SDCCU Stadium

SDCCU Stadium
Former names San Diego Stadium (1967–1980)
Jack Murphy Stadium (1981–1997)
Qualcomm Stadium (1997–2017)
Address 9449 Friars Road
Location San Diego, California
Coordinates 32°46′59″N 117°7′10″W / 32.78306°N 117.11944°W / 32.78306; -117.11944Coordinates: 32°46′59″N 117°7′10″W / 32.78306°N 117.11944°W / 32.78306; -117.11944
Public transit Stadium Station
Owner City of San Diego
Operator City of San Diego
Capacity 70,561 (Football, Chargers)
67,544 (Baseball)
54,000 (Football, Aztecs)
Field size Left field
330 (1969), 327 (1982)
Left-center & Right-center
375 (1969), 370 (1982)
Center field
420 (1969), 410 (1973), 420 (1978), 405 (1982)
Right field
330 (1969), 327 (1982), 330 (1996)
Backstop
80 feet (1969), 75 (1982)
Surface Bandera Bermuda Grass
Construction
Broke ground December 18, 1965[1]
Opened August 20, 1967
Construction cost US$27.75 million
($204 million in 2017 dollars[2])
Architect Frank L. Hope and Associates[1]
General contractor Robertson/Larsen/Donovan[1]
Tenants
American football

San Diego State Aztecs (NCAA) (1967–present)
San Diego Chargers (AFL/NFL) (1967–2016)
Holiday Bowl (NCAA) (1978–present)
Poinsettia Bowl (NCAA) (2005–2016)
San Diego Fleet (AAF) (2019–) planned

Baseball

San Diego Padres (PCL) (1968)
San Diego Padres (MLB) (1969–2003)

Other
San Diego Sockers (NASL) (1978–1984)

San Diego County Credit Union Stadium, commonly known as SDCCU Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in San Diego, California, United States. The stadium opened in 1967 as San Diego Stadium and was known as Jack Murphy Stadium from 1981 to 1997. From 1997 to 2017, the stadium's naming rights were owned by Qualcomm, a San Diego-based telecommunications equipment company and the stadium was known as Qualcomm Stadium. The naming rights expired on June 14, 2017 and the stadium was renamed on September 19, 2017. Currently the naming rights are owned by San Diego County Credit Union who paid $500,000 for the rights through December 31, 2018.[3]

It is the home of the San Diego State Aztecs football team from San Diego State University. One college football bowl game, the Holiday Bowl, is held in the stadium every December. The stadium was the longtime home of two professional franchises, the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL) and the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Chargers played at the stadium from 1967 through the 2016 season, after which they moved to Los Angeles,[4] while the Padres played home games at the stadium from their founding in 1969 through the 2003 season, when they moved to Petco Park in downtown San Diego. The stadium was also home to a second college bowl game, the Poinsettia Bowl, from 2005 until its discontinuation following the 2016 edition.

The stadium has hosted three Super Bowl games: Super Bowl XXII in 1988, Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, and Super Bowl XXXVII in 2003. It has also hosted the 1978 and 1992 Major League Baseball All-Star Games, as well as games of the 1996 and 1998 National League Division Series, the 1984 and 1998 National League Championship Series, and the 1984 and 1998 World Series. It is the only stadium ever to host both the Super Bowl and the World Series in the same year (1998) and is one of three stadiums to host the World Series, MLB All-Star Game, and Super Bowl, along with the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis and Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.

SDCCU Stadium is located immediately northwest of the interchange of Interstate 8 and Interstate 15. The neighborhood surrounding the stadium is known as Mission Valley, in reference to the Mission San Diego de Alcalá, which is located to the east, and its placement in the valley of the San Diego River. The stadium is served by the SDCCU Stadium station of the San Diego Trolley, accessible via the Green Line running toward Downtown San Diego to the west, and Santee to the east.

