Qantas

Flying boat services were resumed in 1943, with flights between the Swan River at Crawley in Perth, Western Australia and Koggala Lake in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). This linked up with the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC, the successor airline to Imperial Airways) service to London.[21][22] Qantas' kangaroo logo was first used on the "Kangaroo Route", begun in 1944, from Sydney to Karachi, where BOAC crews took over for the rest of the journey to the UK.[22][23][24]

In 1947, QEA was nationalised by the Australian government led by Labor Prime Minister Ben Chifley. QANTAS Limited was then wound up. After nationalisation, Qantas' remaining domestic network, in Queensland, was transferred to the also nationally owned Trans-Australia Airlines, leaving Qantas with a purely international network. Shortly after nationalisation, QEA began its first services outside the British Empire, to Tokyo.[25] Services to Hong Kong began around the same time. In 1957 a head office, Qantas House, opened in Sydney.[26] In June 1959 Qantas entered the jet age when the first Boeing 707-138 was delivered.[27]

On 14 September 1992 (1992-09-14), Qantas merged with nationally owned domestic airline Australian Airlines (renamed from Trans-Australia Airlines in 1986).[28] The airline started to be rebranded to Qantas in the following year. Qantas was gradually privatised between 1993 and 1997.[29][30][31] Under the legislation passed to allow the privatisation, Qantas must be at least 51% owned by Australian shareholders.

In 1998, Qantas co-founded the Oneworld alliance with American Airlines, British Airways, Canadian Airlines and Cathay Pacific,[32] with other airlines joining subsequently.

With the entry of new budget airline Virgin Blue (now Virgin Australia) into the domestic market in 2000,[33] Qantas' market share fell. Qantas created the budget Jetstar Airways in 2001 to compete. The main domestic competitor to Qantas, Ansett Australia, collapsed on 14 September 2001.[34] Market share for Qantas immediately neared 90%, but competition with Virgin increased as it expanded; the market share of the Qantas Group eventually settled at a relatively stable position of about 65%, with 30% for Virgin and other regional airlines accounting for the rest of the market.

Qantas briefly revived the Australian Airlines name for a short-lived international budget airline between 2002 and 2006,[35] but this subsidiary was shut down in favour of expanding Jetstar internationally, including to New Zealand. In 2004, the Qantas group expanded into the Asian budget airline market with Jetstar Asia Airways, in which Qantas owns a minority stake. A similar model was used for the investment into Jetstar Pacific, headquartered in Vietnam, in 2007, and Jetstar Japan, launched in 2012.

In December 2006, Qantas was the subject of a failed bid from a consortium calling itself Airline Partners Australia. Merger talks with British Airways in 2008 also did not proceed to an agreement.[36] In 2011, an industrial relations dispute between Qantas and the Transport Workers Union of Australia resulted in the grounding of all Qantas aircraft and lock-out of the airline's staff for two days.[37]

On 25 March 2018, a Qantas Boeing 787 Dreamliner became the first aircraft to operate a scheduled non-stop commercial flight between Australia and Europe, with the inaugural arrival in London of Flight 9 (QF9).[38] QF9 was a 17-hour, 14,498 km (9,009-mile) journey from Perth Airport in Western Australia to London Heathrow.[39][40]

On 20 October 2019, Qantas Airways completed the longest commercial flight to date between New York and Sydney using Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner in 19hr 20mins.[41]

On 19 March 2020, Qantas confirmed it would suspend about 60% of domestic flights,[42] put two thirds of its employees on leave, suspend all international flights and ground more than 150 of its aircraft from the end of March until at least 31 May 2020 following expanded government travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[43][44] To survive the pandemic, Qantas had announced that it would be axing 6000 jobs. [45] Qantas had also announced it would be offloading its 30% stake in Jetstar Pacific to Vietnam Airlines, hence retiring the Jetstar brand in Vietnam. [46]

The key trends for the Qantas Group (Qantas Airways Ltd and Controlled Entities, which includes Jetstar and Qantas Cargo), are shown below (as at year ending 30 June):

Qantas Headquarters in Mascot, Sydney.

Qantas' headquarters are located at the Qantas Centre in the suburb of Mascot, Sydney, New South Wales.[4] The headquarters underwent a redevelopment which was completed in December 2013.[57]

Qantas has operated a number of passenger airline subsidiaries since inception, including:

A Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 of subsidiary Sunstate Airlines.

