List of wars involving the United Kingdom
This is a list of wars involving the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its predecessor states (the Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland and generally the British Isles). Notable militarised interstate disputes are included. For a list of wars that have been fought on the United Kingdom mainland, see the list of wars in Great Britain.
Historically, the United Kingdom relied most heavily on the Royal Navy and maintained relatively small land forces. Most of the episodes listed here deal with insurgencies and revolts in the various colonies of the British Empire.
During its history, the United Kingdom's forces (or forces with a British mandate) have invaded, had some control over or fought conflicts in 171 of the world's 193 countries that are currently UN member states, or nine out of ten of all countries.[1]
- British victory
- British defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
England, Scotland and Wales to 1707
Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)
| Conflict | Britain & allies | Britain's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Great Northern War (1700–1721) |
     .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
  
|
British Allied Victory:
|
| The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) including |
.svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small} |
  .svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
|
| Civil war: Post-Spanish Succession Caribbean Piracy (1715–1726) |
Government forces |  |
British Victory
|
| Civil war: (1715–1716) Jacobite rising of 1715 including
|
Government forces | Jacobites | British Victory
Jacobite restoration attempt defeated |
| The War of the Quadruple Alliance
including
|
|
Jacobites (against the British Crown and government only) |
British Allied Victory:
|
| Dummer's War (1721–1725) |
 Mohawk |
Wabanaki Confederacy |
British Victory
|
| The War of Jenkins' Ear (1739–1748) Location: New Granada, Caribbean, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Pacific and Atlantic |
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
| |
| The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) including |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
.svg.png){kind=small}  |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome |
| Civil War:
Jacobite rising of 1745 |
Government forces | Jacobites | British Victory
Jacobite restoration attempt defeated |
| The Second Carnatic War (1749–1754) |
.svg.png){kind=small} Forces of Mohamed Ali Khan Walajan |
Forces of Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat |
British Allied Victory
|
| Seven Years' War (1756–1763) including
|
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small}   |
|
British Allied Victory
|
| Anglo-Cherokee War (1758–1761) |
|
Cherokee | British Victory
Pro-British Attakullakulla becomes Cherokee leader |
| Tacky's War (1760) |
 |
Ashanti Slaves | British Allied Victory
|
| Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–1766) |
Confederation of First Nation Tribes | Inconclusive/Other Outcome
| |
| First Anglo-Mysore War (1766–1769) |
 |
 |
Mysore Victory
Hyderabad cedes territory to Mysore |
| First Anglo-Maratha War (1774–1783) |
|
|
Inconclusive
|
|
|
.svg.png){kind=small}   Catawba tribe |
American Allied Victory
|
| 2nd Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784) |
|
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome |
| Northwest Indian War (1785–1795) |
Western Confederacy | |
American Allied Victory
|
| 3rd Anglo-Mysore War (1789–1792) |
 |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
|
| War of the French Revolution (1793–1802) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
 .svg.png){kind=small}
|
French Allied Victory
|
| Ibn Ufaisan's Invasion (1793) |
|
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| Second Maroon War (1795–1796) |
British Jamaica |
Jamaican Maroons | British Victory
|
| Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1795–1816) |
Burrberongal Tribe from 1801: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Dharug Eora Tharawal Gandangara  |
British Victory
Displacement of Aborigines from their land |
| Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) Location: Newfoundland, English Channel, Straits of Gibraltar, Balearic Islands, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome | |
| Kandyan Wars (1796–1818) |
from 1801: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
 |
British Victory
|
| Irish Rebellion of 1798 (1798) |
 |
 |
British Victory
|
| 4th Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) |
|
|
British Allied Victory
Complete annexation of Mysore by Britain and allies |
.svg.png){kind=small}
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)
| Conflict | Britain & Her Allies | Britain's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temne War (1801–1807) |
Susu tribes | Kingdom of Koya | British Allied Victory
Northern shore of Sierra Leone ceded by Koya |
| Second Anglo-Maratha War (1802–1805) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
|
British Victory
Extensive territory in India ceded by the Maratha Empire |
| First Kandyan War (1803–1805) |
|
British Victory
Territory captured from Kandy | |
| Civil War: Emmet's Insurrection |
|
British Victory
Rebellion defeated | |
| British Expedition to Ceylon (1803) |
 |
Chiefdom of Vanni |
British Allied Victory
|
