympic Games held in Sydney.

thumb

21st century
YearDateEvent
2001Australia celebrates centenary of federation.
25 FebruaryDeath of Donald Bradman aged 92 in Kensington Park, Adelaide, South Australia.
Western Australia adopts a uniform Age of consent of 16.
Boat load of asylum seekers is rescued by Norwegian ship, leading to the Tampa affair.
Australian forces deployed to War to topple Taliban for supporting Al-Qaeda
10 November2001 Australian federal election: John Howard is reelected as Prime Minister.
200212 October2002 Bali bombings, the deadliest act of terrorism in the history of Indonesia, killing 202 people (including 88 Australians).[20]
2003Australian military deployed to Iraq War to oust the Saddam Hussein regime for serial non-compliance with the 1991 Gulf War Peace Treaty.
Northern Territory introduces uniform Age of consent set at 16 for everyone.
New South Wales becomes the last State to have a Uniform Age of Consent at 16 for everyone.
Australia hosts the Rugby World Cup, with the home side losing the final to England.
19 SeptemberSlim Dusty, Country Music Singer and Musician Dies aged 76.
20049 SeptemberA bomb explodes outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.
9 October2004 Australian federal election: Howard Government (Liberal-National Coalition) wins fourth term and defeats Mark Latham led Australian Labor Party.
2005DecemberSydney beachside suburb of Cronulla sees a protest against the alleged bashing of a beach lifeguard, developing into an alcohol-fuelled, racially charged riot.
200615–26 MarchThe Commonwealth Games are held in Melbourne.
8 SeptemberDeath of Peter Brock, aged 61
Australian Forces are again deployed to East Timor to help stabilize the country.
2007Australia avoids recession amidst Global Financial Crisis (to 2010)
24 November2007 Australian federal election: Kevin Rudd (Australian Labor Party) defeats John Howard (Liberal-National Coalition) to become the 26th Prime Minister of Australia.
200822 JanuaryHeath Ledger Dies from an accidental prescription drug intoxication.
200813 FebruaryKevin Rudd leads bi-partisan Parliamentary to formally apologise for the Stolen Generations.
Longest heatwave for an Australian capital city recorded in Adelaide.
15–20 JulySydney hosts Catholic World Youth Day
5 SeptemberQuentin Bryce assumed office as Governor-General of Australia, becoming the first female to do so.
20097 February – 14 MarchBlack Saturday bushfires: Massive bushfires swept across Victoria, resulting in 173 fatalities.[21][22][23]
201023–24 JuneJulia Gillard challenged and replaced Kevin Rudd as leader of the Labor Party to become the 27th and first female Prime Minister of Australia.
17 OctoberMary MacKillop canonised as Australia's first Saint of the Roman Catholic Church.[24]
21 August2010 Australian federal election: Election results in hung Parliament and narrow victory by Julia Gillard (ALP) over Tony Abbott (Lib-Nat Coalition); Liberal Ken Wyatt becomes the first Aboriginal elected to the Australian House of Representatives
2011Queensland is affected by major flooding followed by Cyclone Yasi.
20121 JulyCarbon price introduced by the Gillard Government.
2013 21 March Julia Gillard apologises to victims of forced adoption practices for removal of babies from predominantly young single mothers
26 JuneKevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard in a leadership spill, 57 votes to 45. Gillard resigns from parliament, Rudd is sworn in as prime minister.
7 September2013 Australian federal election: Tony Abbott defeats Kevin Rudd to become the 28th Prime Minister of Australia.
201414 JulyCarbon price is dropped by the Abbott Government.
21 OctoberDeath of Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia.
15–16 December2014 Sydney hostage crisis
201520 MarchDeath of Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia.
15 SeptemberMalcolm Turnbull defeats Tony Abbott to become the 29th Prime Minister of Australia.
The Matagurup Refugee Camp is founded in Perth to defend Aboriginal Rights
20162 July2016 Australian federal election: Malcolm Turnbull remains as Prime Minister of Australia.
2017Late JulyJohn Cameron sets off the chain of events that became the 2017 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis.
9 DecemberSame-sex marriage is legalised by the Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017.[25]
2018 24 August Scott Morrison succeeds Malcolm Turnbull as Australian prime minister.
2019 18 May 2019 Australian federal election: Scott Morrison remains Australian prime minister in surprise win election
Several Bushfires throughout late 2019 affect every state and territory destroying 2600 homes and kill 34 people
2020 31 January The ACT becomes the first Australian region to legalise recreational cannabis
March-Present Australia suffers lockdowns and social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic

See also

References
  1. McIntyre, K.G. (1977) The Secret Discovery of Australia, Portuguese ventures 200 years before Cook, Souvenir Press, Menindie ISBN 0-285-62303-6
  2. Trickett, P (2007). Beyond Capricorn. How Portuguese adventurers discovered and mapped Australia and New Zealand 250 years before Captain Cook. East Street Publications. Adelaide. ISBN 978-0-9751145-9-9
  3. Richardson, W.A.R. (2006). Was Australia charted before 1606? The Jave La Grande inscriptions. Canberra, National Library of Australia, P.96, ISBN 0-642-27642-0
  4. Pearson, M. Great Southern Land; The Maritime Exploration of Terra Australis. Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage, 2005. ISBN 0-642-55185-5
  5. Lee, Ida (April 1934). "The First Sighting of Australia by the English". The Geographical Journal. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.; reprinted in the Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, Vol. XX., Part V., pp. 274–276
  6. E. Lauterpacht; C. J. Greenwood (1991). International Law Reports. Cambridge University Press. pp. 211. ISBN 978-0-949009-97-5. Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  7. "The First Fleet". State Library of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  8. "King George's Sound Settlement". State Records. State Records Authority of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  9. "Hoisted the Flag – Claim for Major Lockyer". The Argus. Melbourne. 12 January 1931. p. 6. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  10. "PRESENT CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA". South Australian Register. 14 September 1852. p. 1S. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
  11. "Navigation of the Murray". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 November 1853. p. 2. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
  12. 2nd Australian Imperial Force | Australian War Memorial Archived 22 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Awm.gov.au. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  13. Second World War, 1939–45 | Australian War Memorial Archived 6 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Awm.gov.au. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  14. Battle of Milne Bay | Australian War Memorial Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Awm.gov.au (25 August 1942). Retrieved on 2012-05-22.
  15. Encyclopedia | Australian War Memorial Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Awm.gov.au (23 October 1942). Retrieved on 2012-05-22.
  16. Stolen Years: Australian prisoners of war | Australian War Memorial Archived 23 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Awm.gov.au. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  17. Stolen Years: Australian prisoners of war | Australian War Memorial Archived 23 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Awm.gov.au. Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
  18. Australian Government – Bureau of Meteorology. "Daylight Saving Time – Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia". Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2010.
  19. "Daylight Saving Referendum" (PDF). Electoral Commission of Queensland. July 1992. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  20. "Bali death toll set at 202". BBC News. 19 February 2003. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  21. "Toll capped at 210". Herald Sun. 22 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  22. "Bushfires death toll". Victoria Police. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2009.
  23. "Bushfire death toll revised down". News Limited. 30 March 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  24. MacKillop to become Australia's first saint – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Abc.net.au (19 December 2009). Retrieved on 2012-05-22.
  25. "Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Act 2017". Federal Register of Legislation.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.