Cataraqui (ship)

Cataraqui (also called Cataraque[1]) was a British barque which sank off the south-west coast of King Island in Bass Strait on 4 August 1845. The sinking was Australia's worst ever maritime civil disaster incident, claiming the lives of 400 people.

Wreck of the emigrant ship Cataraqui, 1845
History
United Kingdom
Name: Cataraqui (Cataraque)
Owner: Smith & Sons, Liverpool, England
Builder: Williams Lampson, Quebec, Lower Canada
Launched: 1840
Fate: Wrecked in Bass Strait, off King Island, Aug. 4, 1845
General characteristics
Class and type: Emigrant ship
Tons burthen: 802 tons NM; 712 tons OM
Length: 138 feet (42 metres)
Beam: 30 feet (9 metres)
Draught: 22 feet (7 metres)
Sail plan: Barque

Construction and technical details

Cataraqui was an 802 ton[2] barque, of dimensions 138 × 30 × 22 feet (42 × 9 × 7 metres). The ship was built in Quebec, Lower Canada in 1840 by the shipwrights Williams Lampson. The name Cataraqui comes from the French transliteration of "Katerokwi", the original Mississaugas First Nation name for the area now known as Kingston, Ontario.

Voyage to Australia

Cataraqui was purchased and registered in Liverpool, England by Smith & Sons, for the purpose of transporting assisted emigrants to Port Phillip (Melbourne) in the colony of Victoria, Australia.

On 20 April 1845, the ship sailed from Liverpool under the command of Captain Christopher Finlay. The ship's manifest on departure included 369 emigrants and 41 crew (410 total, including the captain). The voyage was fairly uneventful apart from the loss of a crew member overboard. By the time the vessel neared Australia, five babies had been born and six others had died.

Sinking

As Cataraqui entered Bass Strait in the early morning of 4 August, she encountered a severe storm. At about 04.30 hours, the ship was cast suddenly onto jagged rocks just off Fitzmaurice Bay on King Island off the north-western coast of Tasmania. Attempts to evacuate the ship were hindered by the large waves and heavy weather which washed many of the ship's occupants overboard. Eight crewmen managed to reach the shore by clinging to floating wreckage, where they encountered the only emigrant survivor, Solomon Brown. The nine castaways were stranded on King Island for five weeks until they were rescued by the cutter Midge and taken to Melbourne.[3][4]

Memorial

A memorial plaque is dedicated to the Cataraqui at the Tasmanian Seafarers' Memorial at Triabunna on the east coast of Tasmania.[5]

The plaque contains the following text:

Cataraqui

Built Quebec 1840, 802 T. 138 x 30 x 22 ft.
 Left Liverpool, England 20.4.1845 for
 Melbourne - Capt. C.Finlay, 43 crew
 367 assisted emigrants (173 under 15).
 Enroute 5 babies born, 6 babies died,
 1 seaman drowned thus 409 aboard when
 wrecked 4.8.1845 off W. coast King Is.
 1 emigrant, 8 crew survived, 400 lost.

~ Tasmania's worst shipwreck ~[6]

See also
  • List of disasters in Australia by death toll
  • Lemon, Andrew & Morgan, Marjorie (1995). Poor souls, they perished: the Cataraqui, Australia's worst shipwreck. Collingwood, Vic, Australian Scholarly Pub. ISBN 1-875606-26-2. OCLC: 36986583.

Notes
  1. British accounts of the wreck usually refer to the ship as Cataraque which is more consistent with the pronunciation of the original Canadian name. However, Australian references such as the point on King Island named after the ship spell the name Cataraqui, which is also consistent with Lloyd's Register of Shipping.
  2. Lloyd's Register of Shipping for 1845 states Cataraqui was 802 tons New Measurement according to the formula used to calculate ships' tonnages established from 1 January 1836 and 712 tons on the system previously used (Old Measurement). They are based on estimates of the cubic capacity of the hull and not directly related to its weight.
  3. "Dreadful Shipwreck! Wreck of the Cataraqui Emigrant Ship, 800 tons", Launceston Examiner, p. 5, 17 September 1845, retrieved 21 August 2011
  4. Nixon, Francis R. (1857), The Cruise of the Beacon: A Narrative of a Visit to the Islands in Bass's Straits, London: Bell and Daldry, p. 97, OCLC 13686398 contains an eyewitness account by a rescuer and a description of the wreck site in 1854.
  5. "Cataraqui (1845)". seafarersmemorial.org.au. Tasmanian Seafarers' Memorial. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  6. "Cataraqui" (Memorial plaque). Triabunna, Tasmania: Tasmanian Seafarers' Memorial.

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