Sadri language

Sadani
Sadri, Nagpuri
Native to India
Region Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha
Ethnicity Nagpuri people
Native speakers
 5.1 million (2011 census)[1] [2]
Census results conflate some speakers with Hindi.
Devanagari, Eastern Nagari script, Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
sck – Sadri
sdr – Oraon Sadri
Glottolog sada1242[4]

Sadani (also Sadri and Nagpuri) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.[5]

Sadani language spoken by Sadan. In addition to native speakers, Sadri is also used as a Lingua franca by many of "tribal" groups, among others the Kharia, Munda, Bhumij and Kurukh, and a number of speakers of these "tribal" groups have adopted Sadri as their first language. [6] It spoken by many Tea-tribes of Assam, West Bengal and Bangladesh. In 2011 Cencus, There are 5108691 Nagpuri language speaker including 4345677 Sadan/Sadri and 763014 Nagpuria. [7]

Etymology

The origin of Sadan/Sadri and other related terms is somewhat obscure. Probably the term "Sadan" derive from nisaada, referring to an ethnic group of Northeast India. [8] The name Nagpur is probably taken from Nagvanshi, who ruled in this part of the country. [9] Thus local language got the name of Nagpuri.

History

Nagpuri language evolved from Prakrit languages. During reign of Nagvanshi kings, It was language of royal court.

Geographical Distribution

Nagpuri language is chiefly spoken in western Chota Nagpur Plateau region of west-central Jharkhand in districts such as Latehar, Lohardaga, Gumla, Palamu, Garhwa, Chatra, Simdega, Ranchi, Khunti, West Singhbhum, North-east Chhattisgarh in district Jashpur, Surguja, Balrampur, South-east Uttarpradesh in Sonbhadra, Northern Odisha in Sundargarh and south-west Bihar in Aurangabad district.[10] [11]

Script

Nagpuri is commonly written in the Devanagari script, an abugida. Devanagari consists of 11 vowels and 33 consonants and written from left to right.[12]

Vocabulary

The main source Nagpuri lexicon is Prakrit and Sanskrit. During the medieval period contact with North India resulted in introduction of some Persian words.

Example of short phrases

Phrases in English.Nagpuri/TransliterationHindi/Transliteration
My name is Mahesh.मोर नाम महेश हेके/ Mor nam Mahesh hekeमेरा नाम महेश है/ Mera nam Mahesh hai
I am going to market.मोैं वजार जात होंं/ Moen bazar jat honमैं बजार जा राहा हु़ुँ/ Main bazar ja raha hoon
I have eaten.मौ खा हों, मौं खालों/ Moen kha hon, Moen Khalonमैं खाया हुँ, मैने खाया/ Main khaya hoon, Maine khaya
I had eaten.मौं खाए रहों/ Moen Khae rahonमैंने खाया शा/ Maine khaya tha
I was feeling hungry.मोके भुख लागत रहे /Moke bhukh lagat raheमुझे भुख लगी थी/ Mujhe bhukh lagi thi
You will come.तोयं आबे/ Toen abeतुम आना/ Tum ana
Where are you going?तोयं काहां जात हीस् ॽ/ Toen kahan jat hisॽतुम काहां जा रहे होॽ/ Tum kahan ja rahe hoॽ
We are writing.हामे लीखत ही/ Hame likhat hiहम सब लीख रहें हैं/ Ham sab likh rahe hain
We have written.हामे लीख ही, हामे लीखली/ Hame likh hi, Hame likhliहम सब लीखे हैं/ Ham sab likhe hain
He is coming.उगो आवत है/ Oogo awat haiवह आ रहा है/ Wah aa raha hai
He was coming.उगो आवत रहे/ Oogo awat raheवह आ रहा था/ Wah aa raha tha
He will play.उगो खेली/ Oogo kheliवह खेलेगा/ Wah khelega
They have eaten bread.उमन रोटी खा हैं/ Ooman roti kha hainवॆ रटी खाये हैं/ We roti khaye hain
They went.उमन गेलैं/ Ooman gelainवॆ गयें/ We gain
They will go home.उमन घर जाबैं/ Ooman ghar jabainवॆ घर जायॆगॆं/ We ghar jayenge

Media

Although Sadri still lacks a standardised form, much literature have written in the language. Many Sadri magazines have published in various parts of India. Gharaiya Guith, a monthly magazine in Sadri, have published in Shillong. Johar Sahiya is now published in Ranchi. Veer Birsa, Aguwa, Nawa Parha, NIRANG PAJHRA and Adivasi Express were published in the Dooars and Tarai regions of West Bengal. A few feature films have also been produced in the Sadri language in Assam, Dooars, Jharkhand, Siliguri and in Odisha. Since 1980, many Sadri songs and videos have produced.

A vary of Sadri is Nagpuri, which taught at Ranchi University and other universities of Jharkhand.

"In preparation for the January 2014 education season, the national curriculum and textbook board has already started printing books in six languages ... Chakma, Cogborok (Tripura community), Marma, Santal, Sadri (Oraon community) and Achik (Mandi community)."[13]

Alternate names

Alternate names of dialects include: Sadri, Sadana, Sadati, Sadari, Sadhan, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri, Sradri, Sadhari, Sadan, Nagpuria, Nagpuri, Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Gawari, Ganwari, Goari, Gauuari, Jharkhandhi.[14][15][16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-27. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  3. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
  4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sadani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-27. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  6. ↑ http://www.southasiabibliography.de/uploads/Sadri.htm
  7. ↑ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  8. ↑ http://www.southasiabibliography.de/uploads/Sadri.htm
  9. ↑ Sir John Houlton, Bihar, the Heart of India, pp. 127-128, Orient Longmans, 1949.
  10. ↑ https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sck
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-27. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  12. ↑ http://www.southasiabibliography.de/uploads/Sadri.htm#rGrierson1903
  13. ↑ Chowdhury, K.R. (2013-05-21). "Native tongue offers ethnic children a good start". khabarsouthasia.com. Archived from the original on 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
  14. ↑ "Sadri (Language code 'sck')". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
  15. ↑ "Oraon Sadri (Language code 'sdr')". Global Recordings Network. Archived from the original on 2012-05-15. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
  16. ↑ "Ethnologue report for language code: sck". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2012-08-25.
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