| War of the Third Coalition (1803–1805) |
 |
   |
French Allied Victory
|
| War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807) |
.svg.png){kind=small}
|
 .svg.png){kind=small}  |
French Allied Victory
|
| Ashanti–Fante War (1806–1807) |
 |
Fante Confederacy | |
| Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809) |
|
Turkish Victory
| |
| Gunboat War (1807–1814) |
|
|
British Victory
|
| Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812) |
|
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| Peninsular War (1807–1814) |
|
|
British Allied Victory
|
| Travancore rebellion (1808-1809) |
|
 Kingdom of Cochin |
British Victory |
| Persian Gulf campaign of 1809 (1809) |
|
 |
British Victory |
| War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) |
.png){kind=small}  |
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
French Allied Victory
|
| Merina Conquest of Madagascar (1810–1817) |
Merina Kingdom | Rival tribes | British Victory
Merina control of Madagascar Merina pro-British policies |
| 4th Xhosa War (1811–1812) |
Xhosa tribes | British Victory
Xhosa tribes pushed beyond the Fish River, reversing their gains in the previous Xhosa wars | |
| Ga-Fante War (1811) |
|
Fante Confederacy
Akwapim tribes
Akim tribes |
Tantamkweri ceded to Akwapim tribes |
| War of 1812 (1812–1815) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
Treaty of Ghent; Status quo ante bellum with no boundary changes
|
| War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814) |
Original Coalition After Battle of Leipzig |
Until January 1814
|
British Allied Victory
|
| Second Kandyan War (1815) |
|
British Victory
| |
| Hundred Days (1815) War of the Seventh Coalition |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
|
British Allied Victory
|
| Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) |
|
|
British Victory
Virtually all territory south of the Sutlej River controlled by Britain |
| 5th Xhosa War (1818–1819) |
Khoikhoi Forces | Forces of Xhosa Chief Maqana Nxele | British Allied Victory
Xhosa pushed beyond Keiskama River |
| Greek War of Independence (1820–1830) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
|
British Allied Victory
Establishment of the Kingdom of Greece |
| First Ashanti War (1823–1831) |
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
| |
| First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) |
Native tribes |
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| Revolt of the Mercenaries (1828) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
  |
British Allied Victory
|
| Portuguese Civil War (1828–1834) |
.svg.png){kind=small}
|
|
British Allied Victory
|
| Baptist War (1831–1832) |
|
Rebel Slaves | British Victory
|
| First Carlist War (1833–1840) |
|
Carlists:
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| The 6th Xhosa War (1834–1836) |
|
Xhosa tribes | British Victory
Extensive territorial gains from Xhosa |
| Rebellions of 1837 (1837–1838) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} Hunters' Lodges Reform Movement |
British Victory
|
| First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Afghan Victory
|
| First Opium War (1839–1842) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Victory
| |
| Second Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839–1841) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
|
| Uruguayan Civil War (1839–1851) |
.svg.png){kind=small}   |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Victory
|
| First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846) |
 |
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| Flagstaff War (1845–1846) |
 |
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome |
| Hutt Valley Campaign (1846) |
|
|
British Allied Victory
Ngāti Toa Iwi retreat |
| The 7th Xhosa War (1846–1847) The War of the Axe |
Xhosa tribes | British Victory
Territory ceded from Xhosa | |
| Wanganui Campaign (1847) |
|
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901) |
.svg.png){kind=small}   .svg.png){kind=small} |
Maya | British Allied Victory
|
| Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849) |
|
|
British Victory
Complete annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company |
| Battle of Tysami (1849) |
|
Chui A-poo's pirates | British Victory |
| The 8th Xhosa War (1850–1853) Mlanjeni's War |
Xhosa tribes
Khoikhoi tribes
|
British Victory
Xhosa-Khoi attacks defeated Status quo ante bellum | |
| Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) |
|
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | British Allied Victory
|
| Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852–1853) |
|
British Victory
Burmese revolution ended fighting Lower Burma annexed | |
| Crimean War (1853–1856) |
|
|
British Allied Victory |
| The National War in Nicaragua (1856–1857) |
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}    |
 |
British Allied Victory
Sonora/Nicaraguan government defeat. |
| Second Opium War (1856–1860) Arrow War |
|
|
British Allied Victory
The Treaty of Tientsin:
|
| Anglo-Persian War (1856–1857) |
|
 |
British Allied Victory
Persian withdrawal from Herat |
| Indian Mutiny (1857–1858) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
  |
British Allied Victory
Act for the Better Government of India:
|
| First Taranaki War (1860–1861) Second Māori War |
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome | |
| Bombardment of Kagoshima (1863) |
|
 |
British Victory
|
| Second Ashanti War (1863–1864) |