• Australia Asia Airlines – operated from 1990 to 1996 to allow Qantas to serve the Taiwanese market
• Impulse Airlines – an established airline bought by Qantas in 2001; ceased operations the same year and its assets used to establish Jetstar Airways
• Australian Airlines – an international budget airline operated from 2001 to 2006[58]
• QantasLink – Qantas' regional airline brand encompassing the operations of three Qantas subsidiary airlines (Eastern Australia Airlines – which also operates some aircraft on behalf of Jetstar Airways, Network Aviation and Sunstate Airlines) and a contract carrier
• Jetstar Airways – currently operating as Qantas' low-cost carrier
• Jetconnect – a wholly owned Qantas subsidiary established in 2002 that focused on trans-Tasman travel between New Zealand and Eastern Australia cities (Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney); the last of Jetconnect's aircraft were transferred to the mainline fleet in October 2018

Qantas operates a freight service under the name Qantas Freight (which uses aircraft operated by Qantas subsidiary Express Freighters Australia and also leases aircraft from Atlas Air) and also wholly owns the logistics-and-air-freight company Australian air Express.

Qantas, through its Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Programme, has some links with the Aboriginal Australian community.[59] As of 2007, the company has run the programme for more than ten years and 1–2% of its staff are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. Qantas employs a full-time Diversity Coordinator, who is responsible for the programme.[60]

Qantas has also bought and donated Aboriginal art. In 1993, the airline bought the painting Honey Ant and Grasshopper Dreaming from the Central Australian desert region. As of 2007, this painting is on permanent loan to Yiribana at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. In 1996, Qantas donated five extra bark paintings to the gallery. Qantas has also sponsored and supported Aboriginal artists in the past.

A Qantas Boeing 747-400 in Australian Grand Prix livery at Los Angeles International Airport in 2011.

An early television campaign, starting in 1969 and running for several decades, was aimed at American audiences; it featured a live koala, voiced by Howard Morris, who complained that too many tourists were coming to Australia and concluded "I hate Qantas."[61] The koala ads have been ranked among the greatest commercials of all time.[62] A long-running advertising campaign features renditions by children's choirs of Peter Allen's "I Still Call Australia Home", at various famous landmarks in Australia and foreign locations such as Venice.[63] The song has also been used in Qantas's safety videos since 2018.[64][65]

Qantas is the main sponsor of the Australia national rugby union team.[66] It also sponsors the Socceroos, Australia's national association football team.[67] Qantas was the naming rights sponsor for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix from 2010 until 2012.[68] On 26 December 2011, Qantas signed a four-year deal with Australian cricket's governing body Cricket Australia, to be the official carrier of the Australia national cricket team.[69]

Qantas management has expressed strong support for Marriage Equality and LGBTIQ issues,[70] with CEO Alan Joyce said to be, "arguably the most prominent corporate voice in the marriage equality campaign."[71] As official airline partner for the Sydney Mardi Gras, Qantas decorated one of its aircraft with rainbow wording and positioned a rainbow flag next to the tail's flying kangaroo.[72] Qantas also served pride cookies to its passengers.[73] It had a rainbow roo float in the Mardi Gras parade.[71][74] There has been criticism of Qantas using its corporate power to prosecute the private interests on their staff and the community. Peter Dutton has said that chief executives such as Alan Joyce at Qantas should "stick to their knitting" rather than using the company's brand to advocate for political causes.[75] A senior church leader has made similar comments.[76] Despite the criticism, Qantas will continue to advocate for marriage equality[77] which will include offering customers specially commissioned rings with the phrase, "until we all belong". This phrase will also appear on Qantas boarding passes and other paraphernalia. The cost of the campaign by Qantas and other participating companies is expected to be more than $5 million.[78]

Joyce has pledged Qantas will, "continue social-justice campaigning".[79][80][81] In relation to a rugby player, sacked by Rugby Australia which is financially supported by Qantas,[82] following his social media postings on homosexuality.

In August 2011, the company announced that following financial losses of A$200 million ($209 million) for the year ending June 2011 and a decline in market share, major structural changes would be made.[83] One planned change that did not come to fruition was the plan to create a new Asia-based premium airline that would operate under a different name.[84] In addition to this plan, Qantas announced it planned to cut 1,000 jobs.[85] The reforms included route changes, in particular the cessation of services to London via Hong Kong and Bangkok. While Qantas still operated in these cities, onward flights to London would be via its Oneworld partner British Airways under a code-share service.[86]

The first daylight arrival of a Qantas Airbus A380 at Dubai International Airport on 1 April 2013 is greeted with a water cannon salute.

The following year Qantas reported an A$245 million full-year loss to the end of June 2012, citing high fuel prices, intense competition and industrial disputes. This was the first full year loss since Qantas was fully privatised 17 years previously, in 1995, and led to the airline cancelling its order of 35 new Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft, to reduce its spending.[87] Qantas subsequently divested itself of its 50% holding of StarTrack, Australia's largest road freight company, in part for acquiring full interest in Australian Air Express.[88][89] On 26 March 2012, Qantas set up Jetstar Hong Kong with China Eastern Airlines Corporation, which was intended to begin flights in 2013, but became embroiled in a protracted approval process.[90]

