Strabane

Early History

The locale was home to a group of northern Celts known as the Orighella as far back as the fourth century when the territories of Own [later Tyrone] and Connail [later Tirconnel, then Donegal] were established, and Orighella were assimilated into the Cineal Owen. With the arrival of St. Patrick, a mission established a church in the area near Castlefin, and having visited the Grianán Aileach for the conversion of Owen, returned along the Foyle river, establishing a further church at Leckpatrick [the name means 'the flagstone of St.Patrick']. A later church was established at Lifford/Clonleigh by a mission headed by St. Colmcille. In AD586 St. Colgan established a monestary at Camus [from whence the parish of Camus-Juxta-Mourne gets its name]. Other monasteries and religious sites were established at this time at Urney, Ballycolman, Donagheady, and Artigarvan^[3].

The Middle Ages

Vikings arrived at Lifford in AD832 and maintained a pressence on the Foyle until AD863 when they were expelled by Aedh Finnliath. The regional seat of power was to be the Grianán Aileach until 1101, when it as destroyed by the O'Briens of Thomond, and was then move to Urney, three miles outside Strabane. In 1243, the seat of power for all Tyrone and the O'Neill dynasty was moved to Cookstown. It was during this epoch, in AD1231, that Franciscan friars established a religious foundation on what is now the old graveyard at St. Patrick's street, Strabane^[4]..

Seventeenth century

The town was settled by Scottish families in the 1600s, an action that preceded the Plantation of Ulster. In 1608, during O'Doherty's Rebellion, most of the inhabitants fled to the safety of Lifford following Sir Cahir O'Doherty's Burning of Derry, as it was feared that Strabane would be his next target.

Recent history

In the late 20th century, during the height of The Troubles, Strabane garnered the dubious distinction of the highest unemployment rate in the industrial world. It is one of the most economically deprived towns in the United Kingdom. Huge economic damage occurred when much of the town centre flooded in 1987.^[5]

In August 2005, a Channel 4 television programme presented by property experts Kirstie Allsopp and Phil Spencer named Strabane the eighth-worst place to live in the UK, largely owing to unemployment.^[6] Strabane had been moved out of the top 20 in the 2007 edition.^[7]

As a result, the Strabane Community Unemployed Group,^[8] headquartered in 13a Newtown Street (BT82 8DN), was founded to find solutions to long-term unemployment and combat the causes for unemployment. Sister Mary Carmel Fanning, a retired Catholic girls school principal who had been awarded the MBE for her services to education in 1997,^[9] became a director of the Group the following year.

The Troubles

Main Street, Strabane

Strabane suffered extensive damage during the Troubles, from the early 1970s and continuing throughout much of the 1990s, with bombings and shootings commonplace; Irish Republican paramilitary groups, mainly the Provisional Irish Republican Army, regularly attacked the town's British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) bases. Strabane was once the most bombed town in Europe in proportion to its size, and was the most bombed town in Northern Ireland.

Many civilians and members of the security forces were killed or injured in the area over the course of the Troubles. Many British Army regiments from England, Scotland and Wales served in Strabane at various times during the Troubles in the Barracks at the locally named "Camel's hump". As a result of the Good Friday Agreement, there is no longer any British Army presence in the town. Strabane became involved in the Ulster Project International, sending Catholic and Protestant teenagers to the United States for prejudice-reduction work.^[10]

Railways

The Lifford Bridge, linking Lifford in the Republic and Strabane in the North

Abercorn Square, Strabane

The Irish gauge 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway (L&ER) reached Strabane in 1847,^[11] Omagh in 1852^[12] and Enniskillen in 1854.^[12] The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) took over the L&ER in 1883.^[13]

The Finn Valley Railway (FV) opened from Strabane to Stranorlar in 1863.^[12][14] The FV was originally Irish gauge but in 1892 it merged with the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge West Donegal Railway (WD) to form the Donegal Railway^[15] and was reduced to the same narrow gauge for through running. The Donegal Railway opened its own line to Derry in 1900.^[11] In 1906 the GNR and Northern Counties Committee jointly took over the Donegal Railway, making it the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee.^[15] The 3 ft (914 mm) gauge Strabane and Letterkenny Railway opened in 1909^[11] and was worked by the Joint Committee.^[15] The narrow gauge lines made Strabane one of the most important railway connections for County Donegal.

The partition of Ireland in 1922 turned the boundary with County Donegal into an international frontier. This changed trade patterns to the railways' detriment and placed border posts on the Joint Committee's FV and S&L lines and on the GNR line to Derry.^[11] Stops for customs inspections greatly delayed trains and disrupted timekeeping. Over the next few years customs agreements between the two states enabled GNR trains between Strabane and Derry to pass through the Free State without inspection unless they were scheduled to serve local stations on the west bank of the Foyle, and for goods on all railways to be carried between different parts of the Free State to pass through Northern Ireland under customs bond. The Joint Committee's Strabane-Derry line was closed in 1954, followed by the remainder of the narrow gauge system in 1960.^[16] In 1958 the Ulster Transport Authority took over the remaining GNR lines on the Northern Ireland side of the border. In accordance with The Benson Report submitted to the Northern Ireland Government in 1963, the UTA closed the former GNR line through Strabane to Derry in 1965.^[16][17]

Little trace remains of Strabane's railways except for one old railway building that survives in the town. The nearest railway is operated by Northern Ireland Railways and runs from Londonderry railway station via Coleraine to Belfast Central railway station and Belfast Great Victoria Street railway station. The strategically important Belfast-Derry railway line is to be upgraded to facilitate more frequent trains and improvements to the permanent way such as track and signalling to enable faster services.