History

Qualcomm Stadium logo (1997–2017)

In the early 1960s, local sportswriter Jack Murphy, the brother of New York Mets broadcaster Bob Murphy, began to build up support for a multi-purpose stadium for San Diego. In November 1965, a $27 million bond was passed allowing construction to begin on a stadium, which was designed in the Brutalist style.[5] Construction on the stadium began one month later. When completed, the facility was named San Diego Stadium.

The Chargers (then a member of the American Football League) played the first game ever at the stadium on August 20, 1967. San Diego Stadium had a capacity of around 50,000; the three-tier grandstand was in the shape of a horseshoe, with the east end low (consisting of only one tier, partially topped by a large scoreboard). The Chargers were the main tenant of the stadium until 1968, when the AAA Pacific Coast League San Diego Padres baseball team played its last season in the stadium, following their move from the minor league sized Westgate Park. Due to expansion of Major League Baseball, this team was replaced by the current San Diego Padres major-league team beginning in the 1969 season. (The Padres moved out of SDCCU Stadium following the 2003 season.) The original scoreboard, a black-and-white scoreboard created by All American Scoreboards, was replaced in 1978 by one manufactured by American Sign and Indicator, which was the first full-color outdoor scoreboard ever built.[6] This was replaced in 1987 by a White Way Sign scoreboard, in which the video screen is surrounded almost entirely by three messageboards. The original video board was replaced in 1996 by a Sony JumboTron, with a second JumboTron installed behind the opposite end zone (third base in the stadium's baseball configuration).

Exterior of then-Jack Murphy Stadium in 1984

After Jack Murphy's death in September 1980, San Diego Stadium was renamed San Diego–Jack Murphy Stadium by a 6–2 vote of the San Diego City Council on January 6, 1981.[5][7] In 1983, over 9,000 bleachers were added to the lower deck on the open end of the stadium raising the capacity to 59,022. The most substantial addition was completed in 1997, when the stadium was fully enclosed, with the exception of where the scoreboard is located. Nearly 11,000 seats were added in readiness for Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, bringing the capacity to 70,561. Also in 1997, the facility was renamed Qualcomm Stadium after Qualcomm Corporation paid $18 million for the naming rights.[5] The naming rights belonged to Qualcomm until 2017, after which the rights were purchased by San Diego County Credit Union. In order to continue to honor Murphy, the city named the stadium site Jack Murphy Field.[8] However, as part of the naming agreement Jack Murphy Field was not allowed to be used alongside Qualcomm Stadium.[9] Some San Diegans, however, still refer to the stadium as "Jack Murphy" or simply "The Murph". Before his death in 2004, Bob Murphy still referred to it as Jack Murphy Stadium during New York Mets broadcasts, even after it was renamed. The stadium was temporarily renamed "Snapdragon Stadium" for 10 days in December 2011 as a marketing tie in for Qualcomm's Snapdragon brand.[10] The legality of the temporary name change was challenged at the time, since it was agreed to unilaterally by San Diego's mayor, without approval from the City Council and against the advice of the City Attorney.[11]

The stadium was the first of the square-circle "octorad" style, which was thought to be an improvement over the other cookie cutter stadiums of the time for hosting both football and baseball (the second and last of this style was the since-imploded Veterans Stadium). Despite the theoretical improvements of this style, most of the seats were still very far away from the action on the field, especially during baseball games. It is one of the few "cookie-cutter" stadiums to still remain active, along with Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium.

Super Bowls

Date Super Bowl NFC Champion Points AFC Champion Points Attendance
January 31, 1988XXIIWashington Redskins42Denver Broncos1073,302
January 25, 1998XXXIIGreen Bay Packers24Denver Broncos3168,912
January 26, 2003XXXVIITampa Bay Buccaneers48Oakland Raiders2167,603

Configurations

Satellite view of then-Qualcomm Stadium in March 2003, with the trolley line at the bottom of the image.

