Timeline of Adelaide history

This is a timeline of Adelaide history.

Prior to 1800s

1800s

1830s
  • 1834: South Australia Act passed on 15 August 1834 providing a legal framework and funds for the British settlement in what is now South Australia.
  • 1834: The South Australian Lodge of Friendship No. 613 was founded 22 October. The Lodge held its first meeting at 7 John Street, Adelphi, London.[1]
  • 1836: Letters Patent erect and establish the Province of South Australia on 19 February 1836. It was to be Australia's second free colony and the first experiment of the Wakefieldian systematic colonization theory.
  • 1836: Tent city set up by the South Australian Company on the site now known as Kingscote on Kangaroo Island.
  • 1836: Site spanning the River Torrens is chosen for Adelaide by Colonel William Light in December 1836. Governor John Hindmarsh, aboard HMS Buffalo, lands at Holdfast Bay and proclaims the commencement of South Australia's colonial government on 28 December.
  • 1837: Colonel Light designs the plan for the city of Adelaide and completes the city survey. One-acre allotments are made, first to holders of land orders and then by auction. The city's first hospital is opened on North Terrace.
  • 1838: The South Australia Police, the first police force in Australia, is formed in Adelaide under Henry Inman. The first German immigrants arrive and settle in Klemzig, Hahndorf and surrounds.
  • 1839: Colonel Light dies on 6 October at Thebarton and is interred in Light Square – a memorial will be built over the grave.
  • 1839: Port Road opens as the first road built in South Australia.
  • Late 1830s: The first stone house in Adelaide is built by William Austin Barnes on the corner of Morphett and Grote streets.

1840s
  • 1840: The first portion of Government House is completed, becoming the first in Australia. The Corporation of Adelaide is founded as the first municipal authority in Australia, and James Hurtle Fisher is elected mayor. An agricultural show, which will become the Royal Adelaide Show, is first held in the yard of Fordham's Hotel in Grenfell Street.
  • 1841: Construction begins of Adelaide Gaol, and the first section is completed. The Adelaide Hospital (later Royal) is opened.
  • 1843: The first Legislative Council building is opened on North Terrace.
  • 1844: 22 April: Intervention of the police in a dispute between the Kaurna and Moorundie in the West Parklands and destruction of the aboriginal weapons. Considered the end-point of Kaurna culture in Adelaide.
  • 1845: 2 January: Death by tuberculosis in Adelaide of Mullawirraburka, known as "King John", Kaurna elder who learned English, taught aboriginal lore and helped the early colonists.
  • 1844: The colonial Government takes control of the Corporation of Adelaide.
  • 1847: St Peter's College is established. Pulteney Grammar School is established.
  • 1848: The Savings Bank of South Australia begins trading from a room in Gawler Place.
  • 1849: City Commissioners are nominated to manage Adelaide.

1850s
  • 1850: G. P. Harris and J. C. Lanyon, the forerunner to Harris Scarfe, opens on Hindley Street.
  • 1851: Responsible Government is introduced to South Australia, enfranchising wealthy male colonists.
  • 1852: The Corporation of Adelaide is reconstituted and James Hurtle Fisher again becomes mayor. The first overland transport of gold arrives in Adelaide.
  • 1853: The first four local governing bodies in South Australia (apart from the Corporation of Adelaide) were established as the district councils of Mitcham, East Torrens, Onkaparinga and Hindmarsh, following the passing of the 1852 'Act to appoint District Councils'.[2] The Philosophical Society of Adelaide founded (later becoming the Royal Society of South Australia).
  • 1855: Central Adelaide Mosque
  • 1856: The South Australian Institute is founded, from which will derive the State Library, State Museum and Art Gallery. The first telegraph line and steam railway between Adelaide and Port Adelaide are opened.
  • 1857: Adelaide Botanic Gardens opens at today's site in the Park Lands off North Terrace with George William Francis as the first director. Railway between Adelaide and Gawler was opened.
  • 1858: The Melbourne-Adelaide telegraph line is opened.
  • 1859: 3–8 February: devastating fires in the Adelaide Hills around Cox's Creek near Bridgewater.
  • 1859: A jetty more than 350 metres in length is constructed at Glenelg. It has a wooden lighthouse at its end, which will later be destroyed by fire.
  • 1859: The Norwood Town Hall was built on the Parade at Norwood. It was the first Town Hall in South Australia.

