Upper Yafa

Upper Yafa or Upper Yafa'i (Arabic: يافع العليا‎ Yāfi‘ al-‘Ulyā), officially State of Upper Yafa (Arabic: دولة يافع العليا‎ Daulat Yāfiʿ al-ʿUlyā), was a state in the British Aden Protectorate and the Protectorate of South Arabia. It was ruled by the Harharah dynasty and its capital was Mahjaba, a small town on a hill located by road 621, about 50 km northeast of Habilayn.[1]

State of Upper Yafa
يافع العليا
Yāfi‘ al-‘Ulyā
State of the Protectorate of South Arabia
c. 1800–1967
Flag
Emblem

Map of the Federation of South Arabia
CapitalMahjaba
Area 
• 1967 est.
1,600 km2 (620 sq mi)
Population 
• 1967 est.
35000
 • TypeSultanate
Historical era20th century
• Established
c. 1800
• Disestablished
29 November 1967
Succeeded by
South Yemen
Upper Yafa stamp

History

The Yafa'i tribe has traditionally inhabited the mountainous hinterland of the Aden area. In the 19th century it was formed by two sultanates, Lower and Upper Yafa. Upper Yafa included the five sheikhdoms of Al-Busi, Al-Dhubi, Al-Hadrami, Al-Muflihi, and Al-Mausata that were unified by the Harharah dynasty around 1800.[2] A treaty of Protection was signed between the British and the Sultan of Upper Yafa on 21 October 1903.[3]

The area of Upper Yafa had not been visited by Europeans before Colonel M.C. Lake of the British Indian Army explored it in order to gather intelligence and to find suitable sites for landing grounds. In 1925 Lake built a small army of tribal warriors that would be able to assist the British Aden Protectorate in eventual territorial scuffles with the Imam of Yemen.[4]

Between 1955 and 1957 there were uprisings against the British authorities in Upper Yafa that were successfully suppressed.[5] Unlike Lower Yafa, in the 1960s Upper Yafa did not join the British-sponsored Federation of South Arabia, forming an enclave that became a part of the Protectorate of South Arabia.

The Upper Yafa Sultanate was abolished in 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of South Yemen. South Yemen united with North Yemen in 1990 to form the Republic of Yemen. Harhara’s are known to be one of the fiercest tribes in all of Yemen.

Rulers

Sheikhs of Upper Yafa

c.1730 - 1735 `Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Harhara

c.1735 - 1750 Ahmad ibn `Ali Al Harhara

c.1750 - 1780 Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara

c.1780 - 1800 `Umar ibn Salih Al Harhara

Sultans of Upper Yafa

c.1800 - 1810 Qahtan ibn `Umar ibn Salih Al Harhara

c.1810 - 1815 `Umar ibn Qahtan ibn `Umar Al Harhara

c.1815 - 1840 Qahtan ibn `Umar ibn Qahtan Al Harhara

c.1840 - 1866 `Abd Allah ibn Nasir ibn Salih Al Harhara

1866 - 1875 al-Husayn ibn Abi Bakr ibn Qahtan Al Harhara

1875 - 28 Apr 1895 Muhammad ibn `Ali ibn Salih ibn Ahmad Al Harhara

1895 - 1903 Qahtan ibn `Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara

4 Dec 1903 - 1913 Salih ibn `Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara (1st time)

1913 - 1919 `Umar ibn Qahtan ibn `Umar Al Harhara

1919 - 1927 Salih ibn `Umar ibn al-Husayn Al Harhara (2nd time)

1927 - 1948 Umar ibn Salih ibn `Umar Al Harhara

1948 - 29 Nov 1967 Muhammad ibn Salih ibn `Umar Al Harhara

Postage stamps

The Sultanate of Upper Yafa issued stamps in September 1967 although Mahjaba did not have functioning postal services at that time.

Artistamp artist Bruce Grenville has created a set of stamps for the Sultanate of Upper Yafa.

Many further stamps were issued, not by the official authority, even after the dissolution of the Federation and the establishment of the Republic of South Yemen. These stamps can be found in the Phillips CD Catalogue of Oman State, Dhufar and South Arabia (Volume 15)

See also

References
  1. Picture of Mahjaba
  2. Treaties and Engagement relating to Aden and the South-Western Coast of Arabia Archived 2013-12-10 at the Wayback Machine p. 18–20
  3. British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Eastern affairs, June 1936-June 1938. University Publications of America. 1985. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-89093-603-0.
  4. Report by Lieut.-Colonel M C Lake on his visit to Upper and Lower Yafa., Middle East No. 8, The National Archives, Kew, 1926
  5. Waldemar Gruschke, Markenländer-Lexikon, vol. 3 N–Sh, 2006, p. 83, ISBN 3-8334-4936-5

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