Qantas and Emirates began an alliance on 31 March 2013, in which their combined carriers offered 98 flights per week[91] to Dubai, that saw bookings up six-fold.[92] In September 2013, following the announcement the carrier expected another A$250 million (US$220 million) net loss for the half-year period that ended on 31 December and the implementation of further cost-cutting measures that would see the cut of 1,000 jobs within a year,[93] S&P downgraded Qantas credit from BBB- (the lowest investment grade) to BB+.[94] Moody's applied a similar downgrading a month later.[95]

Losses continued into 2014 reporting year, with the Qantas Group reporting a half year loss of A$235 million (US$208 million)[96] and eventual full year loss of A$2.84 billion.[97] In February 2014 additional cost-cutting measures to save A$2 billion, including the loss of 5,000 jobs that will see the workforce lowered from 32,000 to 27,000 by 2017 were announced.[98] In May 2014 the company stated it expected to shed 2,200 jobs by June 2014, including those of 100 pilots. The carrier also reduced the size of its fleet by retiring aircraft and deferring deliveries; and planned to sell some of its assets.[98][99][100] With 2,200 employees laid off by June 2014, another 1,800 job positions were planned to be cut by June 2015.[101] Also during 2014 the Qantas Sale Act, under which the airline was privatised, was amended to repeal parts of section 7.[102] That act limits foreign ownership of Qantas to 49 percent, with foreign airlines subject to further restrictions, including a 35-percent limit for all foreign airline shareholdings combined. In addition, a single foreign entity can hold no more than 25 percent of the airline's shares.[103]

The airline returned to profit in 2015, announcing a A$557 million after tax profit in August 2015, in contrast with a A$2.84 billion loss the year earlier.[97] In 2015, Qantas sold its lease of Terminal 3 at Sydney Airport, which was due to continue until 2019, back to Sydney Airport Corporation for $535 million. This meant Sydney Airport resumed operational responsibility of the terminal, including the lucrative retail areas.[104]

Paris-based Australian designer Martin Grant is responsible for the new Qantas airline staff uniforms that were publicly unveiled on 16 April 2013. These were to replace the previous uniforms, dubbed colloquially as "Morrisey" by staff after the designer, Peter Morrissey. The new outfits combine the colours of navy blue, red and fuchsia pink. Qantas chief executive Alan Joyce stated that the new design "speaks of Australian style on the global stage" at the launch event that involved Qantas employees modelling the uniforms. Grant consulted with Qantas staff members over the course of one year to finalise the 35 styles that were eventually created.[105] Not all employees were happy with the new uniform, however, with one flight attendant being quoted as saying "The uniforms are really tight and they are simply not practical for the very physical job we have to do."[106]

As of October 2016, Qantas had codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[113]

In addition to the above codeshares, Qantas has currently entered into joint ventures with the following airlines:

• American Airlines[120]
• China Eastern Airlines[121]
• Emirates[122]

Qantas current fleet

An Airbus A380-800

An Airbus A330-300

A Boeing 737-800

A Boeing 787-9

An Airbus A330-200

As of June 2020, the Qantas mainline fleet consists of the following aircraft:[123][124]

As of November 2018, Qantas and its subsidiaries operated 297 aircraft, including 71 aircraft by Jetstar Airways; 90 by the various QantasLink-branded airlines and six by Express Freighters Australia (on behalf of Qantas Freight, which also wet leases three Atlas Air Boeing 747-400Fs).[123][137][138][139][140]

On 22 August 2012, Qantas announced that, due to losses and to conserve capital, it had cancelled its 35-aircraft Boeing 787-9 order while keeping the 15-aircraft 787-8 order for Jetstar Airways and moving forward 50 purchase rights.[141][142] On 20 August 2015 Qantas announced that it had ordered eight Boeing 787-9s for delivery from 2017.[143]

In February 2019, Qantas cancelled its remaining orders for a further eight Airbus A380-800 aircraft.[144]

In June 2019, during the Paris Air Show, Qantas Group converted 26 Airbus A321neo orders to the A321XLR variant and another ten A321neo orders to the A321LR variant; and ordered an additional ten A321XLRs. This brought Qantas Group's total Airbus A320neo family order to 109 aircraft, consisting of 45 A320neos, 28 A321LRs, and 36 A321XLRs. At the time of the announcement, Qantas CEO Alan Joyce stated that a decision had not yet been made on how the aircraft would be distributed between Qantas and Jetstar Airways, or whether they were to be used for network growth or the replacement of older aircraft.[145]

In December 2019, Qantas announced it had selected the Airbus A350-1000 for its Project Sunrise program of non-stop flights from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane to cities such as London, New York, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town, and Frankfurt. No orders have been placed but Qantas will work closely with Airbus to prepare contract terms for up to 12 aircraft ahead of a final decision by the Qantas Board. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation, plans for Project Sunrise were put on hold indefinitely.[146][147][148]

Qantas has named its aircraft since 1926. Themes have included Greek gods; stars; people in Australian aviation history; and Australian birds. Since 1959, the majority of Qantas aircraft have been named after Australian cities. The Airbus A380 series, the flagship of the airline, is named after Australian aviation pioneers, with the first A380 named Nancy-Bird Walton.[149]

