List of wars involving England
This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom.
10th and 11th centuries
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 937 | 1066 | Viking invasions of England | Denmark Norway | Viking power broken after Battle of Stamford Bridge | |
| 1066 | 1088 | Norman Conquest of England | Duchy of Normandy | Norman victory | |
| 1067 | Norman invasion of Wales | Welsh kingdoms | Norman victory | ||
| 1096 | 1099 | First Crusade | Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Duchy of Apulia Byzantine Empire | Great Seljuq Empire Danishmends Fatimids Almoravids | Crusader victory |
12th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1135 | 1154 | The Anarchy | Supporters of Stephen of Blois | Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle | Treaty of Wallingford
|
| 1145 | 1149 | Second Crusade | Kingdom of Jerusalem Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Portugal Castile County of Barcelona León Byzantine Empire | Sultanate of Rum Almoravids Almohads Zengids Abbasids | Muslim victory in the Holy Land Crusader victories in Iberia and the Baltic |
| 1173 | 1174 | Revolt of 1173–74 | English royalists | English rebels Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland County of Flanders County of Boulogne Duchy of Brittany |
Royalist victory
Rebels reconciled to rule of Henry II. |
| 1189 | 1192 | Third Crusade | Kingdom of Jerusalem France Holy Roman Empire | Ayyubids Zengids Sultanate of Rum Byzantine Empire | Treaty of Ramla
|
13th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1213 | 1214 | Anglo-French War (1213–1214) |  .svg.png){kind=small}   |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
French victory, collapse of the Angevin Empire. |
| 1215 | 1217 | First Barons' War | |
Rebel Barons | Rebellion put down, French invasion repelled, followed by return to antebellum status quo. |
| 1242 | 1242 | Saintonge War | |
French victory | |
| 1264 | 1267 | Second Barons' War | Rebel barons | Monarchic victory | |
| 1271 | 1272 | Ninth Crusade |   
|
 |
Partial Crusader victory |
| 1277 | 1283 | Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England | Principality of Wales | English victory | |
| 1294 | 1303 | Anglo-French War | Kingdom of England | Kingdom of France | Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, the daughter of King Philip IV of France marries the son of King Edward I of England, and England regains Gascony in exchange for Edward I's homage to Philip IV. France occupies Flanders. |
| 1296 | 1328 | First War of Scottish Independence |  |
Scottish victory | |
14th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1321 | 1322 | Despenser War | Marcher Lords | Royalist victory | |
| 1324 | 1324 | War of Saint-Sardos | |
French victory | |
| 1332 | 1357 | Second War of Scottish Independence | |
Scottish victory | |
| 1337 | 1453 | Hundred Years' War |      |
.svg.png){kind=small}     
|
English victory in the Edwardian War French victory in the Caroline War and the Lancastrian War |
| 1377 | 1575 | Anglo-Scottish Wars | |
Stalemate | |
| 1381 | 1382 | Third Ferdinand War |  |
|
Castillian victory |
| 1383 | 1385 | 1383–85 Crisis | .svg.png){kind=small} |
  |
Victory |
.svg.png){kind=small}
15th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1400 | 1415 | Glyndŵr RisingPart of the Hundred Years' War |  |
Total English victory | |
| 1455 | 1485 | Wars of the Roses |  |
 |
Lancastrian victory, founding of the House of Tudor |
| 1470 | 1474 | Anglo-Hanseatic War |  |
Hanseatic League | Defeat, Hanseatic victory |
| 1496 | 1498 | Italian War of 1494–1498 (1494–1498) |
League of Venice:
|
 |
Victory
|
| 1497 | 1497 | Cornish Rebellion of 1497 | Cornish rebels | English victory | |
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16th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1512 | 1514 | War of the League of Cambrai | .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small}  |
 .svg.png){kind=small} |
French and Venetian victory |
| 1522 | 1525 | Italian War of 1521–26 | |
|
Victory |
| 1528 | 1529 | War of the League of Cognac |   |
|
Defeat, Imperial-Spanish victory |
| 1542 | 1546 | Italian War of 1542–46 |  |
 |
Inconclusive |
| 1543 | 1550 | Rough Wooing | |
 |
Defeat, Treaty of Norham, Scottish victory |
| 1549 | 1549 | Prayer Book Rebellion | Southwestern Catholics | Edwardian victory | |
| 1556 | 1559 | Italian War of 1551–59 |  |
 |
Defeat, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, Loss of Calais |
| 1562 | 1598 | French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) |