In order to accommodate the dimensions of both football and baseball fields, the stadium was constructed with half of the lower (Field Level) level seating built of permanent concrete (in the southern quadrant of the stadium), and the other half of portable modular construction using aluminum or steel framing.

When the stadium was configured for baseball, the portable sections would be placed in the western quadrant of the stadium along the third base-left field side. Open bullpens were located along both foul lines just beyond the ends of the Field-level seats. In the Padres' final five seasons at the stadium from 1999 to 2003, the home plate area took on the shape of home plate itself (as opposed to the standard circle); this feature is seen in Detroit's Comerica Park today.[12]

In the football configuration, the portable seating sections are placed in the northern quadrant of the stadium (covering what is used as left field in the baseball configuration) to allow for the football field to be laid out east–west (along the first base/right field foul line, with the western end zone placed in the area occupied by the portable seating sections in the baseball configuration, and the eastern end zone along the right-center field wall).

Doorways are cut in the walls of the stadium in order to allow access to these seats from the tunnel below the Plaza level in both configurations (in baseball configuration, the football doors could be seen above the left field inner wall; in football configuration, the baseball doors are visible above the west end zone, opposite the scoreboard). These doors are rolling metal overhead doors, with the field side painted to match the surrounding walls facing the field.

Seating capacity

Tenants

The Padres

A Padres game at San Diego Jack Murphy Stadium in 1990, before upper deck expansion.

From their inception in 1969 until the end of 2003, when they moved into Petco Park in the downtown area, the National League's San Diego Padres called the stadium home.

The baseball field dimensions had varied slightly over the years. In 1969, the distance from home plate to the left and right field wall was 330 feet (100 m), the distance to the left- and right-center field power alleys was 375 feet (114 m), and the distance from home plate to the center field was 420 feet (130 m). A 19-foot (5.8 m) wall, whose top was the rim of the Plaza level, surrounded the outfield, making home runs difficult to hit. Later, an eight-foot fence was erected, cutting the distances to 327, 368 and 405 feet (123 m), respectively. In 1996 a note of asymmetry was introduced when a 19-foot (5.8 m) high scoreboard displaying out-of-town scores was erected along the right-field wall near the foul pole and deemed to be in play, and so the distances to right field and right-center field were 330 feet (100 m) and 370 feet (110 m), respectively, while the remaining dimensions remained the same.

Orel Hershiser broke Don Drysdale's scoreless inning streak at Jack Murphy Stadium on September 28, 1988 as the Los Angeles Dodgers played the San Diego Padres. Rickey Henderson collected his 3000th major league base hit here on October 7, 2001 as a Padre, in what was also the last major league game for Tony Gwynn, the eight-time National League batting champion and Hall of Famer who played his entire career with San Diego. It was also before a Padres game here where comedian Roseanne Barr gave her infamous rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" in 1990.[25]

The Chargers

An NFL Chargers playoff game in 2007

The stadium was the site of the 1980 AFC Championship Game, which the "Bolts" lost to their AFC West and in-state rival, the Oakland Raiders, 34–27. The Chargers also hosted Wild Card and Divisional Playoff games in 1980, 1992, 1994, 1995, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, going 5-5 in all playoff games held at the stadium. The Chargers were unbeaten at SDCCU Stadium against the Detroit Lions (5–0) and Jacksonville Jaguars (4–0), but winless against the Atlanta Falcons (0–6), Carolina Panthers (0–3), and Green Bay Packers (0–6). The Chargers moved from SDCCU Stadium to the StubHub Center in Carson, California, a suburb of Los Angeles, following the 2016 NFL season.

The Aztecs

Interior of then-Qualcomm Stadium before a SDSU Aztecs football game

Since its inception, the stadium, which is approximately five miles from campus, has been the home of San Diego State University Aztecs football. Before the building of the stadium, they had played their games at Balboa Stadium and their small, on-campus stadium, the Aztec Bowl (which is now the site of Viejas Arena, the home of the university's basketball teams). Traditionally, the team, clad in all-black uniforms and red helmets, has played its home games at night, a tradition started during the days of former head coach Don Coryell before the stadium was even opened. There have been attempts in the past to change from "The Look", but all have been associated with subsequent poor play by the Aztecs and a return to the traditional look.