Two Qantas aircraft are currently decorated with an Indigenous Australian art scheme. One aircraft, a Boeing 737-800, wears a livery called Mendoowoorrji, which was revealed in November 2013.[150] The design was drawn from the late West Australian Aboriginal artist Paddy Bedford.[151]

A Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner is adorned in a paint scheme inspired by the late Emily Kame Kngwarreye's 1991 painting Yam Dreaming. The adaptation of Yam Dreaming to the aircraft, led by Balarinji, a Sydney-based and Aboriginal-owned design firm, incorporates the red Qantas tailfin into the design, which includes white dots with red and orange tones. The design depicts the yam plant, an important and culturally significant symbol in Kngwarreye's Dreaming stories, and a staple food source in her home region of Utopia. The design was applied to the aircraft during manufacture, prior to its delivery in March 2018 to Alice Springs Airport, situated 230 kilometers southeast of Utopia, where the aircraft was met by Kngwarreye's descendants, the local community, and Qantas executives.[152][153] The aircraft would later operate Qantas' inaugural nonstop services between Perth and London Heathrow, and between Melbourne and San Francisco, scheduled with Boeing 787 aircraft.[154][155]

• 
  A Boeing 747-400ER in 2006 wearing the Wunala Dreaming livery. From 2003 to 2012, it was the second aircraft to carry the colour scheme.
• 
  A now-retired Boeing 747-300 in 2004 wearing the Nalanji Dreaming livery. The aircraft carried the colour scheme from 1995 to 2005.
• 
  A Boeing 737-800 in 2005 wearing the Yananyi Dreaming livery. The aircraft carried the colour scheme from 2002 to 2014.
• 
  A Boeing 737-800 in 2014 wearing the Mendoowoorrji livery. The aircraft has carried the colour scheme since 2013.
• 
  A Boeing 787-9 in 2018 wearing the Yam Dreaming livery. The aircraft has carried the colour scheme since 2018.

Australian Aboriginal art designs have previously adorned some Qantas aircraft; the first design was called Wunala Dreaming, which was unveiled in 1994 and had been painted on now-retired Boeing 747-400 and 747-400ER aircraft between 1994 and 2012.[156] The motif was an overall-red design depicting ancestral spirits in the form of kangaroos travelling in the outback.[63]

The second design was called Nalanji Dreaming and was depicted on a Boeing 747-300 from 1995 until its retirement in 2005. Nalanji Dreaming was a bright blue design inspired by rainforest landscape and tropical seas.[63][157]

The third design was titled Yananyi Dreaming, and featured a depiction of Uluru. The scheme was designed by Uluru-based artist Rene Kulitja, in collaboration with Balarinji. It was painted on the 737 at the Boeing factory prior to its delivery in 2002.[156] It was repainted into the standard livery in 2014.

1971 retrojet livery (2014)

1959 retrojet livery (2015)

Boeing 737-800s in 'retro-roo' schemes

In November 2014 the airline revealed that the 75th Boeing 737-800 jet to be delivered would carry a 'retro-livery' based on the airline's 1971 'ochre' colour scheme design featuring the iconic 'Flying Kangaroo' on its tail and other aspects drawn from its 1970s fleet.[158] The aircraft was delivered on 17 November.[159][160]

Qantas announced a second 737-800 would receive a 'retro roo' livery in October 2015.[161] On 16 November 2015 the airline unveiled the second 'retro roo' 737, bearing a replica livery from 1959 to celebrate the airline's 95th birthday.[162][163]

With the 100th anniversary of Qantas' founding in late 2020, a new Boeing 787-9 was painted in a commemorative livery, with all of the historical logos of Qantas on the aft fuselage.

Several Qantas aircraft have been decorated with promotional liveries, promoting telecommunications company Optus; the Disney motion picture Planes; the Australian national association football team, the Socceroos; and the Australian national rugby union team, the Wallabies.[164][165][166][167] Two aircraft – an Airbus A330-200 and a Boeing 747-400ER – were decorated with special liveries promoting the Oneworld airline alliance (of which Qantas is a member) in 2009.[168] On 29 September 2014, nonstop Airbus A380 service to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport was inaugurated using an A380 decorated with a commemorative cowboy hat and bandana on the kangaroo tail logo.[169][170] Prior to the 2017 Sydney Mardi Gras, Qantas decorated one of its Airbus A330-300 aircraft with rainbow lettering and depicted a rainbow flag on the tail of the aircraft.[72]

Qantas domestic flights are primarily operated by Boeing 737-800 and Airbus A330-200 aircraft; Airbus A330-300s sometimes operate domestically as well. A two-class configuration (Business and Economy) is offered.

