Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East

Listed here are notable ethnic groups and populations from Western Asia, North Africa and South Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. (IE = Indo-European, AA = Afro-Asiatic) Some old studies conducted in the early 2000s regarded several haplogroups as one haplogrup, e.g. I, G and sometimes J were haplogroup 2, so conversion sometimes may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.

PopulationLanguage (if specified)nE(xE1b1b)E1b1bGI JLNR1aR1bTReference
Algerians 156 5.7 52.5 0 0 22.4 0 0 0.6 9.6 0 Bekada2013[1]
Arabs (Algeria) AA (Semitic) 35 0 54 0 0 35 0 0 0 13 0 Arredi2004[2]
Arabs (Algeria - Oran) AA (Semitic) 102 12.8 50.9 0 0 27.4 0 0 1 10.8 0 Robino2008[3]
Arabs (Bedouin) AA (Semitic) 32 0 18.7 0 6.3 65.6 0 0 9.4 0 0 Nebel2001[4]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 147 2.8 36.7 8.8 0.7 32 0 0 2.7 4.1 8.2 Luis2004[5]
Arabs (Iraq) AA (Semitic) 0.9 8.3 0 0 50.6 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[6]
Arabs (Jordan) AA (Semitic) 146 0 26 4.1 3.4 43.8 0 0 1.4 17.8 0 AbuAmero2009[7]
Arabs (Jordan- Dead Sea) AA (Semitic) 0 31 0 0 9 0 0 0 40 0 Flores2005[8]
Arabs (Kuwait - Bedouin) AA (Semitic) 148 0.6 6 3.4 0 84 0 0 6.7 1.3 0 Mohammad2010[9]
Arabs (Libya) AA (Semitic) 63 0 52 8 1.5 24 1.5 0 1.5 3 5 Immel2006[10]
Arabs (Morocco) AA (Semitic) 49 0 75.5 0 0 20.4 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[6]
Arabs (Oman) AA (Semitic) 121 7.4 15.7 1.7 0 47.9 0.8 0 9.1 1.7 8.3 Luis2004[5]
Arabs (Palestine) AA (Semitic) 143 0 20.3 7 6.3 55.2 0 0 1.4 8.4 1.4 Nebel2001[4]
Arabs (Qatar) AA (Semitic) 72 2.8 5.6 2.8 0 66.7 2.8 0 6.9 1.4 0 Cadenas2008[11]
Arabs (Saudi Arabia) AA (Semitic) 157 7.6 7.6 3.2 0 58 1.9 0 5.1 1.9 5.1 AbuAmero2009[7]
Arabs (Syria) AA (Semitic) 20 0 10 0 5 30 0 0 10 15 0 Semino2000[12]
Arabs (Sudan) AA (Semitic) 102 0 16.7 0 3.9 47.1 0 0 0 15.7 0 Hassan2008[13]
Arabs (Tunisia) AA (Semitic) 148 1.4 49.3 0 0 35.8 0 0 0 6.8 0.7 Arredi2004[2]
Arabs (UAE) AA (Semitic) 164 5.5 11.6 4.3 0 45.1 3 0 7.3 4.3 4.9 Cadenas2008[11]
Arabs (Yemen) AA (Semitic) 62 3.2 12.9 1.6 0 82.3 0 0 0 0 0 Cadenas2008[11]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 89 0 3.4 0 0 29.2 0 3.4 5.6 24.7 0 Rosser2000[14]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 100 0 6 11 5 24 0 0 6 19 0 Nasidze2004[15]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 734 0 5.4 0 0 0 1.6 0 5.3 32.4 0 Weale2001[16]
Ashkenazi Jews IE (Germanic) 79 0 22.8 3.8 6.3 43 0 0 12.7 11.4 0 Nebel2001[4]
Ashkenazi Jews IE (Germanic) 442 0.2 19.7 9.7 4.1 38 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 Behar2004[17]
Assyrians (Iran) AA (Semitic) 48 0 4.2 8.3 0 29.2 0 0 8.3 29.2 8.3 Grugni 2012[18]
Azerbaijanis Turkic 72 0 6 18 3 31 0 0 7 11 0 Nasidze2004[15]
Azerbaijanis Turkic 97 0 4.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Baloch IE (Iranian, NW) 25 0 8 0 0 16 24 0 28 8 0 Sengupta2006[20]
Berbers (Northern Tunisia) AA (Berber) 32 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fadhlaoui-Zid2011[21]
Berbers (Southern Tunisia) AA (Berber) 27 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fadhlaoui-Zid2011[21]
Berbers (Moyen Atlas) AA (Berber) 69 0 87.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Berbers (Marrakesh) AA (Berber) 29 0 92.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Berbers (Mozabite) AA (Berber) 20 0 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Berbers (Morocco) AA (Berber) 64 4.7 79.6 0 0 6.3 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[6]