San Diego Fleet

The San Diego Fleet of the AAF will begin playing at the stadium in 2019.[26]

College bowl games

Following the 1978 college football season, the stadium began hosting the Holiday Bowl, an annual bowl game held before New Year's Day. It originally hosted the Western Athletic Conference champion (at the time, the hometown Aztecs had just joined this conference) against a nationally ranked opponent. The game has traditionally been a high-scoring affair, and prior to 2009 no team had ever managed to score less than ten points (which occurred in the 2006 game, when the Texas Longhorns lost 71–0 to the California Golden Bears) and only ⅓ of the games have had a team even score less than 20 points. In the 2009 game, Arizona failed to score against Nebraska. The 1984 game is well known for it being the culmination of BYU's championship season, the last championship not won by a member of the current College Football Playoff alliance.

On December 22, 2005, a second bowl game came to San Diego when the inaugural San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl was played at SDCCU Stadium, with Navy beating Colorado State. The Poinsettia Bowl was organized by the same organizing committee as the Holiday Bowl. It was officially discontinued after the 2016 game, as the organizing committee announced (in January 2017) that it had decided to host only one game, beginning with the 2017 season.

Soccer

SDCCU Stadium has been a venue for many international soccer matches. The stadium has hosted FIFA tournaments, including the CONCACAF Gold Cup, and the U.S. Cup (an international invitational), as well as many international friendly matches involving the Mexico National Team.[27] The most recent international friendly at SDCCU set an all-time attendance record for the sport in the region. The match between Mexico and Argentina which was held on June 4, 2008 drew 68,498 spectators.[28] In addition, SDCCU Stadium was part of the 18-stadium United States 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bid, but the United States did not win either bid for the World Cup.

The stadium has also hosted several international friendlies featuring clubs such as Real Madrid, Chivas, Portsmouth F.C. and Club América.

The San Diego Sockers of the North American Soccer League played at the stadium from 1978 to 1983. SDCCU Stadium was the venue of Soccer Bowl '82 of the North American Soccer League and Major League Soccer's 1999 All-Star Game.[29]

On January 29, 2017, the USMNT played a friendly (exhibition) match against Serbia, the first ever meeting between the two teams. The match finished as a 0–0 draw.[30]

The stadium hosted two group stage matches of the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

On July 25, 2018, the stadium hosted a 2018 International Champions Cup match between A.S. Roma and Tottenham Hotspur. Tottenham Hotspur won 4–1.

Other sports

In October 1967, just weeks after the stadium opened, it hosted a SCCA event organized by San Diego Region. The event was not held in the stadium itself, but on a temporary course mapped out through the stadium's parking lot. In July 1968, the Region organized a SCCA National for the car park, now called the San Diego Stadium International Raceway, but the combination of a very small crowd and complaints about the noise ensured that the experiment was not repeated.[31]

CIF San Diego Section Finals for high school football are held at SDCCU Stadium. These usually take place on a Friday in early December, and four games are played (with eight teams representing four separate divisions, which are determined by the enrollment sizes of the individual schools).

SDCCU Stadium has also hosted rugby matches. In October 1980, the USA played New Zealand in a rugby match televised on ESPN. With 14,000 fans in attendance, this game at the time was the largest crowd ever to watch an international rugby game in the US.[32] Old Mission Beach Athletic Club RFC play rugby union at the adjacent mini-stadium, so-called Little Q.

SDCCU Stadium was home to a round of the AMA Supercross Championship each year, usually in early February, from 1980 to 2014.[33][34] The stadium also hosted a round of Monster Jam, also ran and operated by Feld Entertainment. In 2015, both events were moved to Petco Park.[33]

ESPN held their inaugural Moto X World Championships at SDCCU Stadium in April 2008,[35] and has previously used the stadium parking lot and surrounding streets as a venue in the X Games Street Luge competition.

