Foreign relations of the Philippines

Foreign relations of the Philippines are administered by the President of the Philippines and the Department of Foreign Affairs. Philippine international affairs are influenced by ties to its Southeast Asian neighbors, China, the United States, and the Middle East.

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Trust rating of Seven countries, October 2016[1]
CountryMuch trustUndecidedLittle trustM-L
 United States761311+66
 Australia622115+47
 Japan562221+34
 Norway413126+16
 Netherlands403126+14
 Taiwan362934+3
 China222255-33

The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations;[2] an elected member of the Security Council[3] and participant in the FAO, International Labour Organization (ILO), UNESCO and World Health Organization. Like most nations, the Philippines is a signatory of Interpol. The Philippines is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, East Asia Summit and Association of Caribbean States (as observer). It was formerly a member of the now-defunct Latin Union and the SEATO. Declaring itself as independent of any major power block of nations, the Philippines is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Economically, the Philippines is a participant in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asian Development Bank, the Colombo Plan, Group of 24, G-20, G-77, the World Bank, Next Eleven and the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Foreign policy
The Philippines (in red) has embassies in various nations (in blue).

Philippine foreign policy is based on the advancement of Filipino ideals and values, which include the advancement of democracy and advocacy for human rights worldwide.

The nation is currently actively engaging with regional neighbors in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (as a founding member) with the intention of strengthening regional harmony, stability, and prosperity. It has been a supporter of East Timor since the latter's independence and has expanded trade links with its traditional allies Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Relations with Vietnam and Cambodia have thawed in the 1990s after their entry into the ASEAN.

Ties to the United States have affected Filipino international relations. The Republic of the Philippines considers itself a staunch ally of the United States and has supported many points of American foreign policy. This is evident in the Philippines' participation in the Iraq War and the War on Terror. Speaking to this support, U.S. President George W. Bush praised the Philippines as a bastion of democracy in the East and called the Philippines America's oldest ally in Asia. President Bush's speech on October 18, 2003 was only the second U.S. Presidential address to the Philippine Congress; U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered the first.

With a robust relationship to the United States, the administration of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo sought to establish closer ties to its earlier colonizer, Spain. This was inspired by the attendance of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía at the June 12, 1998 celebration honoring the centennial of the Philippines' independence from Spain. President Macapagal-Arroyo made two official visits to Spain during her presidency.

In recent years, the Philippines attaches great importance in its relations with China, and has established significant cooperation with the country.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

The Armed Forces of the Philippines has been a participant in various regional conflicts, including the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Recently, the Philippines sent peacekeeping forces to Iraq, in addition to civilian doctors, nurses and police. However, the Filipino mission was later recalled as collateral for the release of a Filipino hostage. As part of a UN Peacekeeping Operation, Philippine Army General Jaime de los Santos became the first commander of troops responsible for maintaining order in East Timor.

The Philippines is in tension with rival international claimants to various land and water territories in the South China Sea. The Philippines is currently in dispute with the People's Republic of China over the Camago and Malampaya gas fields. The two countries are also in dispute over the Scarborough Shoal. Additionally, the Philippines has a disputed claim over the Spratly Islands.

Relations with other Asian nations have been strong. Japan, which has been an active donor of aid, has close ties with the country. Relations with China have recently been expanded, especially with regards to the economy. The presence of a large South Korean expatriate community has led to the expansion of relations between the two nations. India has also been an important partner, as have countries outside of Asia such as Australia, Mexico, New Zealand, and Saudi Arabia.

In recent years, the Philippines has been distancing itself from the West due to its active role in the Non-Aligned Movement and the G-77. This trend is reflected in its recent positions on Kosovo, Iran and Israel. Its relations with Japan, Indonesia, Australia, and Vietnam have strengthened into a new depth due to closer regional diplomatic, economic, cultural, and defense cooperation and the flaring tensions in the South China Sea dispute. Despite this, its relations with its defense treaty ally, the United States, remains vigorously strong. On the other hand, relations with China continue to deteriorate due to disputes concerning the West Philippine Sea, which is in the eastern portion of the South China Sea. Relations with Malaysia have been in a cordial and diplomatic stance due to safety measures since Malaysia was found to have been funding Islamic terrorist groups in the southern Philippines in the past due to the North Borneo dispute. The country is campaigning for Timor-Leste's membership in ASEAN. The Philippines is an active member in ASEAN with close ties with most of the members of the organization. It is expected to be the biggest economy in ASEAN by 2050.