Domestic Business Class is offered on all Boeing 737 and Airbus A330 aircraft. On the Boeing 737, Business is exclusively available in the first three rows of the cabin, with a seat configuration of 2-2, seat recline and a larger pitch between seats. As the A330s operate international flights, Business Suites are sometimes available on domestic routes. These seats feature all-aisle access in a 1-2-1 configuration and a fully flat 198 cm (78 in) bed.

Domestic Economy Class is offered on all Boeing 737 and Airbus A330 aircraft. Seat pitch is usually 79 cm (31 in) and seat width ranges from 43 to 44 cm (17 to 17 ¹⁄₂ in). Layouts are 3–3 on the 737[171] and 2-4-2 on the A330.

Qantas international flights are primarily operated on Airbus A380s, A330-300s, Boeing 747s, 787s and sometimes on Airbus A330-200s and Boeing 737-800s. Passenger class configuration varies by aircraft, with the Airbus A330-300 offering a two class configuration of Business and Economy on short to medium haul flights. This compares to the Airbus A380, which offers a four class configuration of First, Business, Premium Economy and Economy on selected long haul flights.

A Qantas first class suite on the Airbus A380.

First class is offered exclusively on the Airbus A380.[172][173]

It offers 14 individual suites in a 1-1-1 layout.[174] The seats rotate, facing forward for takeoff, but rotating to the side for dining and sleeping, with 83.5 in seat pitch (extending to a 212 cm fully flat bed) and a width of 74 cm (29 in). Each suite has a 43 cm (17 in) widescreen HD monitor with 1,000 AVOD programs. In addition to 110 V AC power outlets, USB ports are offered for connectivity. Passengers are also able to make use of the on-board business lounge on the upper deck. Complimentary access to both the first class and business class lounges (or affiliated lounges) is offered.

Updated versions of this seat were fitted to the airline's refurbished Airbus A380 aircraft from late 2019. This seat featured refreshed cushioning and larger entertainment screens compared to the older version seat.[175]

International Business class is offered on all Qantas mainline passenger aircraft.

On all International and selected Domestic flights, Qantas offers two different types of Business Class seats, as listed below.

Qantas Business Suite on all Boeing 787, Airbus A330-300 and selected Airbus A380 aircraft.

Business Suites are offered exclusively on all Boeing 787, Airbus A330-300 and selected Airbus A330-200 and A380 aircraft. These seats include beds and are in a 1-2-1 configuration.[176] The Business Suite was introduced on the A330 in October 2014, and also contains a bed. This seat includes a Panasonic eX3 system with a touchscreen. By the end of 2016, the business class seats of Qantas' entire Airbus A330 fleet were refitted. Airbus A330 Business Suites are available on Asian routes, transcontinental routes across Australia and smaller routes such as the East Coast triangle.

Newer versions of this seat were fitted to the airline's new Boeing 787 fleet in late 2017.[177]

Qantas Business Skybed 2 on all Boeing 747 and selected Airbus A380 aircraft.

Business Skybeds are offered on all Boeing 747 and selected A380 aircraft. On the Boeing 747, seating is in a 2-3-2 configuration on the main deck and a 2–2 configuration on the upper deck.

Older versions of the lie-flat Skybeds featured 150 cm (60 in) of seat pitch and 55 cm (21 ¹⁄₂ in) width; however passengers slept at a distinct slope to the cabin floor. Later versions of the Skybed have an 200 cm (80 in) pitch, and lie fully horizontal.[178] Skybed seats on Boeing 747s feature a 26 cm (10 in) touchscreen monitor with 400 AVOD programs. The Boeing 747 Business Skybeds are available on Asian, African and South America routes.

On the Airbus A380, 64 fully flat Skybed seats are available with 200 cm (80 in) seat pitch (converting to a 200 cm long bed). These seats are located on the upper-deck in a 2-2-2 configuration in two separate cabins. Features include a 30 cm touchscreen monitor with 1,000 AVOD programmes and an on-board lounge. Airbus A380 Business Skybeds are available on Qantas' flagship routes such as Australia to/from: London via Singapore, Los Angeles, Dallas and Hong Kong (seasonal).

In 2019, Qantas began the process of retrofitting its Airbus A380 aircraft with new Business Suites as offered on Airbus A330 and Boeing 787 aircraft. The aircraft will gain six business class seats compared to the previous configuration and all aircraft will be completed by the end of 2020.[129]

Complimentary access to the Qantas business class lounge (or affiliated lounges) is also offered.[179]

A Qantas Premium Economy seat on the Boeing 787.

Premium economy class is offered exclusively on all Airbus A380, Boeing 787-9 and Boeing 747-400 aircraft. It has a seat pitch of 97 cm (38 in) on the Boeing 747 and it ranges from 97 to 107 cm (38 to 42 in) on the Airbus A380, with a width of 50 cm (19 ¹⁄₂ in). On the Boeing 747, it is configured in a 2-3-2 seating arrangement around the middle of the main deck, whilst it is in a 2-3-2 at the rear of the upper deck on the A380. On the Boeing 787, it is configured in a 2-3-2 seating arrangement around the middle of the aircraft. The total number of seats depends on the aircraft type, as A380s have 35 seats,[180] 747s have 36 seats and 787s have 28 seats.