Concerts on the Green

Concerts on the Green is a sports field converted into a music and entertainment venue, located on the southwest corner of the stadium parking lot. The field was originally used as a practice venue for the San Diego Chargers. After the team moved to Chargers Park about a mile north of the stadium, the area was used primarily for rugby. AEG leased the area and retrofit it into an open-air amphitheater for concerts and other entertainment shows. The venue had the capability to hold 12,500, making it the second biggest entertainment venue in the Greater San Diego area; only Cricket Wireless Amphitheatre seats more.

Non-sporting events

The stadium being used as an evacuation center during California wildfires of October 2007.

Concerts

Many concerts have also been held inside the stadium over the years, by famous artists of many different genres.

In 1983 rock radio station KGB 101.5 FM hosted the KGB Skyshow 8 with Uriah Heep, Eddie Money, Mötley Crüe and Def Leppard finishing the show.

Date Artist Opening act(s) Tour / Concert name Attendance Revenue Notes
August 9, 1976ZZ TopBlue Öyster Cult
Johnny & Edgar Winter		Worldwide Texas Tour——
October 7, 1981The Rolling StonesGeorge Thorogood
J. Geils Band		American Tour 198170,000 / 70,000$1,050,000
October 27, 1982The WhoJohn Mellencamp
Loverboy		The Who Tour 198251,771 / 55,000$776,565
August 22, 1989The Who—The Who Tour 198940,101 / 46,500$902,273This concert was recorded for the live album, Join Together.
September 30, 1992Guns N' Roses
Metallica		Body CountGuns N' Roses/Metallica Stadium Tour42,167 / 45,938$1,159,593
April 14, 1994 Pink Floyd The Division Bell Tour 51,610 / 51,610 $1,594,069
March 22, 1995Billy Joel
Elton John		—Face to Face 199552,665 / 52,665$2,350,025
February 3, 1998The Rolling StonesSantanaBridges to Babylon Tour55,507 / 55,507$3,220,069
July 16, 2001*NSYNCEden's Crush
Samantha Mumba
Dante Thomas		PopOdyssey38,304 / 57,555$1,983,015
July 27, 2008Stone Temple PilotsBlack Rebel Motorcycle Club
Wolfmother		2008 Reunion Tour——
September 6, 2008Bob Dylan—Never Ending Tour 2008——This concert was a part of "Concerts on the Green".
July 9, 2015One DirectionIcona PopOn the Road Again Tour52,510 / 52,510$4,353,534"Spaces" was performed and "Act My Age" was added to the setlist.
May 12, 2016BeyoncéDJ KhaledThe Formation World Tour45,885 / 45,885$6,028,115
August 22, 2016Guns N' RosesThe CultNot in This Lifetime... Tour49,458 / 49,458$5,337,634
September 22, 2017U2BeckThe Joshua Tree Tour 201754,221 / 54,221$6,469,130
October 8, 2017ColdplayTove Lo
Alina Baraz		A Head Full of Dreams Tour54,279 / 54,279$5,955,986Part of the show was broadcast live at a benefit concert in Mexico City for the relief efforts for the Central Mexico earthquake.[36]The proceeds from the show went towards the relief efforts for the Central Mexico earthquake.[37]
September 27, 2018Beyoncé
Jay-Z		Chloe X Halle and DJ KhaledOn the Run II TourTBATBA

In TV and movies

American Idol (season 7) held auditions there in July 2007; a total of 30 people who auditioned there made it to the next round.

In a January 30, 2009 episode of Monk, SDCCU Stadium was known as Summit Stadium in the episode Mr. Monk Makes the Playoffs with the fictitious San Francisco Condors as the home team.

In the 2017 film Kingsman: The Golden Circle, the stadium is turned into a massive quarantine prison for all people infected with the poppy virus.