Relations with specific countries and regions

Note: Date of formal relations may have discrepancy of one day due to differences in time zone and the location where the agreement establishing formal relations was signed.

Asia
Country Formal relations began Notes
 AzerbaijanMarch 27, 1992[10]

President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has received the credentials of incoming ambassador of the Philippines Marilyn Jusayan Alarilla. During a meeting following the ceremony, the ambassador conveyed greetings of the Philippine President Benigno Aquino III to the Azerbaijani leader. She noted the Philippines was interested in developing the cooperation with Azerbaijan in different areas, including energy, science and technologies. President Ilham Aliyev said there was good potential for developing Azerbaijan–Philippines relations in many fields, particularly economic one.

 BahrainJanuary 1978[11]
Main article: Bahrain–Philippines relations
 BangladeshFebruary 24, 1972[12]
 BhutanN/A

The Philippines has yet to establish diplomatic relations with Bhutan. However, numerous senators and high-profile personalities from the Philippines have visited Bhutan and have expressed their intentions to spread the Gross National Happiness dogma in the Philippines as it was seen as an effective and efficient way to enhance nationhood building, environment and cultural conservation and propagation, and human rights. In September 2014, the Prime Minister of Bhutan visited the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank headquarters in Manila.[13]

 BruneiJanuary 1, 1984
Main article: Brunei–Philippines relations

In April 2009, The Philippines and Brunei signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that seeks to strengthen the bilateral cooperation of the two countries in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.[14] The MOU further strengthening bilateral cooperation between the two Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.[15] The two countries have agreed to cooperate in plant science, crops technology, vegetable and fruit preservation, biotechnology, post-harvest technology, livestock, organic agriculture, irrigation and water resources and halal industry.[16]

 BurmaSeptember 29, 1956[17]
 CambodiaAugust 1957[18]
Main article: Cambodia–Philippines relations
 ChinaJune 9, 1975
Main article: China–Philippines relations
See also: Hong Kong–Philippines relations
 East TimorMay 20, 2002[19]
Main article: East Timor–Philippines relations
 IndiaNovember 26, 1949[20]
Main article: India–Philippines relations
 IndonesiaNovember 24, 1949[21]
Main article: Indonesia–Philippines relations
 IranJanuary 22, 1964[22]
Main article: Iran–Philippines relations
 IraqJanuary 12, 1975
Main article: Iraq–Philippines relations
 IsraelFebruary 26, 1958[23]
Main article: Israel–Philippines relations

The Philippines voted in favor of UN Resolution 181 concerning the partition of Palestine and the Creation of the State of Israel in 1947. The Philippines was among the 33 countries who supported the creation of Israel and the only Asian country who voted for the resolution.[24]

 JapanJuly 1943
Main article: Japan–Philippines relations
 JordanMarch 1, 1976[25]

The Philippines and Jordan agreed to establish formal diplomatic relations and to exchange ambassadors on March 1, 1976.[25]

 KazakhstanMarch 19, 1992[10]

Diplomatic relations between Kazakhstan and the Philippines were formally established on March 19, 1992. The Philippines maintains relations with Kazakhstan through its embassy in Moscow in Russia. Kazakhstan has an honorary consulate in Manila.[26][27]

Trade between Kazakhstan and the Philippines amounted to 7.3 million during January to November 2010. In 2009, about 1,500 Kazakh tourists visited the Philippines. As of 2009, there are about 7,000 Overseas Filipino Workers are working in Western Kazakhstan, mostly in the oil and gas sector. Kazakhstan is attracting Philippine companies to invest in the country.[28]

On 2011, Kazakhstan was planning to put up a Kazakhstan house in the Philippines either in the Bonifacio Global City or Makati to showcase Kazakh products and promote its tourist destinations. There were also plans to put up a Philippine House in Kazakhstan for the same purpose and there were also plans to put Filipino art exhibits in Kazakhstan.[29]

Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev, and his 27 delegates arrived in the Philippines for a three-day state visit on November 10, 2003 at the Villamor Airbase in Pasay City. The Kazakh officials met with their Filipino counterparts and conducted meetings. Former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo met with Nazarbayev to finalize the Philippine's intent to import oil and coal from Kazakhstan and discussed possible infrastructure projects in the Central Asian country.[26]

The Philippines also supported Kazakhstan bid to become a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum on security.[28]

 Kuwait
 KyrgyzstanApril 24, 1992[10]
 LaosJanuary 14, 1955[30]
Main article: Laos–Philippines relations
 Lebanon
 Malaysia1959
Main article: Malaysia–Philippines relations
 Maldives1975[31]
 MongoliaOctober 11, 1973[32]
Main article: Mongolia–Philippines relations
   NepalFebruary 12, 1960