Qantas premium economy is presented as a lighter business class product rather than most other airlines' premium economy, which is often presented as a higher economy class, however Qantas premium economy does not offer access to premium lounges, and meals are only a slightly uprated version of economy class meals.[181]

In 2019, Qantas began the process of retrofitting its Airbus A380 aircraft with new Premium Economy seats, as offered on Boeing 787 aircraft. The aircraft will gain 25 premium economy seats compared to the previous configuration and all aircraft will be completed by the end of 2020.[182]

Qantas international economy cabin on the Airbus A380.

International Economy class is available on all Qantas mainline passenger aircraft.

Seat pitch is usually 79 cm (31 in) and seat width ranges from 43 to 44 cm (17 to 17 ¹⁄₂ in). Layouts are 3–3 on the 737,[171] 2-4-2 on the A330, 3-3-3 on the B787-9 and 3-4-3 on the 747. On the A380, the layout is 3-4-3 and there are four self-service snack bars located in between cabins.[183]

In 2019, Qantas began the process of retrofitting its Airbus A380 aircraft which includes new Economy seats with new seat cushions and improved inflight entertainment, as offered on Boeing 787 aircraft. The aircraft will have less economy seats compared to the previous configuration due to an increase in the number of premium seats.[182]

Qantas in-flight entertainment (IFE) system in Premium Economy

Every Qantas mainline aircraft has some form of video audio entertainment. Qantas has several types of in-flight entertainment (IFE) systems installed on its aircraft and refers to the in-flight experience as "On:Q".

The "Total Entertainment System" by Rockwell Collins[184] was featured on selected domestic and international aircraft between 2000 and 2019.[185] This AVOD system included personal LCD screens in all classes, located in the seat back for economy and business class, and in the armrest for premium economy and first class.

The Mainscreen System is featured on selected Boeing 737-800 aircraft.[186] This entertainment system, introduced between 2002 and 2011, has overhead video screens as the main form of entertainment. Movies are shown on the screens for lengthier flights, or TV programmes on shorter flights. A news telecast will usually feature at the start of the flight. Audio options are less varied than on Q, iQ or the Total Entertainment System.

The "iQ" inflight entertainment system by Panasonic Avionics Corporation is featured on all Boeing 747, and selected Airbus A380 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft.[187][188][189] This audio video on demand (AVOD) experience, introduced in 2008, is based on the Panasonic Avionics system and features expanded entertainment options; touch screens; and new communications-related features such as Wi-Fi and mobile phone functionality; as well as increased support for electronics (such as USB and iPod connectivity).[190]

The "Q" inflight entertainment system by Panasonic Avionics Corporation in collaboration with Massive Interactive[191] is featured on all Airbus A330-300, A330-200, Boeing 787 and selected Airbus A380 aircraft. This audio video on demand (AVOD) experience, introduced in 2014 and updated in 2018 on selected aircraft, is based on the Panasonic eX3 system and features extensive entertainment options; enhanced touch screens; and communications-related features such as Wi-Fi and mobile phone functionality; as well as increased support for electronics (such as USB and iPod connectivity). A "my flight" feature offers access to maps, playlists and a service timeline showing when drinks and meals will be served and the best time for resting on long-haul flights.[192]

Q Streaming is an in-flight entertainment system in which entertainment is streamed to iPads or personal devices available in all classes on selected aircraft. A selection of movies, TV, music and a kids' choice are available.

In 2007, Qantas conducted a trial for use of mobile telephones with AeroMobile, during domestic services for three months on a Boeing 767. During the trial, passengers were allowed to send and receive text messages and emails, but were not able to make or receive calls.[193]

Since 2014, Sky News Australia has provided multiple news bulletins both in-flight and in Qantas branded lounges. Previously, the Australian Nine Network provided a news bulletin for Qantas entitled Nine's Qantas Inflight News, which was the same broadcast as Nine's Early Morning News, however Nine lost the contract to Sky News.[194]

In July 2015, Qantas signed a deal with American cable network HBO to provide over 120 hours of television programming in-flight from the network which will be updated monthly, as well as original lifestyle and entertainment programming from both Foxtel and the National Geographic Channel.

In 2017 Qantas commenced rolling out complimentary high speed Wi-Fi on domestic aircraft. The services utilises NBN Co Sky Muster satellites to deliver higher speeds than generally offered by onboard Wi-Fi.[195] Previously, in July 2007 Qantas had announced Wi-Fi on would be available on its long haul A380s and 747-400s[196] although that system ultimately did not proceed following trials.[197]

Qantas The Australian Way is the airline's in-flight magazine.[198] In mid-2015, the magazine ended a 14-year publishing deal with Bauer Media, switching its publisher to Medium Rare.[199]

The Qantas International Business Lounge at Singapore Changi Airport.