The Little Q

The Little Q is a sports field, used primarily for rugby located adjacent to SDCCU Stadium; the Little Q is home to San Diego's Super League rugby team OMBAC and the College Premier Division San Diego State University Aztec rugby team.

Big SoCal Euro

Big SoCal Euro is a gathering of European car enthusiasts. It attracts over 3,000 car lovers every year. Not only is Big SoCal Euro one of the largest all European car gatherings, it is one of the oldest events of its kind, established in 2002. It has been held at SDCCU Stadium since 2007. The event was founded by Lon Mok of SoCalEuro.com

Other events

Billy Graham hosted a crusade at the stadium in early May 2003.

During the Cedar Fire in October 2003 and the October 2007 California wildfires, the stadium served as an evacuation site for those living in affected areas. (This was similar to the use of the Houston Astrodome and the New Orleans Superdome during Hurricane Katrina.) The Cedar Fire forced the Chargers to move a contest with the Miami Dolphins to Arizona State University's Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona.

In the 1980s and early 1990s, the San Diego County Council of the Boy Scouts of America used the stadium's concourse areas (between the rear of the grandstands and the freestanding wall which contains the entrance gates) as well as portions of the parking lots as the site of its annual Scout Fair. The San Diego County Council has since merged with the council representing Imperial County to form the Desert Pacific Council.

On May 4 and 18, 2013, the stadium was used as a race course by the Stadium Super Trucks.[38]

Future

With the departure of the Padres following the 2003 season and even beforehand, there has been much talk of replacing the increasingly obsolete (by NFL standards) stadium with a more modern, football-only one. Also, the NFL has demanded a new stadium to host another Super Bowl. There have been many problems with this project, the most obvious one being the city's inability to fund such a stadium.[39]

The Chargers and city attempted to bring business partners in on the proposed $800 million project, which would have been located in downtown San Diego's East Village[40] and included upgrades to the area and infrastructure, but all efforts failed. The Chargers had a clause in their contract, to the effect that if they paid off all debts to the city and county for the upgrades to the current stadium by 2007, then the team could pull out of its lease in 2008; however, the clause was not activated.

On February 19, 2015, the Chargers and the Oakland Raiders announced that they would build a privately financed $1.7 billion stadium in Carson, California if they were to move to the Los Angeles market.[41] Both teams stated that they would continue to attempt to get stadiums built in their respective cities.[42]

On April 22, 2015, the Carson City Council bypassed the option to put the stadium to public vote and approved the plan 3-0.[43] The council voted without having clarified several issues, including who would finance the stadium, how the required three-way land swap would be performed, and how it would raise enough revenue if only one team moved in as tenant.[44] On January 4, 2016, the Rams, Raiders, and the Chargers all filed for relocation to Los Angeles and days later on January 12, 2016, NFL owners voted to approve the Rams relocation from St. Louis to the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Inglewood Stadium 30-2, with the Chargers given a one-year option to join (the Raiders also had this option had the Chargers option to join the Rams not been exercised before January 15, 2017).

On January 29, 2016, Dean Spanos announced that the Chargers would stay in San Diego for the 2016 NFL season after the Chargers agreed to share a stadium with the Rams. On February 23, 2016, the Chargers announced that their new stadium efforts would be focused on East Village in Downtown San Diego. One month later on March 30, 2016, details of the initiative and the stadium proposal were unveiled to the media. On April 21, 2016, renderings of the downtown stadium were unveiled and on April 23, 2016, signature gathering for the Chargers downtown stadium began and on June 10, 2016, the Chargers initiative gathered 110,786 signatures were enough to put the proposal on ballot. On July 12, 2016, City Clerk Liz Malland announced the Chargers stadium initiative had enough valid signatures to be put to a vote on November and on July 18, 2016, the San Diego City Council voted 8-0 to put the Chargers stadium plan and the Citizens on the November ballot. However, despite vigorous campaigning and millions of dollars spent, voters rejected the ballot plan 57%-43%, placing serious doubt about the team's future at the stadium.