The Philippines and Nepal established diplomatic relations on February 12, 1960. Both countries are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. There are about 300 Filipinos living in Nepal, who were either missionaries, professionals, skilled workers, volunteers or spouses of Nepalese or other nationals as of March 2011. Approximately 500 Nepalese students are studying in the Philippines for their higher-level education.[33][34]

 North KoreaJuly 12, 2000[35]
Main article: North Korea–Philippines relations
 OmanOctober 6, 1980
Main article: Oman–Philippines relations
 PakistanSeptember 8, 1949[36]
Main article: Pakistan–Philippines relations
 PalestineThe Philippines was among the 138 countries that voted in favor of the United Nations resolution recognizing Palestine as a non-member state.[37]
 QatarApril 12, 1975
Main article: Philippines–Qatar relations
 RussiaJune 2, 1976
Main article: Philippines–Russia relations
 Saudi ArabiaSeptember 24, 1969
Main article: Philippines–Saudi Arabia relations
 Singapore
Main article: Philippines–Singapore relations
 South KoreaMarch 3, 1949
Main article: Philippines–South Korea relations

The Philippines was the fifth state to recognize the Republic of Korea and the first ASEAN country to establish relations with South Korea.[38][39]

 Sri LankaJanuary 10, 1961[40][41]
Main article: Philippines–Sri Lanka relations
 SyriaSeptember 4, 1946[42]The Republic of the Philippines formally established diplomatic relations with the Syrian Arab Republic on September 4, 1946. The Philippines has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an consulate in Manila.
 ThailandJune 14, 1949[43]
Main article: Philippines–Thailand relations
 TaiwanN/A
Main article: Philippines–Taiwan relations

The Philippines recognize the One-China policy but has informal relations to the Republic of China (ROC, also known as Taiwan) through the Manila Economic and Cultural Office in Taipei and Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Manila.

 TajikistanMarch 25, 1992[10]
 United Arab EmiratesJune 17, 1980
Main article: Philippines–United Arab Emirates relations
 UzbekistanApril 13, 1992[10]

First round of political consultations were held in Tashkent on March 3, 2011 between the Philippines and Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan expressed support for the Philippines bid to gain observer status in the OIC and hopes for the resolution of the Muslim insurgency mainly affecting the southern part of the Philippines. The Philippines highlighted untapped potentials, despite remote geographical position, for developing trade-economic cooperation and expanding interactions between financial institutions.[44]

 VietnamJuly 12, 1976
Main article: Philippines–Vietnam relations
 YemenMay 4, 1977[45]

In 2011, there were about 1,600 Filipinos working in Yemen with about a thousand of them staying in the Yemeni capital of Sana'a. The majority of them work in the health and petroleum industry. Yemen supports the Philippines' observer status bid to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and a peaceful resolution to the Islamic insurgency in the Philippines.[46]

Africa
Country Formal relations began Notes
 AngolaSeptember 14, 2001[47]
 BeninJanuary 2, 2000[48]
 Burkina FasoOctober 10, 2002[49]
 Cameroon
 Cape VerdeMarch 21, 2000[50]
 Republic of the CongoJanuary 19, 2000[51]
 Democratic Republic of the CongoJanuary 8, 2000[52]
 DjiboutiFebruary 25, 1998[53]
 EgyptJanuary 18, 1955[54]
Main article: Egypt–Philippines relations
 Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea supported the Philippines's bid for a non-permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council.[55]

Both the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea were former Spanish colonies. There are about 4,000 Filipino workers in Equatorial Guinea. There has been cordial ties especially in the fields of trade and investments, agriculture, education, cultural and technical cooperation. The Philippines is interested in partnering with Equatorial Guinean entities to conduct oil exploration and the possibility of importing oil from Equatorial Guinea. The Philippines is also interested in developing infrastructure for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery. He likewise expressed Philippine interest in developing facilities for seaports to improve cargo handling and delivery.[56]

 Ethiopia2013

The Philippines and Ethiopia signed their first air agreement in 2014.[57]

 GhanaMarch 5, 1957[58]

The Republic of Ghana has opened its consulate in the Philippines to extend and render assistance to Ghanaians and help maintain relations between the two countries.[59]

 GambiaJune 26, 1996[60]
 Guinea
 Guinea-BissauOctober 26, 1976[45]
 Ivory CoastMarch 21, 1995[61]