Berbers (north-central Morocco) AA (Berber) 63 9.5 74.6 0 0 3.2 0 0 0 0 0 Bosch2001[22]
Berbers (southern Morocco) AA (Berber) 40 2.5 85 0 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 Bosch2001[22]
Copts (Sudan) AA (Semitic) 33 0 21.2 0 0 45.5 0 0 0 15.2 0 Hassan2008[13]
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 0 Rosser2000[14]
Druze AA (Semitic) 28 0 14.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Egyptians 370 2.9 43.7 5.6 0.5 25.4 0.8 0 2.1 5.9 6.2 Bekada2013[1]
Egyptians AA (Semitic) 92 3.3 43.5 2.2 1.1 22.8 0 0 0 5.4 7.6 Wood2005[23]
Egyptians AA (Semitic) 147 2 36 9 1 31 0 0 3 2 8 AbuAmero2009[7]
Egyptians (North) AA (Semitic) 43 0 53.5 7 0 18.2 0 0 2.3 9.3 2.3 Zalloua2008[24]
Egyptians (South) AA (Semitic) 29 0 31 17.2 3.4 24.1 0 0 0 13.8 10.3 Zalloua2008[24]
Georgians Caucasian (South) 63 0 0 30.1 0 36.5 1.6 0 7.9 14.3 1.6 Semino2000[12]
Georgians Caucasian (South) 66 0 3 31.8 1.5 36.4 1.5 0 10.6 9.1 1.5 Battaglia2008[25]
Iranians (North Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 33 0 0 15.2 0 33.3 3 6.1 6.1 15.2 0 Regueiro2006[26]
Iranians (South Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 117 1.7 5.1 12.8 0 35 6 0.9 16.2 6 3.4 Regueiro2006[26]
Iranians IE (Iranian, West) 130 0 4.6 5.4 24.6 13.8 0 0 19.2 4.6 0 Nasidze2004[15]
Iranians IE 938 1.8 7 11.7 0.5 31.4 5 0.1 14.3 10.1 3.4 Grugni 2012[18]
Iraqis 203 1 10.8 2.5 0.5 57.6 1 1 6.9 10.8 5.9 Abu A. 2009[7]
Kurdish Jews IE (Iranian, NW) 95 0 12.1 19.2 6.1 37.4 1 0 4 20.2 0 Nebel2001[4]
Kurds (Muslim)(Northern Iraq) IE (Iranian, NW) 95 0 7.4 4.2 16.8 40 3.2 0 11.6 16.8 0 Nebel2001[4]
Lebanese AA (Semitic) 916 0.7 16.2 6.5 4.8 46 5.2 0 2.5 8.1 4.7 AbuAmero2009[7]
Lebanese AA (Semitic) 31 0 25.8 3.2 3.2 45.2 3.2 0 9.7 6.4 0 Semino2000[12]
Libyans 89 38.5 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 Bekada2013[1]
Moroccans 760 6 79 0.6 0.1 7.6 0 0 0 4.4 0 Bekada2013[1]
Nubians (Sudan) Nilo-Saharan (Eastern Sudanic) 39 0 23.1 0 5.1 43.6 0 0 0 10.3 0 Hassan2008[13]
Palestinians (Palestine) AA (Semitic) 44 0 31.8 11.3 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 Fernandes2011[27]
Sahrawi (Morocco-Mauretania) 189 12.7 66.6 0 0 13.2 0 0 0 7.4 0 Bekada2013[1]
Sahrawi (Morocco) 29 3.4 79.3 0 0 17.2 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[6]
Sephardic Jews IE (Italic) 78 0 19.2 7.7 11.5 28.2 0 0 3.9 29.5 0 Nebel2001[4]
Soqotri AA (Semitic) 63 0 9 [28] 0 0 85.7 0 0 1.6 0 0 Cerny2009[29]
Tunisians 601 1.1 70.5 0.1 0.1 17.9 0 0 0.5 2.1 1.1 Bekada2013[1]
Turks Turkic 523 0.2 11.3 10.9 5.4 33.3 [30] 4.2 3.8 6.9 16.1 2.5 Cinnioglu2004[31]
Turks Turkic 741 0 0 0 5.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rootsi2004[32]
Turks Turkic 167 0 10.2 0 0 32.9 0 2.4 4.8 20.4 0 Rosser2000[14]
Turks Turkic 59 0 13.6 8.5 6.8 30.5 0 0 11.9 20.3 1.7 Sanchez2005[33]
Turks (Central Anatolia) Turkic 61 0 6.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pericic2005[34]
Turks (Istanbul) Turkic 0 13 0 0 24.7 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[6]
Turks (Konya) Turkic 0 14.5 0 0 31.8 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[6]
Turks (Cypriot) Turkic 46 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Turks (Southeastern) Turkic 24 0 4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]
Turks (Erzurum) Turkic 25 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[19]