A month later at the NFL owners meetings December 14, 2016, the lease agreement between the Chargers and the Rams as well as the team's debt waiver fee were approved, taking the first steps to move to the Greater Los Angeles Area in 2017. Four days later, CBS Sports reported citing several NFL owners (and ownership sources) that Dean Spanos had been resigned to the fact that he and the Chargers are moving to L.A. next year. At the same time, Scott Kaplan of San Diego-area sports radio station the Mighty 1090 was told by Spanos that he was leaning towards his team moving and he would have been committed to San Diego had the vote been 50%. On January 12, 2017, the Chargers announced they were moving to Los Angeles and StubHub Center starting with the 2017 season.[45]

Since the Chargers' departure, a proposal has emerged which involves a group of investors who propose to purchase a Major League Soccer expansion franchise. They have offered to purchase the SDCCU Stadium site from the City of San Diego (its present owner) if their application for a soccer franchise is approved, and to construct a smaller, soccer-specific stadium outside the footprint of the current stadium. This stadium would be shared with the San Diego State University football program, allowing SDCCU Stadium to be demolished upon its completion. The proposal includes residential and commercial development and space set aside for a public park.

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  3. ↑ Showley, Roger (September 14, 2017). "'SDCCU Stadium' - the proposed new name for the 'Q'". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
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  9. ↑ "Newsroom Role Getting a Tough Test", October 2001 Archived August 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ "Snapdragon Stadium unveiled for bowl season". U-T San Diego. December 16, 2011.
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  25. ↑ Laurence, Robert (July 17, 2003). "Roseanne Tries Raising the Bar". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  26. ↑ Strain, Todd. "The San Diego Fleet Have Arrived". NBC 7 San Diego. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  27. ↑ "El Tri in San Diego". San Diego Union-Tribune. February 27, 2007.
  28. ↑ Zeigler, Mark (June 5, 2008). "Messi Makes Mess of El Tri's Defense". San Diego Union-Tribune.
  29. ↑ "MLS All-Star Game 1999". mlssoccer.com. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  30. ↑ http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/01/29/23/40/20170129-mnt-recap-usa-kicks-off-2017-with-0-0-draw-against-serbia
  31. ↑ Southern Pacific SCCA Formula B 1968 on OldRacingCars.com
  32. ↑ Sports Illustrated, An All Black And Blue Day, Oct. 20, 1980, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1123880/2/index.htm
  33. 1 2 Petco saved Supercross, Monster Jam shows The San Diego Union-Tribune, 9 May 2014
  34. ↑ Supercross comes to Petco Park The San Diego Union-Tribune, 6 February 2015
  35. ↑ "Monster Energy Athletes Win Half of the Events @ ESPN Moto-X World Championships". monsterarmy.com. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
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  37. ↑ Kreps, Daniel (7 October 2017). "See Coldplay, James Corden Sing Tom Petty's Free Fallin' at Rose Bowl". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
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  39. ↑ "San Diego mayor says city can't afford new Chargers stadium". USA Today. Associated Press. April 21, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  40. ↑ Andrew, Kleske; Sanchez, Leonel (May 19, 2010). "Chargers release downtown stadium plan". U-T San Diego. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  41. ↑ Williams, Eric D. (February 20, 2015). "Chargers, Raiders reveal L.A. plan". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  42. ↑ Rapoport, Ian (February 20, 2015). "Chargers, Raiders team up for stadium proposal in Los Angeles". NFL.com. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  43. ↑ Jablon, Robert (April 22, 2015). "City Council approves plan for NFL stadium near Los Angeles". Associated Press. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  44. ↑ Logan, Tim; Nathan Fenno (April 21, 2015). "Carson City Council may be set to approve NFL stadium, sight unseen". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  45. ↑ http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2017/01/11/chargers-will-play-at-stubhub-center-in-2017-18/
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