There were some 100 Filipinos in Côte d'Ivoire, mostly professional and skilled workers and some permanent residents, and the Philippine government had repatriated 10 Filipinos after tensions in the country started following the second round of the 2010 presidential elections.[62]

 Kenya1967[63]
Main article: Kenya–Philippines relations
 LesothoApril 15, 1998[64]
 LibyaNovember 17, 1976
Main article: Libya–Philippines relations
 Madagascar2014
 MauritaniaSeptember 30, 2013[65]
 MalawiMay 3, 2001[66]
 MoroccoDecember 27, 1975[45]
Main article: Morocco–Philippines relations
 MozambiqueMarch 27, 1997[67]
 Nigeria1962
Main article: Nigeria–Philippines relations
 São Tomé and PríncipeNovember 8, 2000[68]
 SenegalMarch 15, 1976[45]
 Sierra Leone1991

Sierra Leone and the Philippines have pledged to strengthen bilateral relations to the mutual benefit of both countries. The two countries, vow to work further to expand their relations in the socio-economic, political and cultural fields.[69]

 Somalia
 South AfricaNovember 1, 1993
Main article: Philippines–South Africa relations
 South SudanMarch 13, 2013[70]
Main article: Philippines–South Sudan relations

The Philippines officially recognized South Sudan as a sovereign and independent state soon after South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011.[70]

 SudanMarch 6, 1976[71]
 Tanzania
 TogoAugust 24, 2000
 TunisiaDecember 12, 1975[45]
 ZambiaFebruary 26, 1965[72]

Americas
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Antigua and BarbudaJuly 16, 2010[73]
 Argentina1948
Main article: Argentina–Philippines relations
 BoliviaJanuary 6, 1970[74]

Bolivia and Philippines were both Spanish colonies, diplomatic relations between the two countries began in 1970. The Philippine Embassy in Buenos Aires exercised jurisdiction over Bolivia. Furthermore, the Embassy of Bolivia in Tokyo has jurisdiction over the Philippines, while the Philippine Embassy in Santiago, Chile, has jurisdiction over Bolivia. It also has two honorary consulates in Bolivia in the cities of La Paz and Santa Cruz de la Sierra. There are about 15 Filipinos in Bolivia most of them are religious missionaries and others are married with Bolivians.[75]

 BrazilJuly 4, 1946
Main article: Brazil–Philippines relations
 Bahamas1976[76]
 BarbadosJune 22, 2009

Barbados established formal relations with the Philippines with the signing of a Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations in New York on June 22, 2009. The establishment of relations was proposed by Barbados the year before through the Philippines' embassy in Caracas in Venezuela.[77]

With the closure of the Philippine Embassy in Caracas in 2012, jurisdiction was transferred to the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C.

 BelizeApril 19, 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 19, 1993.[78]

 Canada1949
Main article: Canada–Philippines relations
 ChileJuly 4, 1946
Main article: Chile–Philippines relations
 ColombiaJuly 5, 1946[79]
 CubaSeptember 3, 1952[80]
Main article: Cuba–Philippines relations
 DominicaMay 3, 2011[81]
 Grenada
 GuyanaSeptember 25, 2008[82][83]
 JamaicaMay 28, 1980[45]
 MexicoApril 14, 1953
Main article: Mexico–Philippines relations
 PeruNovember 30, 1974[45]
 Saint Kitts and NevisAugust 11, 2000[84]
 Saint LuciaMarch 29, 2016[85]
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesOctober 11, 2000[86]
 Trinidad and TobagoApril 18, 2000[87]
 United StatesJuly 4, 1946
Main article: Philippines–United States relations
 VenezuelaAugust 27, 1968
Main article: Philippines–Venezuela relations

Europe
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Albania
 AndorraFebruary 22, 2000[88]
 ArmeniaMay 20, 1992[10]
Main article: Armenia–Philippines relations
  • The Philippines and Armenia established bilateral relations in 1992.
  • Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan visited the Philippines in 2012, the highest government official of Armenia to ever visit the Philippines.[89]
  • Armenia has an ambassador resident in Hanoi.[90]
  • The Philippines has an ambassador resident in Moscow.[90]
 Austria1993
Main article: Austria–Philippines relations
 BelarusMay 22, 1996[91]
 Belgium2009
Main article: Belgium–Philippines relations
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaJanuary 12, 2001[92]
 CroatiaFebruary 25, 1993
Main article: Croatia–Philippines relations
 Czech Republic1973
Main article: Czech Republic–Philippines relations
 CyprusMarch 6, 1980[93]
 DenmarkSeptember 28, 1946
Main article: Denmark–Philippines relations
 EstoniaSeptember 17, 1991[94]
 FinlandJuly 14, 1955

The Philippines and Finland share bilateral diplomatic relations established in July 14, 1955. The Philippines had an embassy in Helsinki, closed in 2012 due to a restructuring of the DFA's budget. Finland has an embassy in Manila. The Embassy in Manila is also the Finland's representative in some Pacific Island nations such as Palau, Micronesia and Marshall Islands.