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome | |
| Invasion of Waikato (1863–1866) Third Māori War |
|
|
British Victory
Māori King Movement defeated, confined to King Country |
| Bhutan War (1864–1865) |
 |
Bhutan | British Victory
Treaty of Sinchula:
|
| British Expedition to Abyssinia (1867–1868) |
|
 |
British Victory |
| Klang War (1867–1874) Selangor Civil War |
Forces of Raja Abdullah of Klang
|
Forces of Raja Mahadi | British Allied Victory |
| Titokowaru's War (1868–1869) Part of the New Zealand Wars |
|
|
British Allied Victory
Ngāti Ruanui Iwi withdrawal |
| 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia (1868) |
|
|
British Victory
British hostages freed War of the Abyssinian Succession begins |
| Te Kooti's War
Part of the New Zealand Wars |
|
|
British Allied Victory
End of New Zealand Wars Territory ceded by Māori iwi |
| Red River Rebellion (1869–1869) |
.svg.png){kind=small}
|
 |
British Allied Victory
Defeat of rebellion Manitoba Act:
|
| Third Ashanti War (1873–1874) |
|
British Victory
Treaty of Fomena:
| |
| The 9th Xhosa War (1877–1879) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Xhosa Gcaleka Tribe | British Victory
All Xhosa territory annexed to the Cape Colony |
| Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880) |
|
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome |
| Anglo-Zulu War (1879) |
|
Zulu Kingdom | British Victory
Zululand annexed to Natal |
| ‘Urabi Revolt (1879–1882) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
|
British Allied Victory
|
| First Boer War (1880–1881) |
 |
South African Victory
| |
| Mahdist War (1884–1889) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Mahdist Sudan | British Allied Victory |
| Third Anglo-Burmese War (1885) |
|
British Victory
Upper Burma annexed to British Raj | |
| Sikkim Expedition (1888) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Victory
Tibet recognizes British suzerainty over Sikkim |
| Anglo-Manipur War (1891) |
 |
British Victory | |
| Anglo-Zanzibar War (1896) |
 |
British Victory
Pro-British Sultan installed | |
| Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) |
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} _crowned.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| Second Boer War (1899–1902) |
 |
British Victory
| |
| Mahsud Waziri blockade (1900–1902) |
|
Mahsud rebels | British Victory |
| Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902) |
 |
British Victory
Aro Confederacy destroyed | |
| British expedition to Tibet (1903–1904) |
|
|
British Victory |
| Bazar Valley campaign (1908) |
|
Rebel tribes | British Victory |
| First World War (1914–1918) |
Allied Powers
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small}   |
Central Powers
 |
British Allied Victory
Treaties of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Trianon:
Russia pulls out in 1917
Creation of League of Nations:
|
| Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920) |
   .svg.png){kind=small} |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
|
| Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) |
  |
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War (1918–1920) |
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
 .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small} |
Bolshevik Victory
|
| Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923) |
|
Supported by: |
Turkish Allied Victory
|
| Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome[10][11]
|
| Kuwait–Najd War (1919–1920) |
 |
 |
British Allied Victory |
| Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) |
|
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| Somaliland campaign (1920) (1920) |
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
 |
British Victory
Demise of the Dervish State |
| Great Iraqi Revolution of 1920 (1920) |
 |
British Victory
|
.svg.png){kind=small}
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922–present)
| Conflict | Britain & Her Allies | Britain's opposition | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adwan Rebellion (1923) |
|
|
British Allied Victory
Sultan al-Adwan's defeat and exile |
| Ikhwan Revolt (1927–1930) |
.svg.png){kind=small}  |
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| Great Arab Revolt in Palestine (1936–1939) |
 |
|
British Allied Victory
Revolt suppressed |
| Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine (1939–1948) |
|
|
Yishuv Victory[14]
|
| S-Plan 16 January 1939 – March 1940 |
|
|
British Victory
|
| Second World War (1939–1945) |
Allied Powers
.svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}   .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  |
Axis Powers
.svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small}    |
British Allied Victory
Nazi Germany formally surrenders 8 May 1945, ending the Second World War in Europe. British (and Commonwealth), French, American, and Soviet troops occupy Germany until 1955, Italy and Japan lose their colonies, Europe is divided into 'Soviet' and 'Western' spheres of interest. |
| Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947 (1944 – 1947) |
.svg.png){kind=small} • Allied Nuristani tribesmen • |
Rebel tribes: |
Afghan government & British victory
|
| 1944–45 Insurgency in Balochistan (1944 – 1945) |
|
Badinzai rebels | British Victory
|
| Northern Campaign 2 September 1942 – December 1944 |
|
|
British Victory
|
| Greek Civil War (1944–1948) |
|
D.S.E. (Δ.Σ.Ε.)