The Qantas International Business Lounge at Sydney Airport.

The Qantas Club is the airline lounge for Qantas with airport locations around Australia and the world. Additionally, Qantas operates dedicated international first-class lounges in Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland, Los Angeles and Singapore.[200] Domestically, Qantas also offers dedicated Business Lounges at Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Canberra and Perth for domestic Business Class, Qantas Platinum and Platinum One, and OneWorld Emerald frequent flyers.[200]

In April 2013, Qantas opened its new flagship lounge in Singapore, the Qantas Singapore Lounge. This replaced the former separate first- and business-class lounges as a result of the new Emirates alliance. Similar combined lounges were also opened in Hong Kong in April 2014 and in Brisbane in October 2016.[201] These new lounges provide the same service currently offered by Sofitel in its flagship First lounges in Sydney and Melbourne and a dining experience featuring Neil Perry's Spice Temple inspired dishes and signature cocktails.[202]

Qantas Club Members, Gold Frequent Flyers and Oneworld Sapphire holders are permitted to enter domestic Qantas Clubs when flying on Qantas or Jetstar flights along with one guest who need not be travelling. Platinum and Oneworld Emerald Members are permitted to bring in two guests who do not need to be travelling. Internationally, members use Qantas International Business Class lounges (or the Oneworld equivalent). Guests of the member must be travelling to gain access to international lounges.[203] When flying with American Airlines, members have access to Admirals Club lounges and when flying on British Airways, members have access to British Airways' Terraces and Galleries Lounges.[204]

Platinum Frequent Flyers had previously been able to access the Qantas Club in Australian domestic terminals at any time, regardless of whether they were flying that day.[205] Travellers holding Oneworld Sapphire or Emerald status are also allowed in Qantas Club lounges worldwide.

Access to Qantas First lounges is open to passengers travelling on internationally operated Qantas or Oneworld first-class flights, as well as Qantas platinum and Oneworld emerald frequent flyers. Emirates first-class passengers are also eligible for access to the Qantas first lounges in Sydney and Melbourne.[200]

The Qantas Club also offers membership by paid subscription (one, two, or four years)[206] or by achievement of Gold or Platinum frequent flyer status. Benefits of membership include lounge access, priority check-in, priority luggage handling and increased luggage allowances.

The Qantas frequent-flyer program is aimed at rewarding customer loyalty. The program is long-standing, although the date of the actual inception has been a matter that has generated some commentary. Qantas state the program launched in 1987[207] although other sources claim what is the current program was launched in the early 1990s, with a Captain's Club program existing before that.[208]

Points are accrued based on distance flown, with bonuses that vary by travel class. Points can also be earned on other Oneworld airlines as well as through other non-airline partners. Points can be redeemed for flights or upgrades on flights operated by Qantas, Oneworld airlines, and other partners. Other partners include credit cards,[209] car rental companies, hotels and many others. Flights with Qantas and selected partner airlines earn Status Credits — and accumulation of these allows progression to Silver status (Oneworld Ruby), Gold status (Oneworld Sapphire), Platinum and Platinum One status (Oneworld Emerald).[210]

Membership of the program has grown significantly since 2000, when the program had 2.4 million members.[211] By 2005 membership had grown to 4.3 million,[212] then to 7.2 million by 2010[213] and 10.8 million in 2015.[214] As at 2018, the program has 12.3 million members, or approaching the equivalent of half of the Australian population.[215]

Qantas has faced criticism regarding availability of seats for members redeeming points.[216] In 2004, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission directed Qantas to provide greater disclosure to members regarding the availability of frequent-flyer seats.[217]

In March 2008, an analyst at JPMorgan Chase suggested that the Qantas frequent-flyer program could be worth A$2 billion (US$1.9 billion), representing more than a quarter of the total market value of Qantas.[218]

On 1 July 2008 a major overhaul of the program was announced. The two key new features of the program were Any Seat rewards, in which members could now redeem any seat on an aircraft, rather than just selected seats — at a price. The second new feature was Points Plus Pay, which has enabled members to use a combination of cash and points to redeem an award. Additionally, the Frequent Flyer store was also expanded to include a greater range of products and services.[219] Announcing the revamp, Qantas confirmed it would be seeking to raise about A$1 billion in 2008 by selling up to 40% of the frequent flyer program.[220] However, in September 2008, it stated it would defer the float, citing volatile market conditions.[221]

