Oti language

The Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.[2] The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, and the last ethnic Oti died in 1988.[3] Only a few word lists are preserved.[4]

Not to be confused with Xavante language.
Oti
Chavante
Native toBrazil
RegionState of São Paulo
ExtinctBeginning of the 20th century
Language codes
ISO 639-3oti
Glottologotii1244[1]

Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.[5]

History

The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they were Kaingang.[6] Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890.[7] By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east of Indiana and east of Presidente Prudente, between the Peixe and Paranapanema rivers, and one in Platina, some 50 km northwest of Ourinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places.[8]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968)

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[9]

glossOtí
handinsua
fireúgide
stoneracha
sunisken
moonkuyade
earthbiroa
jaguarkuatá
fisheredehe
housegobx
bowiñesteku

Nikulin (2020)

Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020),[10]:78-79 cited from Quadros (1892),[11] Borba (1908: 73–76),[12] and Ihering (1912: 8).[13]

Portuguese gloss
(original)		English gloss
(translated)		Otí
cabeçaheadursube; ufúbe
cabelohaireteche; naôdj
olhoeyeacli, athli
orelhaearaconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a
nariznoseassondlaibe; sonduái
dentetoothvê; ûa
bocamouthafót
peitochestinstúa
mãohandinsua
péfootjube; fum
sanguebloodastaete
águawaterocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede
fogofireiná; achô; úgide
árvoretreetajane
terraearthbiroa
pedrastonerátcha
chuvarainchanin; béia
sente-se!sit down!roiábe
deite fora! (?)throw it away! (?)bója

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Oti". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Lyle Campbell, 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195094271
  3. CEDI 1991. Oti-Xavante. CEDI 1991: 580–581.
  4. Glottolog
  5. Aryon Rodrigues, "Macro-Jê", in RMW Dixon, 1999, The Amazonian Languages
  6. Ute Ritz-Deutch, 2008. Alberto Vojtech Fric, the German Diaspora, and Indian Protection in Southern Brazil, 1900–1920
  7. Nimuendajú, Curt 1942. The Šerente. Los Angeles.
  8. Fabre (2009)
  9. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  10. Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Tese de Doutorado em Linguística, Universidade de Brasília.
  11. Quadros, F. R. E. Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.
  12. Borba, T. Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil). Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.
  13. Ihering, H. von. A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de las Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.
  • Alain Fabre, 2009, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Oti
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