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied VictoryCommunist forces defeated, many D.S.E. soldiers exiled in Eastern Europe.Battalion of UK troops still in Greece till 1948 |
| Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949) |
|
 |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| Operation Masterdom (1945–1946) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| Corfu Channel incident (1946–1948) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Victory
|
| Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) |
|
  |
British Allied Victory
|
| Korean War (1950–1953) |
  .svg.png){kind=small}   |
   |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| 1951 Anglo-Egyptian War[15] (1951–1952) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Victory
|
| Mau Mau Uprising (1952–1960) |
|
Mau Mau | British Victory
|
| Jebel Akhdar War (1954–1959) |
 |
|
British Allied Victory
|
| Cyprus Emergency (1955–1959) |
|
 |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
|
| Suez Crisis (1956–1957) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Inconclusive/Other Outcome
Coalition military victory[16][17][18]
|
| Border Campaign (1956–1962) |
|
 |
British Victory
IRA campaign fails |
| First Cod War (1958–1961) |
|
 |
Icelandic Victory Iceland expands its territorial waters to 12 nautical miles |
| Upper Yafa disturbances[20] (1959) |
|
Rebels | British Victory |
| Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (1962–1966) |
|
|
British Allied Victory
Indonesia recognises Malaysian rule over former North Borneo |
| Dhofar Rebellion (1962–1975) |
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
 |
British Allied Victory Insurgency defeatedModernisation of Oman |
| Aden Emergency (1963–1967) |
 |
 FLOSY |
Yemeni NLF Victory People's Republic of South Yemen established |
| Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) |
  |
 |
British Allied Victory
|
| The Troubles (1968–1998) |
|
Loyalist paramilitaries:
|
Inconclusive/Other Outcome Good Friday Agreement:
|
| Second Cod War (1972–1973) |
|
|
Icelandic Victory UK accept Iceland's 50 nautical mile exclusive fishery zone |
| Third Cod War (1975–1976) |
|
|
Icelandic Victory Iceland expands its exclusive fishery zone to 200 nautical miles |
| Falklands War (1982) |
|
|
British Victory
British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands re-established. |
| Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984) |
  |
Islamic Jihad Organization    |
Syrian Allied Victory[21]
|
| Gulf War (1991) |
 |
%3B_Flag_of_Syria_(1963%E2%80%931972).svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory Kuwait regains its independence |
| Bosnian War (1992–1995) |
|
 .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
Dayton Accords |
| Operation Desert Fox (1998) |
|
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
Objectives largely achieved |
| Kosovo War (1998–1999) |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
%3B_Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_(2003%E2%80%932006).svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory Kosovo occupied by Nato forces Kosovo administered by UNMIK |
| Sierra Leone Civil War (2000–2002) |
 |
|
British Allied Victory
Rebels defeated |
| War in Afghanistan Fourth Anglo-Afghan War[24] (2001–2014) (Withdrawal) |
.svg.png){kind=small}   |
 |
Ongoing Fall of Taliban régime and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Osama bin Laden killed Taliban insurgency
|
| Iraq War (2003–2009) |
 |
 Various insurgents |
British Allied Victory:
|
| Libyan Civil War (2011) |
Many NATO  .svg.png){kind=small}  |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
British Allied Victory
|
| Operation Shader (2014–present) |
.svg.png){kind=small}          |
|
Ongoing
|
| 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis (2019–present) |
|
_logo.jpg){kind=logo} |
Ongoing
|
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See also
- List of wars involving England
- List of wars in Great Britain
- Military history of the United Kingdom
- Declaration of war by the United Kingdom
Notes
- Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, though most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon
References
- Laycock, S. (2012). All the Countries We've Ever Invaded – And the Few We Never Got Round To. The History Press. ASIN 0752479695.
- M. R. Kantak (1993), The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles, quote: "Inspite of British superiority in the military science, the British troops could not force a decisive win over the Maratha troops in the First Anglo-Maratha War. The ultimate result of the War showed that the two sides remained evenly balanced.", p. 226, ISBN 9788171546961
- John Bowman (2000-09-05), Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture, quote: "First Anglo-Maratha War...The war ends inconclusively.", Columbia University Press, p. 290, ISBN 9780231500043
- Rosa, José María (1974) [1970]. Historia Argentina [History of Argentina] (in Spanish). V. Buenos Aires: Editorial Oriente S.A. pp. 279–288.
- Abad de Santillán, Diego. Historia Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: TEA (Tipográfica Editora Argentina). p. 383.