 FranceJune 26, 1947
Main article: France–Philippines relations
 GermanyApril 25, 1955
Main article: Germany–Philippines relations
 GeorgiaSeptember 21, 1992[10]
 Greece1947
Main article: Greece–Philippines relations
  Holy SeeApril 9, 1951
Main article: Holy See–Philippines relations
 Hungary1976
 IcelandFebruary 24, 1999
Main article: Iceland–Philippines relations
 Ireland1984
Main article: Ireland–Philippines relations
 ItalyJuly 9, 1947[95]
Main article: Italy–Philippines relations
 LatviaDecember 17, 1991[96]
 LiechtensteinNovember 24, 1995[97]
 Lithuania2014
 Malta
 Montenegro
 Netherlands
Main article: Netherlands–Philippines relations
 NorwayMarch 2, 1948
Main article: Norway–Philippines relations
 PolandSeptember 22, 1973[45]
Main article: Philippines–Poland relations
 Portugal2003
 RomaniaApril 12, 1975
Main article: Philippines–Romania relations
 San MarinoApril 3, 2003[98]
 SerbiaFebruary 28, 1972[99]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1972.[100]
  • A number of bilateral agreements in various fields have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[101]
 Slovenia
 SpainSeptember 27, 1947
Main article: Philippines–Spain relations
 Sweden1947
Main article: Philippines–Sweden relations

Diplomatic relations between the Philippines and Sweden were established in 1947, and have steadily intensified during the years. Sweden has long been a development partner of the Philippines. Sweden's cooperation with the Philippines focuses on issues concerning the environment, human rights, good governance, training, and assistance to non-government organizations (NGOs).

  SwitzerlandAugust 30, 1956
Main article: Philippines–Switzerland relations
 TurkeyJune 13, 1949[102]
Main article: Philippines–Turkey relations
 UkraineApril 7, 1992[10]
Main article: Philippines–Ukraine relations
 United KingdomJuly 4, 1946
Main article: Philippines–United Kingdom relations

Oceania
Country Formal relations began Notes
 AustraliaMay 22, 1946
Main article: Australia–Philippines relations
 Cook IslandsDecember 12, 2011[103]
 Fiji1973[104]
 Micronesia[105]January 9, 1989
 Nauru[106]February 19, 1968
Main article: Nauru–Philippines relations
 New Zealand
Main article: New Zealand–Philippines relations
 PalauJuly 15, 1997
Main article: Palau–Philippines relations
 Papua New Guinea
Main article: Papua New Guinea–Philippines relations
 Samoa1981[107]
 Solomon IslandsSeptember 27, 2004[108]
 Vanuatu2015

Relations with former states
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 South Vietnam
Main article: Philippines–South Vietnam relations

The Philippines recognized South Vietnam on July 1955. The Philippines sent troops to aid them in the Vietnam War.[109][110] The Philippine embassy in Saigon ceased operations on April 29, 1975

 South YemenOctober 21, 1977[45]
 YugoslaviaMarch 1, 1972[45]
 Soviet Union
Main article: Philippines–Soviet Union relations

Multilateral relations
Organizations Formal Relations Began Notes
 Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8, 1967 in Bangkok, with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration together with Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. The Philippines was one of the Founding nations.

 European Union2013
Main article: Philippines–European Union relations

The European Union and the Philippines shares diplomatic, economic, cultural and political relations. The European Union has provided €3 million to the Philippines to fight poverty and €6 million for counter-terrorism against terrorist groups in the Southern Philippines. The European Union is also the third largest trading partner of the Philippines. There are at least 31,961 Europeans (not including Spaniards) living in the Philippines.

 United NationsOctober 24, 1945
Main article: Philippines and the United Nations

When the Philippines joined signing the United Nations Charter in San Francisco, United States. This partnership has progressed since then into a number of development initiatives, activities and programs. Technical, financial and other forms of assistance to the Philippines began in the late 1940, as the country recovered from the ravages of World War II. The partnership between the United Nations and the Philippines began in 1945.

Issues
See also: Territories claimed by the Philippines

See also

References
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