See also

References

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  8. ↑ Flores C, Maca-Meyer N, Larruga JM, Cabrera VM, Karadsheh N, Gonzalez AM (2005). "Isolates in a corridor of migrations: a high-resolution analysis of Y-chromosome variation in Jordan". Journal of Human Genetics. 50 (9): 435–41. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0274-4. PMID 16142507.
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  10. ↑ Immel, U.-D.; Erhuma, M.; Mustafa, T.; Kleiber, M.; Klintschar, M. (2006). "Population genetic analysis in a Libyan population using the PowerPlex 16 system". International Congress Series. 1288: 421–3. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2005.08.036.
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  13. 1 2 3 Hassan HY, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Ibrahim ME (November 2008). "Y-chromosome variation among Sudanese: restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137 (3): 316–23. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20876. PMID 18618658.
  14. 1 2 3 Rosser ZH, Zerjal T, Hurles ME, Adojaan M, Alavantic D, Amorim A, et al. (December 2000). "Y-chromosomal diversity in Europe is clinal and influenced primarily by geography, rather than by language". American Journal of Human Genetics. 67 (6): 1526–43. doi:10.1086/316890. PMC 1287948. PMID 11078479.
  15. 1 2 3 Nasidze I, Ling EY, Quinque D, Dupanloup I, Cordaux R, Rychkov S, et al. (May 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome variation in the caucasus". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (Pt 3): 205–21. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x. PMID 15180701.
  16. ↑ Weale ME, Yepiskoposyan L, Jager RF, Hovhannisyan N, Khudoyan A, Burbage-Hall O, et al. (December 2001). "Armenian Y chromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional structure within a single ethno-national group". Human Genetics. 109 (6): 659–74. doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0627-9. PMID 11810279.
  17. ↑ Behar DM, Garrigan D, Kaplan ME, Mobasher Z, Rosengarten D, Karafet TM, et al. (March 2004). "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations". Human Genetics. 114 (4): 354–65. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7. PMID 14740294.
  18. 1 2 Grugni, Viola et al 2012, Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians PLOS One 7(7): e41252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041252
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cruciani F, La Fratta R, Santolamazza P, Sellitto D, Pascone R, Moral P, et al. (May 2004). "Phylogeographic analysis of haplogroup E3b (E-M215) y chromosomes reveals multiple migratory events within and out of Africa". American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1014–22. doi:10.1086/386294. PMC 1181964. PMID 15042509.
  20. ↑ Sengupta S, Zhivotovsky LA, King R, Mehdi SQ, Edmonds CA, Chow CE, et al. (February 2006). "Polarity and temporality of high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists". American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  21. 1 2 Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Martinez-Cruz B, Khodjet-el-khil H, Mendizabal I, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Comas D (October 2011). "Genetic structure of Tunisian ethnic groups revealed by paternal lineages". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 146 (2): 271–80. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21581. PMID 21915847.
  22. 1 2 Bosch E, Calafell F, Comas D, Oefner PJ, Underhill PA, Bertranpetit J (April 2001). "High-resolution analysis of human Y-chromosome variation shows a sharp discontinuity and limited gene flow between northwestern Africa and the Iberian Peninsula". American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (4): 1019–29. doi:10.1086/319521. PMC 1275654. PMID 11254456.
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  24. 1 2 Zalloua PA, Platt DE, El Sibai M, Khalife J, Makhoul N, Haber M, et al. (November 2008). "Identifying genetic traces of historical expansions: Phoenician footprints in the Mediterranean". American Journal of Human Genetics. 83 (5): 633–42. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.012. PMC 2668035. PMID 18976729.
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  26. 1 2 Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Gayden T, Underhill PA, Herrera RJ (2006). "Iran: tricontinental nexus for Y-chromosome driven migration". Human Heredity. 61 (3): 132–43. doi:10.1159/000093774. PMID 16770078.
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  28. ↑ May include other clades of Haplogroup E.
  29. ↑ Cerný V, Pereira L, Kujanová M, Vasíková A, Hájek M, Morris M, et al. (April 2009). "Out of Arabia-the settlement of island Soqotra as revealed by mitochondrial and Y chromosome genetic diversity". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 138 (4): 439–47. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20960. PMID 19012329.
  30. ↑ Haplogroup J1 = 9.0; Haplogroup J2 = 24.3.
  31. ↑ Cinnioğlu C, King R, Kivisild T, Kalfoğlu E, Atasoy S, Cavalleri GL, et al. (January 2004). "Excavating Y-chromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia". Human Genetics. 114 (2): 127–48. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1031-4. PMID 14586639.
  32. ↑ Rootsi S, Magri C, Kivisild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, et al. (July 2004). "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (1): 128–37. doi:10.1086/422196. PMC 1181996. PMID 15162323.
  33. ↑ Sanchez JJ, Hallenberg C, Børsting C, Hernandez A, Morling N (July 2005). "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 856–66. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390. PMID 15756297.
  34. ↑ Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, Rootsi S, Janićijevic B, Rudan I, et al. (October 2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443.
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