- Johnson, Robert (2011). The Afghan Way of War: How and Why They Fight. Oxford University Press. p. 206. ISBN 9780199912568.
Afghanistan was rendered a British Protectorate and Sher Ali's strategy had failed
- Blood, Peter R, ed. (1996). Pakistan: A Country Study. Diane Publishing. pp. 20–21. ISBN 9780788136313.
- Thomas, Nigel; Boltowsky, Toomas (2019). Armies of the Baltic Independence Wars 1918–20. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 9781472830777.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth century. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-521-27459-3.
- Lansford 2017, p. 47.
- Sidebotham, Herbert (1919). "The Third Afghan War". New Statesman, 16 August 1919. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
- Cavanna 2015, p. xviii.
- Reeva S. Simon; Philip Mattar; Richard W. Bulliet (1996). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East – Volume 1. p. 119.
Fighting between Kuwait's forces and Wahhabi supporters of Ibn Sa'ud broke out in May 1920, and the former were soundly defeated. Within a few weeks, the citizens of Kuwait constructed a new wall to protect Kuwait City.
- Charters, David A. The British army and Jewish insurgency in Palestine, 1945-47. Springer, 1989, p. X
- Egypt 1951 War with Britain, Globalsecurity.org
- Tal (2001) p 203
- Mart, Michelle (2006-02-09). Eye on Israel: How America Came to View the Jewish State as an Ally. p. 159. ISBN 0791466876.
- Stewart (2013) p 133
- Kunz, Diane B. (1991). The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis. p. 187. ISBN 0-8078-1967-0.
- "Upper Yafa (Disturbances): 7 Jul 1959: House of Commons debates". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
- Friedman, Thomas L. (1984-04-08). "America's Failure in Lebanon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-03-08.
- "Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Larry Speakes". September 23, 1982.
- "The Collapse of Lebanon's Army: U.S. Said to Ignore Factionalism". March 11, 1984.
- The Fourth Afghan War is lost The Daily Telegraph, 4 September 2009
- "Sectarian divisions change Baghdad's image". NBC News. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Ctc.usma.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-02.
- "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests". U.S Department of State. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- "British air strikes killed 3,000 ISIS militants in Iraq and Syria in three years."
- Drone Wars UK: Operation Shader.
- UK troops training Kurdish forces in Iraq, says MoD
- British trained Iraqi soldiers gear up to back Baghdad surge
Further reading
- Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509–1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
- Black, Jeremy. A military history of Britain: from 1775 to the present (2008).
- Bradford, James C. ed. International Encyclopedia of Military History (2 vol. 2006).
- Brownstone, David and Irene Franck. Timelines of War: A Chronology of Warfare from 100,000 BC to the Present (1996), Global coverage.
- Cannon, John, ed. The Oxford Companion to British History (2003)
- Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485–1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
- Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
- Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660–1936 (1936). online
- Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present (1993).
- Fortescue, John William. History of the British Army from the Norman Conquest to the First World War (1899–1930), in 13 volumes with six separate map volumes. Available online for downloading; online volumes; The standard highly detailed full coverage of operations.
- Haswell, Jock, and John Lewis-Stempel. A Brief History of the British Army (2017).
- Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970; includes local and naval forces.
- James, Lawrence. Warrior Race: A History of the British at War (Hachette UK, 2010). excerpt
- Johnson, Douglas, et al. Britain and France: Ten Centuries (1980)
- Mulligan, William, and Brendan Simms, eds. The Primacy of Foreign Policy in British History, 1660–2000 (Palgrave Macmillan; 2011) 345 pages
- Neville, Peter (2013). Historical Dictionary of British Foreign Policy. Scarecrow Press. pp. xix–xxxi. ISBN 9780810873711. timeline pp xix to xxxi
- Otte, T.G. The Makers of British Foreign Policy: From Pitt to Thatcher (2002)
- Ranft, Bryan. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy (Oxford UP, 2002).
- Rodger, N. A.M. The safeguard of the sea: A naval history of Britain, 660–1649 (Vol. 1. 1998). excerpt
- Rodger, N.A.M.The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815 (vol 2 2006) excerpt
- Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online
- Ward, A.W. and G.P. Gooch, eds. The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783–1919 (3 vol, 1921–23), old detailed classic; vol 1, 1783–1815 ; vol 2, 1815–1866; vol 3. 1866–1919
Historiography
- Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74 etc.; annotated guide to most important books.
- Schroeder, Paul W. "Old Wine in Old Bottles: Recent Contributions to British Foreign Policy and European International Politics, 1789–1848." Journal of British Studies 26.01 (1987): 1–25.
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