Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas

Listed here are notable Indigenous peoples of the Americas by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the fourth column (n) is the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.

GroupLanguagePlacenCQR1OthersReference
Algonquian[nb 1] Algic Northeast North America 155 7.7 33.5 [1] 38.1 20.6 Bolnick 2006[2]
Apache Na-Dené SW United States 96 14.6 78.1 5.2 2.1 Zegura 2004[3]
Athabaskan[nb 2] Na-Dené Western North America 243 11.5 70.4 18.1 Malhi 2008[4]
Cherokee Macro-Siouan SE United States 62 1.6 50.0 [5] 37.1 11.3 Bolnick 2006[2]
Cherokee Iroquoian Eastern North America 30 0 50.0 46.7 3.3 Malhi 2008[4]
Cheyenne Algic United States 44 16 61 16 7 Zegura 2004[3]
Chibchan[nb 3] Macro-Chibchan Panama 26 0 100 0 0 Zegura 2004[3]
Chipewyan Na-Dené Canada 48 6 31 [6] 0 P-M45* 62.5% Bortoloni 2003[7]
Chippewa Algic Eastern North America 97 4.1 15.9 [8] 50.5 29.9 Bolnick 2006[2]
Dogrib Na-Dené Canada 15 33 27 40 0 Malhi 2008[4]
Dogrib Na-Dené Canada 37 35.1 45.9 [9] 8.1 10.8 Dulik 2012[10]

Gê[nb 4]

 Macro-Jê Brazil 51 0 92 [11] 8 0 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Guaraní Tupian Paraguay 59 0 86 [12] 9 5 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Inga Quechua Colombia 11 0 78 [13] 11 11 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Inuit Eskimo–Aleut North American Arctic 60 0 80.0 11.7 8.3 Zegura 2004[3]
Inuvialuit Eskimo–Aleut Canada 56 1.8 55.1 [14] 33.9 8.9 Dulik 2012[10]

Maya

 Mayan Mesoamerica 71 0   87.3   12.7 0 Zegura 2004[3]
Mixe Mixe–Zoque Mexico 12 0 100 0 0 Zegura 2004[3]
Mixtec Oto-Manguean Mexico 28 0 93 7 0 Zegura 2004[3]
Muskogean[nb 5] Muskogean SE United States 36   2.8   75 [15] 11.1 11.1 Bolnick 2006[2]
Nahua Uto-Aztecan Mexico 17 0 94 0 6 Malhi 2008[4]
Native Americans (United States) United States 398 9.0 58.1 22.2 10.7 Hammer 2005[16]
Navajo Na-Dené SW United States 78 1.3 92.3 2.6 3.8 Zegura 2004[3]
Native North Americans North America 530 6.0 77.2 12.5 4.3 Zegura 2004[3]
Papago Uto-Aztecan SE United States 13 0 61.5 38.5 0 Malhi 2008[4]
Seminole Muskogean Eastern North America 20 0 45.0 50.0 5.0 Malhi 2008[4]
Sioux Macro-Siouan Central North America 44 11 25 50 14 Zegura 2004[3]
South America Amerindian South America 390 0 92 [17] 4 4 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Tanana Na-Dené Northwest North America 12 42 42 8 8 Zegura 2004[3]
Ticuna Ticuna–Yuri West Amazon basin 33 0 100 [18] 0 0 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Tlingit Na-Dené Pacific Northwest 11 18 [19] 82 [20] 0 0 Dulik 2012[10]
Tupí–Guaraní[nb 6] Tupian Brazil 54 0 100 [21] 0 0 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Uto-Aztecan[nb 7] Uto-Aztecan Mexico, Arizona 167 0 93.4 6.0 Malhi 2008[4]
Warao Warao (isolate) Caribbean South America 12 0 100 [22] 0 0 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Wayúu Arawakan Guajira Peninsula 19 0 69 [23] 21 10 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Wayúu Arawakan Guajira Peninsula 25 8 36 44 12 Zegura 2004[3]
Yagua Peba–Yaguan Peru 7 0 100 [24] 0 0 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Yukpa Cariban Colombia 12 0 100 [25] 0 0 Bortoloni 2003[7]
Zapotec Oto-Manguean Mexico 16 0 75 6 19 Zegura 2004[3]
Zenú extinct Colombia 30 0 81 [26] 0 19 Bortoloni 2003[7]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Algonquian ethnic groups: Ojibwe, Cheyenne/Arapaho, Shawnee, Mi'kmaq, Kickapoo and Meskwaki.
  2. ↑ Athabaskan ethnic groups: Chipewyan, Tłı̨chǫ, Tanana, Apache and Navajo.
  3. ↑ Chibchan ethnic groups: Ngöbe and Kuna peoples.
  4. ↑ Gê ethnic groups: Gorotire, Kaigang, Kraho, Mekranoti and Xikrin.
  5. ↑ Muskogean ethnic groups: Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee and Seminole.
  6. ↑ Tupi–Guarani Brazilian ethnic groups: Asuriní, Parakanã, Ka'apor and Wayampi.
  7. ↑ Uto-Aztecan ethnic groups: Pima, Tohono O'odham, Tarahumara, Nahua, Cora and Huichol.

References

  1. ↑ Q-M3=12.9; Q(xM3)=20.6.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Bolnick, Deborah A. et al 2006, Asymmetric Male and Female Genetic Histories among Native Americans from Eastern North America
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Zegura, Stephen L. et al 2004, High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Malhi, Ripan Singh et al 2008, Distribution of Y Chromosomes Among Native North Americans: A Study of Athapaskan Population History
  5. ↑ Q-M3=32.; Q3(xM3)=17.7.
  6. ↑ Q-M3=6; Q(xM3)=25.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bortolini, Maria-Catira et al 2003, Y-Chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas
  8. ↑ Q-M3=8.2; Q(xM3)=7.2.
  9. ↑ Q-M3=40.5; Q(xM3)=5.4.
  10. 1 2 3 Matthew C. Dulik et al 2012, Y-chromosome analysis reveals genetic divergence and new founding native lineages in Athapaskan- and Eskimoan-speaking populations PNAS May 29, 2012 vol. 109 no. 22
  11. ↑ Q-M3=90; Q(xM3)=2)
  12. ↑ Q-M3=79; Q(xM3)=7.
  13. ↑ Q-M3=11; Q(xM3)=67.
  14. ↑ Q-M3=10.7; NWT01=44.6.
  15. ↑ Q-M3=50.0; Q(xM3)=25.0.
  16. ↑ Hammer, Michael F. et al 2005, Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases
  17. ↑ Q-M3=83; Q(xM3)=9.
  18. ↑ Q-M3=89; Q(xM3)=11.
  19. ↑ C3*=9; C3b=9
  20. ↑ Q-M3=64; Q-MEH2*=9; Q-NWT01=9.
  21. ↑ All examples of haplogroup Q were Q-M3.
  22. ↑ All examples of haplogroup Q were Q-M3.
  23. ↑ Q-M3=48; Q(xM3)=21.
  24. ↑ Q-M3=86<; Q(xM3)=14.
  25. ↑ All examples of haplogroup Q were Q-M3.
  26. ↑ Q-M3=33; Q(xM3)=48.

Further reading

  • Peter N. Jones (October 2002). American Indian Mtdna, Y Chromosome Genetic Data, and the Peopling of North America. Bauu Institute. ISBN 978-0-9721349-1-0.
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