Conradh na Gaeilge

Conradh na Gaeilge
Logo of Conradh na Gaeilge
Abbreviation CnaG
Formation 31 July 1893 (1893-07-31)
Founder Douglas Hyde
Type Non-governmental organisation
Headquarters 6 Harcourt Street
Dublin 2
Ireland
Fields Irish language promotion
Gaelic revival
Secretary General
 Julian de Spáinn
President
 Dr. Niall Comer
Subsidiaries Raidió Rí-Rá
Website cnag.ie
Formerly called
 Gaelic League

Conradh na Gaeilge (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkɔn̪ˠɾˠə nə ˈɡeːlʲɟə]; historically known in English as the Gaelic League) is a social and cultural organisation which promotes the Irish language in Ireland and worldwide. The organisation was founded in 1893 with Douglas Hyde as its first president, when it emerged as the successor of several 19th century groups such as the Gaelic Union. The organisation would be the spearhead of the Gaelic revival and Gaeilgeoir activism. Originally the organisation intended to be apolitical, but many of its participants became involved in Irish nationalism.

History

Conradh na Gaeilge in Dublin
Advertisement for the Gaelic League in the Gaelic Journal, June 1894. The English text reads "This Association has been founded solely to keep the Irish Language spoken in Ireland. If you wish the Irish Language to live on the lips of Irishmen, help this effort according to your ability!"

Bruce Stewart suggests that an address by Douglas Hyde "led to the formation of the Gaelic League" with Hyde as the president.[1] The address titled ‘The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland’ was delivered by Hyde to the Irish National Literary Society, on 25 November 1892. (Thereafter, it was published in The Revival of Irish Literature, 1894.) Conradh na Gaeilge was founded in Dublin on 31 July 1893 by Douglas Hyde, the son of a Church of Ireland rector from Frenchpark, County Roscommon with the aid of Eugene O'Growney, Eoin MacNeill, Thomas O'Neill Russell and others. The organisation developed from Ulick Bourke's earlier Gaelic Union and became the leading institution promoting the Gaelic Revival, carrying on efforts like the publishing of the Gaelic Journal. The League's first newspaper was An Claidheamh Soluis (The Sword of Light) and its most noted editor was Pádraig Pearse. The motto of the League was Sinn Féin, Sinn Féin amháin (Ourselves, Ourselves alone).[2]

The League encouraged female participation from the start and a number of women played a prominent role. They were not restricted to subordinate roles, but played an active part in leadership, although males were in the overwhelming majority. Local notables, such as Lady Gregory in Galway, Lady Esmonde in County Wexford, and Mary Spring Rice in County Limerick, and others such as Norma Borthwick, founded and led branches in their communities. At the annual national convention in 1906 women were elected to seven of the forty-five positions on the Gaelic League executive. Executive members included Máire Ní Chinnéide, Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh (who wrote pamphlets on behalf of the League), Bean an Doc Uí Choisdealbha, Máire Ní hAodáin, Máire de Buitléir, Nellie O'Brien, Eibhlín Ní Dhonnabháin and Eibhlín Nic Néill.[3][4]

Though apolitical, the organisation attracted many Irish nationalists of different persuasions, much like the Gaelic Athletic Association. It was through the League that many future political leaders and rebels first met, laying the foundation for groups such as the Irish Volunteers (1913). However, Conradh na Gaeilge did not commit itself entirely to the national movement until 1915, whereupon Douglas Hyde resigned as president, feeling that the culture of language should be above politics. Most of the signatories of the 1916 Proclamation were members. It still continued to attract many Irish Republicans. Seán MacStiofáin, the first chief of staff of the Provisional IRA was a prominent member in his later life.

League in the Free State

After the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922, the organisation had a less prominent role in public life as Irish was made a compulsory subject in state-funded schools.[5] It did unexpectedly badly in the Irish Seanad election, 1925, when all the candidates it endorsed were defeated, including Hyde.[6]

In 1927, An Coimisiún Le Rincí Gaelacha (CLRG) was founded as a subcommittee of the League to investigate the promotion of traditional Irish dance. Eventually, CLRG became a largely independent organisation, though it is required by its constitution to share 3 board members with the League.[7]

Contemporary times

Conradh na Gaeilge, in alliance with other groups such as Gluaiseacht Chearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta, was instrumental in the community campaigns which led to the creation of RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta (1972), Údarás na Gaeltachta (1980), and TG4 (1996). The organisation successfully campaigned for the enactment of the Official Languages Act, 2003 which gave greater statutory protection to Irish speakers and created the position of An Coimisinéir Teanga (The Languages Commissioner). Conradh na Gaeilge was among the principal organisations responsible for co-ordinating the successful campaign to make Irish an official language of the European Union.[8]

Conradh na Gaeilge, Dublin.

In 2008 during the presidency of Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh, Conradh na Gaeilge adopted a new constitution reverting to its pre 1915 non-political stance restating its aim as that of an Irish-speaking Ireland "Is í aidhm na hEagraíochta an Ghaeilge a athréimniú mar ghnáththeanga na hÉireann" and dropping any reference to Irish freedom.