1860s
  • 1860: 29 February: the Agricultural and Horticultural Exhibition, the "Adelaide Autumn Show", takes place for the first time in a specially constructed building adjacent to North Terrace.
  • 1860: Thorndon Park Reservoir supplied water through new reticulation system.
  • 1861: East Terrace markets opened.
  • 1863: First gas supplied to city.
  • 1865: Bank of Adelaide founded.
  • 1866: The Italianate Adelaide Town Hall opened.
  • 1867: Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, made first royal visit to Adelaide. Gas Street Lights first appear on Adelaide streets.
  • 1868: 10 February: Major fire at D. & W. Murray's, drapery, King William Street[3]
  • 1869: The City Market (later Central) opened on Grote Street.
  • 1869: The Brighton Town Hall was built on Brighton Road, Hove.

1870s
  • 1870: Port Adelaide Football Club established.
  • 1871: Nimble Ninepence store destroyed by fire and exploding stocks of gunpowder
  • 1872: The General Post Office opened. Adelaide became first Australian capital linked to Imperial London with completion of the Overland Telegraph.
  • 1873: First cricket match played at Adelaide Oval.
  • 1874: The Adelaide Oval officially opened. The University of Adelaide founded.
  • 1875: 18 April: Major fire at Townsend Duryea's photographic studios, King William Street[4]
  • 1876: Adelaide Children's Hospital founded.
  • 1877: The Adelaide Bridge across the Torrens completed.
  • 1878: First horse-drawn trams in Australia commenced operations in the city. Port Adelaide railway extended to Semaphore.
  • 1879: Foundation stone of the University of Adelaide laid.

1880s
  • 1880: Telephone introduced.
  • 1880: Royal Society of South Australia received royal patronage.
  • 1881: The Art Gallery of South Australia opened by Prince Albert Victor. Ornamental Torrens Lake created following construction of weir.
  • 1882: 12 March: Major fire at James Marshall & Co., drapers of Rundle Street[5]
  • 1882: First water-borne sewerage service in Australia commenced. The City Baths opened on King William Street.
  • 1883: Adelaide Zoological Gardens opened.
  • 1883: Roseworthy Agricultural College established, the first agricultural college in Australia.
  • 1884: 6 January: Major fire at Academy of Music on Rundle Street[6]
  • 1884: Adelaide Trades and Labor Council inaugurated. Fort Largs opened.
  • 1884: Grand Lodge of South Australia Established. 16 April with 30 Lodges and 2064 members.[7]
  • 1884: 15 November: Major fire at Patrick Gay's cabinetmaking workshop and showroom, Rundle Street[8]
  • 1885: The Adelaide Arcade opened. Flinders Column erected at the Mount Lofty Summit.
  • 1885: 16 December: Major fire at W. H. Burford & Son's soap and candle factory, Sturt Street[9]
  • 1887: The Intercolonial Express starts running between Adelaide and Melbourne. Stock Exchange of Adelaide formed.
  • 1889: School of Mines and Industries opened on North Terrace.

1890s
  • 1890: Adelaide's first public statue, Venus, is unveiled on North Terrace.
  • 1893: The Australian Association for the Advancement of Science meets in Adelaide – credit is universally accorded to Colonel Light for his selection of the site and for the design of Adelaide.
  • 1894: The world's second Act granting women suffrage is passed in Parliament House on North Terrace.
  • 1895: 24 July: Major fire at W. Menz & Co. confectioners, Wakefield Street opposite fire station[10]
  • 1896: Moving pictures are shown for first time in South Australia at Theatre Royal on Hindley Street. Happy Valley Reservoir is opened.
  • 1899: The South Australian contingent left Adelaide for the Second Boer War.

1900s

Early 1900s
  • 1900: First electricity station opened in South Australia at Grenfell Street. Electric street lights first appear.
  • 1900: 4 December: Major fire at Alfred Stump's photographic studios, King William Street[11]
  • 1901: Adelaide became a state capital upon the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January. The Duke and Duchess of York visited.
  • 1901: 6 April: Major fire at John Martin & Co. Ltd., retail store, Rundle Street[12]
  • 1904: Adelaide Fruit and Produce Exchange opened in the East End.
  • 1907: 5 February 1907 Harrold, Colton & Co. (became Colton, Palmer & Preston Ltd.), Currie Street[13]
  • 1907: 25 December: Major fire at W. H. Burford & Son's soap making factory, Hindmarsh[14]
  • 1908: Outer Harbor opened. Adelaide High School established.
  • 1909: Electric tram services began.

