Xerénte language

The Xerénte language (Sherenté) is one of the Ge languages of Brazil. It is spoken by the Xerente people in the Tocantins region between Rio do Sono and Rio Tocantins.

Xerénte
Native toBrazil
RegionTocantins
EthnicityXerente people
Native speakers
1,810 (2000)[1]
Macro-Ge
  • Ge
    • Central
      • Xerénte
Official status
Official language in
 Brazil (Tocantínia)
Language codes
ISO 639-3xer
Glottologxere1240[2]

Phonology

[3]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ u ũ
Close-mid e ẽ o õ
Mid ə ə̃
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless p t k
voiced b d
Fricative voiceless s h
voiced z
Nasal m n
Approximant j w
Flap ɾ


Grammar

Personal pronouns[4]
Person Nominative Emphatic Absolutive Tense-Aspect-Mood-Person

markers

1S wa wahã ĩ- wa-
1P wanõrĩ (nĩ) - wa-
2S ka, toka kahã ai- bî-, te-
2P kanõrĩ (kwa), tokanõrĩ -
3S ta tahã Ø-, ã-, ti-, t- Ø-, mã-, te-
3P tanõrĩ tahãnõrĩ

The nominative and emphatic forms are free morphemes with the function of subject of transitive or intransitive sentences. The absolutive pronoun prefixes mark possessors, objects of postpositions, direct objects, subjects of nominal predicates and subjects of intransitive verbs with post-verbal operators.

Notes
  1. Xerénte at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Xerente". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-09.
  4. Filho, Sinval Martins Sousa (2011-07-05). "Padrões de alinhamento morfossintáticos em Akwe?-Xerente (Jê)". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas (in Portuguese). 11 (1): 115–128. doi:10.20396/liames.v0i11.1498. ISSN 2177-7160.


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