In recent years Conradh na Gaeilge has remained central to campaigns to protect language rights throughout Ireland. This strategy encompasses the promotion of increased investment in Gaeltacht areas,[9] advocacy for increased provision of state services through Irish,[10] the development of Irish language hubs in urban areas, and the Acht Anois campaign for the enactment of legislation to protect the Irish language in Northern Ireland.[11]

Associations

The organisation has branches in several parts of Ireland and overseas and is closely involved in the development of the Seachtain na Gaeilge promotional campaign. Conradh na Gaeilge has recently opened free legal advice centres (Ionaid Saor-Chomhairle Dlí) in Dublin and Galway in partnership with Free Legal Advice Centres. The Gaelic League publishes a magazine called Feasta, founded in 1948. This magazine, while it promotes the aims of the League, also has an important role in promoting new writing in Irish.

Presidents

  • 1893–1915, Douglas Hyde
  • 1916–1919, Eoin Mac Néill
  • 1919–1922, Seán Ua Ceallaigh
  • 1922–1925, Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich
  • 1925–1926, Seán P. Mac Énrí
  • 1926-1928, Cormac Breathnach
  • 1928–1933, Mac Giolla Bhríde
  • 1933–1940, Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich
  • 1940–1941, Liam Ó Buachalla
  • 1941–1942, Seán Óg Ó Tuama
  • 1942–1945, Diarmuid Mac Fhionnlaoich
  • 1945–1946, Seán Mac Gearailt
  • 1946–1949, Liam Ó Luanaigh
  • 1949–1950, Diarmuid Mac Fhionnlaoich
  • 1950–1952, Annraoi Ó Liatháin
  • 1952–1955, Seán Mac Gearailt
  • 1955–1959, Tomás Ó Muircheartaigh
  • 1959–1965, Micheál Mac Cárthaigh
  • 1965–1968, Cathal Ó Feinneadha
  • 1968–1974, Maolsheachlainn Ó Caollaí
  • 1974–1979, Pádraig Ó Snodaigh
  • 1979–1982, Albert Fry
  • 1982–1985, Micheál Ó Murchú
  • 1985–1989, Íte Ní Chionnaith
  • 1989–1994, Proinsias Mac Aonghusa
  • 1994–1995, Áine de Baróid
  • 1995-1998, Gearóid Ó Cairealláin
  • 1998–2003, Tomás Mac Ruairí
  • 2003–2004, Séagh Mac Siúrdáin
  • 2004–2005, Nollaig Ó Gadhra
  • 2005–2008, Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh
  • 2008–2011, Pádraig Mac Fhearghusa
  • 2011–2014, Donnchadh Ó hAodha
  • 2014–2017, Cóilín Ó Cearbhaill[12]
  • 2017–present, Niall Comer

See also

References

  1. ↑ Stewart, Bruce (2000). "On the Necessity of De-Hydifying Irish Cultural Criticism". New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua. 4 (1): 23.
  2. ↑ Murphy, Brian P. (2005). The Catholic Bulletin and Republican Ireland: with special reference to J. J. O'Kelly ('Sceilg'). London: Athol Books. pp. 51–53. ISBN 0-85034-108-6.
  3. ↑ New Hibernia Review. 6:1 Spring 2002. pp 57–62
  4. ↑ Irish Peasant, 18 August 1906
  5. ↑ "The Gaelic League in the Irish Free State in the 1920s and 1930s". The Irish Story. 28 November 2015.
  6. ↑ Coakley, John (September 2005). "Ireland's Unique Electoral Experiment: The Senate Election of 1925". Irish Political Studies. 20 (3): 231–269. doi:10.1080/07907180500359327.
  7. ↑ Cullinane, John (2003). An Coimisiún Le Rince Gaelacha: its origins and evolution. Dublin: Dr John P Cullinane. ISBN 0952795248.
  8. ↑ Cinneadh an AE: Céim fhíorthábhachtach stairiúil don Ghaeilge, go hidirnáisiúnta agus in Éirinn Archived 22 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. (Irish language) Foras na Gaeilge press release, 13 June 2005.
  9. ↑ "Plean Infheistíochta Le 1,160+ Post A Chruthú & Deiseanna Úsáidte Gaeilge don Phobal Á Nochtadh Inniu - Conradh na Gaeilge | Ar son phobal na Gaeilge". cnag.ie (in Irish). Retrieved 2017-09-30.
  10. ↑ "Irish-Language Rights On The Elections' Agenda - Conradh na Gaeilge | Ar son phobal na Gaeilge". cnag.ie. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
  11. ↑ "Irish-Language Act - Conradh na Gaeilge | Ar son phobal na Gaeilge". cnag.ie. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
  12. ↑ "Ã Cearbhaill elected as President of Conradh na Gaeilge". gaelport.com.

Bibliography

  • Mac Aonghusa, Proinsias (1993). Ar son na Gaeilge: Conradh na Gaeilge 1893-1993. Conradh na Gaeilge. ASIN B001A49CUY.
  • Mac Fhearghusa, Pádraig (1995). Conradh na Gaeilge i gCiarrai. Conradh na Gaeilge. ASIN B0010DRN88.
  • Mac Giolla Domhnaigh, Gearóid (1995). Conradh Gaeilge Chúige Uladh ag tús an 20ú chéid. Comhaltas Uladh de Chonradh na Gaeilge. ISBN 0951726412.
  • O'Riordain, Traolach (2000). Conradh na Gaeilge i gCorcaigh 1894-1910. Cois Life Teoranta. ISBN 1901176177.
  • Ó Súilleabháin, Donncha (1989). Conradh na Gaeilge i Londain 1894-1917. Conradh na Gaeilge. ASIN B009QZETH0.

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