1910s
  • 1910: 16 November: Major fire at Genders Building, Grenfell Street (on Hindmarsh Square corner)[15]
  • 1912: The Verco Building, an early 'skyscraper', is built on North Terrace.
  • 1913: The first metropolitan abattoir opens.
  • 1913: 23 November: Major fire at Lion Timber Mills, Franklin Street[16]
  • 1914: Planting of first memorial to the Great War, the Wattle Day League War Memorial Oak.
  • 1915: Australasia's first national Gallipoli Memorial established in the Adelaide Park Lands, 7 September 1915 – the Australian Wattle Day League's Gallipoli Memorial Wattle Grove with its centrepiece 'Australasian Soldiers Dardanelles 25 April 1915' obelisk (now known as the Dardanelles Cenotaph)
  • 1915: Liquor bars close at 6 pm following a referendum.
  • 1917: German private schools are closed. The first trains travel to Perth following completion of the East-West continental railway.
  • 1919: 2 February: Major fire at W. H. Burford & Son's soap and candle factory, Sturt Street[17]
  • 1919: Mayor Charles Richmond Glover becomes the first Lord Mayor.

1920s
  • 1923: 21 February: Major fire at Duncan & Fraser Ltd and Duncan's Motors Ltd., Ford importers.[18]
  • 1924: Radio broadcasting begins.
  • 1924: 26 April: Major fire aboard steamer City of Singapore at Port Adelaide[19]
  • 1924: 10 November: Major fire at Richards Building, Chrysler body builders, importers Currie Street[20]
  • 1925: The Wayville Showgrounds open.
  • 1926: 1 January: Major fire at Adelaide Fruit and Produce Exchange, East End Market.[21]
  • 1926: 24 February: Major fire at Colonial Sugar Refinery works at Glanville.[22]
  • 1927: The North–South railway is extended. The Duke and Duchess of York visit.
  • 1928: 2000 special constables sworn in to break a strike of dock workers. The volunteer "Citizen's Defence Brigade" had been brought in and armed to fight striking port workers, and they were housed in a camp dubbed the "scab compound".
  • 1929: The electric tram service to Glenelg commences.

1930s
  • 1931: The Beef Riot: 17 people are injured when unemployed men clash with police while protesting the decision to remove beef from the dole ration.
  • 1932: Local government is overhauled when Government redefines boundaries and names and abolishes others.
  • 1933: First John Martin's Christmas Pageant.
  • 1935: Many German place names, which had been changed during the Great War, are restored.
  • 1935: 28 April: Major fire at Thompson & Harvey Ltd., paint, glass and wallpaper merchants, Flinders Street[23]
  • 1936: Centennial Park Cemetery opens. Grand celebrations are held to celebrate South Australia's Centenary.
  • 1936: 11 August: Major fire at Torrenside Woollen Mills, Taylor's Road (now South Road), West Thebarton[24]
  • 1937: First trolley bus services commence. First permanent traffic signals are installed. Mount Bold Reservoir is opened. Outbreak of poliomyelitis.
  • 1938: South Australian Housing Trust completes first dwelling.
  • 1938: 19 January: Major fire at People's Palace, (Salvation Army hostel) Pirie Street[25]
  • 1938: 9 June: Major fire at Adelaide Stock Exchange call room[26]
  • 1939:The second worst heat wave is recorded with disastrous bushfires and highest Adelaide temperature of 46.1° Celsius. New Parliament House is opened on North Terrace by Governor-General Lord Gowrie. Carrick Hill, home to Edward (later Sir Edward) and Ursula Hayward, is completed.
  • 1939: 14 December: Major fire at Lion Timber Mills, Port Adelaide[27]

1940s
  • 1940: Birkenhead Bridge opened. Second industry rapidly expanded throughout Adelaide region and South Australia at large as the war-effort intensified.
  • 1940: 21 October: Major fire at Dunlop Perdriau Rubber Co., Flinders Street[28]
  • 1942: Rationing of tea and clothing introduced. Racesport and bookmaking banned.
  • 1943: Rationing of butter introduced. Racing re-allowed.
  • 1944: Rationing of meat introduced.
  • 1945: Gas and electricity restrictions imposed.
  • 1947: Orchards ripped up following discovery of fruit fly in the metropolitan area.
  • 1948: 2 March: Major fire at Charles Moore & Co.'s retail store, Victoria Square[29]
  • 1948: Glenelg jetty destroyed and widespread damage caused by severe storms. Clothing and meat rationing abolished. Holden began production.

