Warekena language

Guarequena (Warekena) is an Arawakan language of Brazil and of Maroa Municipality in Venezuela. It is one of several languages which goes by the generic name Baré and Baniwa/Baniva – in this case, Baniva de Maroa.

Warekena
Baniwa of Maroa
Guarequena
Native toBrazil, Venezuela
Native speakers
650 (2001–2006)[1]
Arawakan
  • Northern
    • Upper Amazon
      • Orinoco
        • Warekena
Language codes
ISO 639-3gae
Glottologguar1293  Baniva de Maroa[2]
ware1255  Warekena Velha
(identities confused)[3]

Kaufman (1994) classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald (1999) in Eastern Nawiki.

Personal pronouns in Warekena are formed by adding an emphatic suffix -ya to the cross-referencing personal prefixes.[4]

Grammar

Unmarked constituent order is AVO, VSo, SaV, or SioV.[4]

AVO:

wa-hã waʃi yutʃia-hã ema

then-PAUS jaguar kill-PAUS tapir

"Then the jaguar killed the tapir"

VSo:

ʃupe-hẽ ʃiani-pe

many-PAUS child-PL

"Children are many"

SaV:

peya nu-yaɺitua wiyua

one 1sg-brother die

"One of my brothers dies"

SioV:

nu-yue mawali

1sg-for hungry

"I am hungry"

Indirect objects tend to be placed immediately after the predicate.

References
  1. Warekena at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Baniva de Maroa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Warekena Velha". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. Aikenvald, Alexandra Y. 1988. "Warekena". In Desmond C. Derbyshire & Geoffrey K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian languages, iv. 225–439. Berlin: Moutin de Gruyter. Cited in Bhat, D.N.S. 2004. Pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 25


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