Kagwahiva language

Kawahiva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil. The major variety is Tenharin (Tenharin).

"Júma language" redirects here. For other uses, see Juma language (Carib).
Kawahiva
Kawahib
Native toBrazil
RegionMato Grosso
Ethnicity(see varieties below)
Native speakers
870 (2000–2006)[1]
Tupian
  • Tupí–Guaraní
    • Kawahib
      • Kawahiva
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
pah – Tenharim–Parintintín
urz – Uru-eu-wau-wau
kuq – Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo)
jua – Júma
xmo – Morerebi
tkf – ? Tukumanféd (unattested)
wir – Wiraféd
paf – Paranawát
adw – Amondawa
api – Apiacá
Glottologtupi1280[2]

The Tenharim, Parintintín, Amondawa, Uru-eu-wau-wau and Júma peoples, along with a recently contacted group confusingly labeled "Karipuná" in the literature, all call themselves Kavahiva. Their speech is all very similar, and also similar with other languages now extinct. Apiaká (incl. Wiraféd) is very similar and may be a dialect.[3]

Phonology

Tenharin dialect

Phoneme Inventory of the Tenharin dialect:[4]

Vowels Front Central Back
High i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ
Mid e ẽ o õ
Low a ã
Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Labio-velar Glottal
Stop/affricate p t tʃ k kʷ ʔ
Fricative β h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ
Tap, flap ɾ

Júma dialect

Phoneme Inventory of the Júma dialect:[5]

Vowels Front Central Back
High i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ
Mid e ẽ o õ
Low a ã
Consonants Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plain stop p t k ʔ
Voiced stop ɡ
Fricative h
Nasal m n ŋ
Approximant j w
Tap, flap ɾ

References
  1. Tenharim–Parintintín at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Uru-eu-wau-wau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Karipuná (confuses Kawahib with Jau-Navo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Júma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Morerebi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tupi-Guarani Subgroup VI". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  4. "Tenharim". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  5. "Júma". www.linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-14.
  • Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Tenharim". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
  • Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Júma". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.


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