1950s
  • 1950: Petrol, butter and tea rationing abolished.
  • 1954: Adelaide was hit by a severe earthquake on 1 March. Queen Elizabeth II made first sovereign visit to Adelaide. Mannum–Adelaide pipeline completed, pumping water from the River Murray to metropolitan reservoirs. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, located in western suburb of Woodville South, opens.
  • 1955: Black Sunday bushfires destroy the Governor's summer residence at Marble Hill.
  • 1955: Adelaide Airport at West Beach opened. Satelitte city of Elizabeth officially proclaimed. Redhen railcars make their first appearance on Adelaide's suburban rail network.
  • 1958: Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, visited Adelaide. First parking meters installed. South Para Reservoir opened and connected to Adelaide water supply. Last street tram removed, leaving only the Glenelg Tram.
  • 1959: Television broadcasting commenced, with NWS-9.

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s
  • 1990: New $1.3 million organ installed at the Adelaide Town Hall. Adelaide recommended as a site for the Multi-Function Polis. Country rail passenger services from Adelaide are axed by Australian National.
  • 1991: The University of South Australia formed from a merger of several institutions. The $40 million Adelaide Entertainment Centre opened. Dame Roma Mitchell becomes Governor of South Australia, the first woman to hold the position in any Australian state.
  • 1992: Final marker to the 1.5 kilometre Heysen Walking Trail positioned. Bid for the 1998 Commonwealth Games lost to Kuala Lumpur.
  • 1993: Poker machines installed for first time in South Australia.
  • 1994: Sunday trading introduced to city centre. High-speed ferry service from Glenelg to Kangaroo Island began.
  • 1995: United Water is contracted to manage Adelaide's water and sewerage systems. The Local Government (Boundary Reform) Act, 1995 passed to encourage municipal amalgamations, resulting in an overhaul of local government. The last Australian Grand Prix held in Adelaide, future events to be held in Melbourne.
  • 1997: The world's longest reversible one way freeway, the Southern Expressway is opened. Adelaide Crows football club win the AFL Grand Final. Port Adelaide Football Club joins the Australian Football League.
  • 1998: Adelaide Crows football club win the AFL Grand Final for the second time.
  • 1999: First Tour Down Under held.

2000s

2000s
  • 2000: All government bus operations handed to private operators, buses and infrastructure still government owned. Heysen Tunnels in Adelaide Hills are opened.
  • 2001: Construction of Alice Springs-Darwin track starts. The National Wine Centre of Australia opens in the East Parklands.
  • 2002: Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visited Adelaide. First low floor bus entered service on the O-Bahn Busway.
  • 2003: The transcontinental railway line from Adelaide to Darwin is completed.
  • 2004: Port Adelaide Football Club wins the AFL Grand Final. Trains travel from Adelaide to Darwin for the first time.
  • 2005: Adelaide Airport's new T1 terminal is opened. Port River Expressway opened.
  • 2007: World Police and Fire Games held in Adelaide. Adelaide-Glenelg tram service is extended to North Terrace (City West).
  • 2008: Record breaking heat wave set in March. RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 visits Adelaide for the last time. Electrification of suburban rail network announced.
  • 2009: Temperature reaches 45.7° Celsius[30] on 30 January. Lance Armstrong Rides in the Tour Down Under