On 26 May 1971 Qantas received a call from a "Mr. Brown" claiming that there was a bomb planted on a Hong Kong-bound jet and demanding $500,000 in unmarked $20 notes. The caller and threat were taken seriously when he directed police to an airport locker where a functional bomb was found. Arrangements were made to pick up the money in front of the head office of the airline in the heart of the Sydney business district. Qantas paid the money and it was collected, after which Mr. Brown called again, advising the "bomb on the plane" story was a hoax. The initial pursuit of the perpetrator was bungled by the New South Wales Police Force which, despite having been advised of the matter from the time of the first call, failed to establish adequate surveillance of the pick-up of the money. Directed not to use their radios (for fear of being "overheard"), the police were unable to communicate adequately.[239] Tipped off by a still-unidentified informer, the police arrested an Englishman, Peter Macari,[240] finding more than $138,000 hidden in an Annandale property. Convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison, Macari served nine years before being deported to Britain. More than $224,000 remains unaccounted for. The 1986 telemovie Call Me Mr. Brown, directed by Scott Hicks and produced by Terry Jennings, relates to this incident.[241] On 4 July 1997 a copycat extortion attempt was thwarted by police and Qantas security staff.[242]

In November 2005 it was revealed that Qantas had a policy of not seating adult male passengers next to unaccompanied children. This led to accusations of discrimination. The policy came to light following an incident in 2004 when Mark Wolsay, who was seated next to a young boy on a Qantas flight in New Zealand, was asked to change seats with a female passenger. A steward informed him that "it was the airline's policy that only women were allowed to sit next to unaccompanied children".[243] Cameron Murphy of the NSW Council for Civil Liberties president criticised the policy and stated that "there was no basis for the ban". He said it was wrong to assume that all adult males posed a danger to children.[244] The policy has also been criticised for failing to take female abusers into consideration.[245]

In 2010, when British Airways was successfully sued to change its child seating policy, Qantas argued again that banning men from sitting next to unaccompanied children "reflected parents' concerns".[246] In August 2012, the controversy resurfaced when a male passenger had to swap seats with a female passenger after the crew noticed he was sitting next to an unrelated girl travelling alone. The man felt discriminated against and humiliated before the other passengers as a possible paedophile.[247] A Qantas spokesman defended the policy as consistent with that of other airlines in Australia and around the globe.[247]

In 2006 a class action lawsuit, alleging price-fixing on air cargo freight, was commenced in Australia. The lawsuit was settled early in 2011 with Qantas agreeing to pay in excess of $21 million to settle the case.[248]

Qantas has pleaded guilty to participating in a cartel that fixed the price of air cargo. Qantas Airways Ltd. was fined CAD$155,000 after it admitted that its freight division fixed surcharges on cargo exported on certain routes from Canada between May 2002 and February 2006.[249][250] In July 2007, Qantas pleaded guilty in the United States to price fixing and was fined a total of $61 million through the Department of Justice investigation. The executive in charge was jailed for six months.[251] Other Qantas executives were granted immunity after the airline agreed to co-operate with authorities.[252] In 2008 the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission fined the airline $20 million for breaches of the acts associated with protecting consumers.[253][254] In November 2010 Qantas was fined 8.8 million euros for its part in an air cargo cartel involving up to 11 other airlines.[255][256] Qantas was fined NZ$6.5 million in April 2011 when it pleaded guilty in the New Zealand High Court to the cartel operation.[257]

In response to ongoing industrial unrest over failed negotiations involving three unions (the Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association (ALAEA), the Australian and International Pilots Association (AIPA) and the Transport Workers Union of Australia (TWU)), the company grounded its entire domestic and international fleet from 5 pm AEDT on 29 October. Employees involved would be locked out from 8 p.m. AEDT on 31 October.[258] It was reported that the grounding would have a daily financial impact of A$20 million.[259] In the early hours of 31 October, Fair Work Australia ordered that all industrial action taken by Qantas and the involved trade unions be terminated immediately. The order was requested by the federal government[260] amid fears that an extended period of grounding would do significant damage to the national economy, especially the tourism and mining sectors. The grounding affected an estimated 68,000 customers worldwide.

Qantas has been subject to protests in relation to asylum seekers deportations leading to disruptions of flights. In 2015 activists prevented the transfer of a Tamil man from Melbourne to Darwin (from where he was to be deported to Colombo) by refusing to take their seats on a Qantas flight.[261][262][263][264][265] It was reported that Qantas banned the student from taking Qantas flights in the future. A nameless head of security from Qantas sent a letter to the Melbourne student's email account saying her "actions are unacceptable and will not be tolerated by the Qantas Group or the Jetstar Group".[266] Also in 2015, another Tamil man was to be sent from Melbourne to Darwin to later be deported. A protest by the man led to him not being put on the plane. A spokesman for Qantas said flight QF838 was delayed almost two hours. The delays reportedly caused inconvenience to multiple passengers, especially those with connecting flights. A spokesperson from Qantas stated that, "[s]afety and security is the number-one priority for all airlines and an aircraft is not the right place for people to conduct protests."[267] Campaigners also asked Qantas to rule out deporting Iraqi man Saeed in 2017.[268] Campaigners have asked Qantas not to participate in the high-profile deportation case of the Nadesalingam family.[269][270] In response a Qantas spokesperson stated: "We appreciate that this is a sensitive issue. The government and courts are best placed to make decisions on complex immigration matters, not airlines".[271]