Protestants:  |
Catholics:   |
Victory
|
| 1566 | 1648 | Eighty Years' War |   German Protestants |
|
Victory
Peace of Münster, independent Netherlands |
| 1569 | 1573 | First Desmond Rebellion |  allied Irish clans |
allied Irish clans |
Victory |
| 1579 | 1583 | Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) |
allied Irish clans |
allied Irish clans |
Victory
|
| 1580 | 1583 | War of the Portuguese Succession | .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
Defeat
|
| 1585 | 1604 | Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) | 
|
 |
Stalemate
|
| 1594 | 1603 | Nine Years' War (Ireland) | |
|
Victory
|
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.svg.png){kind=small}
17th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1602 | 1661 | Dutch-Portuguese War (1602–1661) | (until 1640)    Kingdom of Ndongo |
.svg.png){kind=small}  (until 1640)  Potiguara Tupis |
Treaty of Hague
|
| 1625 | 1630 | Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630) | Support: |
|
Status quo ante bellum
|
| 1627 | 1629 | Anglo-French War (1627–1629) | |
|
French victory |
| 1639 | 1653 | Bishops' Wars (1639–1640) |  |
 |
Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England. |
| 1640 | 1668 | Portuguese Restoration War | |
|
Victory
|
| 1641 | 1653 | Irish Confederate Wars |  |
 (allied with Royalists 1648–1650) English and Scottish Royalists |
English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland, defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic power |
| 1642 | 1651 | English Civil War | Parliamentarians | Royalists | Parliamentarian victory
|
| 1652 | 1654 | First Anglo-Dutch War | |
|
Victory |
| 1654 | 1660 | Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) | |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
Victory |
| 1665 | 1667 | Second Anglo-Dutch War |  |
 |
Defeat
|
| 1672 | 1674 | Third Anglo-Dutch War |  |
|
Defeat
|
| 1672 | 1678 | Franco-Dutch War |  |
.svg.png){kind=small}  |
Peace between France, England and the Dutch Republic:
|
| 1685 | 1685 | Monmouth Rebellion | |
 |
Victory for James II |
| 1687 | 1688 | Anglo-Siamese War |  |
.svg.png){kind=small} (with help from French mercenaries) |
Inconclusive. English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all foreign trade in Siam for 150 years. |
| 1688 | 1697 | Nine Years' War | Grand Alliance: |
.svg.png){kind=small} |
|
18th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1701 | 1714 | War of the Spanish Succession |  .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small}  .svg.png){kind=small} |
 .svg.png){kind=small} .svg.png){kind=small} |
|
List of civil wars
- Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
- The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
- Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
- First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
- Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
- Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
- Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
- Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
- Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
- First Bishops' War (1639)
- Second Bishops' War (1640)
- Irish Rebellion of 1641
- First English Civil War (1642–46)
- The Confederates' War (1642–48)
- Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)
- Second English Civil War (1648)
- Third English Civil War (1650–51)
- Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)
- Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
- Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland and Ireland
- Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91)
- Battle of the Boyne (1690) – last battle between two rival claimants for the throne
See also
- List of wars in Great Britain
- Military history of England
- List of wars involving England and France
- List of wars involving the United Kingdom
References
- Geoffrey Parker p.73
Further reading
- Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509-1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
- Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
- Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
- Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online
- Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970.
- Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online
Historiography
- Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74; annotated guide to most important books.
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