2010s

See also

References
    • Glover, C. R. J. (Charles Richmond John); Archive CD Books Australia (2007), A history of first fifty years of Freemasonry in South Australia, 1834-1884, Archive CD Books Australia, ISBN 978-1-921461-29-3
  2. Marsden, Susan (2012). "LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA: A HISTORY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COUNCILS to 1936" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  3. "Destruction of Murray's Drapery". South Australian Register. XXXII (6634). 10 February 1868. p. 3. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. "The Fire in King William Street". South Australian Register. XL (8870). 20 April 1875. p. 6. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. "Disastrous Fire in Rundle Street". The Evening Journal. XIV (4014). Adelaide. 13 March 1882. p. 3. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. "Destruction by Fire of the Academy of Music". Frearson's Monthly Illustrated Adelaide News (1). South Australia. 1 January 1884. p. 3. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
    • Hilbig, P. B. (Paul Berthold), 1903-; Mander-Jones, Evan, 1902–1975; Freemasons. Grand Lodge of South Australia (1976), A history of craft masonry in South Australia, 1884-1934, Grand Lodge of South Australia, ISBN 978-0-9596459-0-3CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. "City Telegrams". Port Augusta Dispatch. V (465). South Australia. 17 November 1884. p. 3. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. "The Fire at Coombe's and Burford's". Evening Journal. XVII (5164). Adelaide. 21 December 1885. p. 2. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. "A Large Fire". The Express and Telegraph. XXXII (9, 512). South Australia. 25 July 1895. p. 3. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. "A Photographer Burnt Out". Adelaide Observer. LVII (3, 088). 8 December 1900. p. 30. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. "The Great Fire". The Advertiser. XLIII (13, 253). Adelaide. 10 April 1901. p. 7. Retrieved 21 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. "A Big Fire". Evening Journal. XLI (11218). Adelaide. 5 February 1907. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. "The Hindmarsh Fire". The Advertiser. L (15, 348). Adelaide. 27 December 1907. p. 7. Retrieved 11 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. "Tremendous Fire. City Corner Destroyed". The Evening Journal (Adelaide). XLIV (12356). South Australia. 16 November 1910. p. 4. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. "A Sunday Fire". The Journal. XLVIII (13271). Adelaide. 24 November 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. "TTremendous Fire at Burford's Factory". The Express and Telegraph. LVI (16, 648). South Australia. 3 February 1919. p. 2. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. "Tremendous City Conflagration". The Journal. LVIII (16062). Adelaide. 21 February 1923. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. "Catastrophe at Port Adelaide". The Register. LXXXIX (26, 001). Adelaide. 28 April 1924. p. 8. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. "Richards' Building Destroyrd". The Border Watch. LXIII (6314). South Australia. 11 November 1924. p. 3. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. "Fire at East End Market". The News. VI (761). Adelaide. 1 January 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. "Huge Fire at Glanville". The Register. XCI (26, 572). Adelaide. 25 February 1926. p. 9. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. "City Paint Shop Destroyed by Fire". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 29 April 1935. p. 15. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. "Big Fire at Woollen Mill". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 12 August 1936. p. 19. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  25. "£5,000 Fire Damage". The News. XXX (4, 521). Adelaide. 19 January 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. "Stock Exchange Blaze". The News. XXX (4, 641). Adelaide. 9 June 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  27. "Fire Destroys Timber Mill at Port". The News. XXXIII (5, 114). Adelaide. 14 December 1939. p. 7. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  28. "£120,000 Blaze in Adelaide". The Recorder (Port Pirie) (12, 957). South Australia. 22 October 1940. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  29. "Big Fire May Cost £1 Million". The News. 50 (7, 669). Adelaide. 3 March 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  30. "THE EXCEPTIONAL HEATWAVE OF JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2009 IN SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA". Australia Bureau of Statistics. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  31. "Giant 'royal' cruise ships Queen Victoria, Queen Mary II visit Adelaide". AdelaideNow. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
  32. "Giant cruise ship the Queen Mary 2 heads for Adelaide". AdelaideNow. 9 March 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  33. "Storms wipe $300m in grain crops in South Australia". Herald Sun. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  34. "Queen Mary 2 to steam into Outer Harbor today". AdelaideNow. 20 February 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
  35. "US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton impressed with Adelaide's facilities". AdelaideNow. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  36. "SA's $200m medical research institute officially opened by Prime Minister and Premier". ABC News 24. 29 November 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  37. The Seaford line is now electrified Department of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure

Further reading
  • Gargett, Kathyrn; Marsden, Susan (1996). Adelaide: A Brief History. State History Centre, History Trust of South Australia in association with Adelaide City Council. pp. 40–42. ISBN 0-7308-0116-0.
  • Whitelock, Derek (2000). Adelaide: A Sense of Difference. Kew: Australian Scholarly Publishing. pp. 393–405. ISBN 0-87560-657-1.
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