Canal

In 1792, the 4 miles (6.4 km) Strabane Canal was built from the tidal waters of Lough Foyle at Leck, to Strabane. It fell into disuse in 1962. In June 2006 the Strabane Lifford Development Commission awarded a £1.3m cross-border waterways restoration contract. The project was launched by President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, in Lifford and involves the restoration of 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of canal and two locks to working order. Work was due to start on the Lough Foyle side of the canal in the summer of 2006. This work was begun but was done to a very poor standard to the extent that the water in the canal is now very dangerous. It was reported in the Strabane Weekly News that a dog went into the canal but fell ill and died as a consequence.

2011 Census

On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 13,172 people living in Strabane (5,123 households), accounting for 0.73% of the NI total.^[19] Of these:

• 23.00% were aged under 16 years and 13.19% were aged 65 and over;
• 52.32% of the usually resident population were female and 47.68% were male;
• 91.57% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 7.22% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion;
• 56.03% had an Irish national identity, 33.54% had a Northern Irish national identity and 12.03% indicated that they had a British national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity);
• 36 years was the average (median) age of the population;
• 17.43% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaelic) and 3.49% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots.

2001 Census

On Census day, 29 April 2001, there were 13,456 people living in Strabane. Of these:

• 99.3% classed their ethnic group as white
• 93.3% were from a Catholic background and 6.1% were from a Protestant background
• 5.7% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed, of these 43.1% were long-term unemployed.
• 15.6% of people aged 16–59 were claiming incapacity benefit
• 27.6% were aged under 16 years and 13.7% were aged 60 and over
• 51.1% of the population were male and 48.9% were female.

Sport

The local Gaelic football team, Strabane Sigersons, and the hurling team, Strabane Seamrogaí, are expanding. Owen Roe O'Neill's GAC, Leckpatrick, can also claim part of Strabane with the North part of the town following under their parish umbrella. The Sigerson Cup, the all-Ireland colleges cup for Gaelic football, is named after a native of the town, Dr George Sigerson. Strabane Cricket Club and Fox Lodge Cricket Club are members of the North West Senior League. Strabane also boasts several local football teams that play in various leagues. The most senior is Strabane Athletic F.C. of the Northern Ireland Intermediate League.

The town has three golf courses.^[20] Strabane Golf Course^[21] is an 18-hole parkland course set in the foothills of the Sperrin Mountains, 1 mile south of the town. Strabane also has a large number of road runners. The local 10k race which is run in July is well supported by local athletes as well as those from farther afield. Strabane also hosts the Tyrone Titans, a new franchise in the historic IAFL. The River Mourne, Burn Dennet River, Moore Lough and Lough Ash are all within easy access of the town therefore providing many opportunities for fishing.

Irish language

Strabane has an Irish-medium nursery, Naíscoil an tSratha Báin, which was founded in 1994,^[22] and a Gaelscoil (primary school).^[23] Other Irish language groups including the Craobh Mhic an Chrosáin branch of Conradh na Gaeilge and Gaelphobal, an umbrella group for Irish language organisations, are active in the Strabane District.

Music and arts

The sculpture known locally as The Tinnies on the outskirts of Strabane, beside the roundabout near the Lifford turn-off

CRAIC (Cultural Revival Among Interested Communities) a cross-border, cross-community group provides music lessons to both adults and children on a voluntary basis in the local Irish language Gaelscoil. The Barret School of Irish Dancing has produced some of Ireland's best Irish dancers, and the local theatre group, The Puddle Alley Players, has won several awards over the years in amateur dramatic competitions.

In 2007, the Alley Arts and Conference Centre opened to the general public, offering a 270-seat theatre, art gallery, tourist information centre and cafe-bar. The Alley has won numerous awards since opening, including Northern Ireland Building of the Year 2008, Allianz Arts and Business Award 2009 and The Green Apple Award 2008. The venue has hosted the All Ireland Confined Drama Finals (2008) and is the current home of the North West Music Festival, The Stage Write Schools Drama Festival, Sounds Like Summer Music Festival, Strabane Drama Festival, and the Johnny Crampsie Music Festival.

Strabane plays host to a Saint Patrick's Day Parade each year. One of Strabane's most notable features are five 20 ft (6.1 m) steel structures on the banks of the river: two dancers and a fiddle player on the Lifford side, a flute player on the Strabane side and a drummer in the middle. Designed by Maurice Harron,^[24] they were placed close the site of the former British Army base at the Tyrone-Donegal border. The sculptures were originally called "Let The Dance Begin" but have since become known affectionately as "The Tinneys".^[25]