List of earthquakes in 1938

Earthquakes in 1938
Approximate epicenters of the earthquakes in 1938
Strongest magnitude Indonesia Banda Sea, Indonesia (Magnitude 8.5) February 1
Deadliest Turkey Kirsehir Province, Turkey (Magnitude 6.6) April 19 224 deaths
Total fatalities 296
Number by magnitude
9.0+ 0
8.0−8.9 2
7.0−7.9 20
6.0−6.9 81
5.0−5.9 0
← 1937
1939 →

This is a list of earthquakes in 1938. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. This was once again a very busy year with 22 events reaching 7.0+. Topping the list was a huge quake which struck the Banda Sea, Indonesia in February. At a magnitude of 8.5 this was one of the largest earthquakes of all time. Despite the large size no deaths were reported. Considering the array of large events, the death toll for the year was only 296. Turkey saw the majority of the deaths due to a 6.6 magnitude event in April. November 1938 saw a series of large quakes strike off the east coast of Honshu, Japan. Also in November was a magnitude 8.3 which struck Alaska. Generally Indonesia and Japan saw most of the large 7.0+ events.

Overall

By death toll

Rank Death toll Magnitude Location Depth (km) Date
1 224 6.6 Turkey Kirsehir Province, Turkey 10.0 April 19
2 51 6.0 Myanmar Shan State, Burma 0.0 May 14
3 17 7.7 Indonesia Makassar Strait, Indonesia 35.0 May 19
  • Note: At least 10 casualties

By magnitude

Rank Magnitude Death toll Location Depth (km) Date
1 8.5 0 Indonesia Banda Sea, Indonesia 25.0 February 1
2 8.3 0 United States south of the Alaska Peninsula 35.0 November 10
3 7.8 1 Japan off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 35.0 November 5
4 7.7 0 Papua New Guinea Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea 35.0 May 12
4 7.7 17 Indonesia Makassar Strait, Indonesia 35.0 May 19
4 7.7 0 Japan off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 15.0 May 23
4 7.7 0 Japan Ryukyu Islands, Japan 20.0 June 10
4 7.7 0 Japan off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 35.0 November 5
4 7.7 0 Japan off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 30.0 November 6
5 7.6 0 Japan off the east coast of Honshu, Japan 25.0 November 6
6 7.5 0 Japan Ryukyu Islands, Japan 20.0 June 16
7 7.3 0 Indonesia Molucca Sea, Indonesia 15.0 October 10
7 7.3 0 Indonesia northwest of Timor, Indonesia 90.0 October 20
8 7.2 0 Taiwan Hualien County, Taiwan 15.0 September 7
9 7.1 0 Philippines west of Luzon, Philippines 15.0 May 23
9 7.1 0 New Caledonia Loyalty Islands 35.0 May 30
9 7.1 0 Mongolia Bayan-Olgii Province, Mongolia 10.0 October 19
10 7.0 0 Scotia Sea 10.0 January 24
10 7.0 2 Colombia Quindio Department, Colombia 150.0 February 5
10 7.0 0 Myanmar Chin State, Burma 75.0 August 16
10 7.0 0 Philippines Samar Sea, Philippines 15.0 August 29
10 7.0 0 New Zealand Southland, New Zealand 15.0 December 16
  • Note: At least 7.0 magnitude

Notable events

January

  • Japan A magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck the Volcano Islands, Japan on January 1 at a depth of 60.0 km.[1]
  • Mexico A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck off the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico on January 2 at a depth of 25.0 km.[2] Major damage was reported.[3]
  • Papua New Guinea A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck west of New Ireland (island), Papua New Guinea on January 7 at a depth of 15.0 km.[4]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.2 earthquake struck the Ryukyu Islands, Japan on January 10 at a depth of 60.0 km.[5]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck off the south coast of Honshu, Japan on January 11 at a depth of 25.0 km.[6]
  • Peru A magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Loreto Region, Peru on January 16 at a depth of 100.0 km.[7]
  • Indonesia A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck off the west coast of southern Sumatra, Indonesia on January 18 at a depth of 100.0 km.[8]
  • Indonesia A magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck the Sunda Strait, Indonesia on January 22 at a depth of 150.0 km.[9]
  • United States A magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck just north of Maui, Hawaii on January 23 at a depth of 10.0 km.[10]
  • A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck the Scotia Sea on January 24 at a depth of 10.0 km.[11]

February

March

April

May

  • Mexico A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck Morelos, Mexico on May 3 at a depth of 100.0 km.[37]
  • Nicaragua An earthquake struck Leon Department, Nicaragua on May 6. The magnitude and depth were unknown. Major damage was caused in the area. It appears that a volcanic eruption may have occurred at the time.[38]
  • Mexico A magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck off the coast of Guerrero, Mexico on May 11 at a depth of 20.0 km.[39]
  • Papua New Guinea A magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea on May 12 at a depth of 35.0 km. A few homes were damaged or destroyed.[40][41]
  • Myanmar A magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Shan State, Burma on May 14 at an unknown depth. At least 51 people died and some homes collapsed.[42]
  • Indonesia A magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck the Makassar Strait, Indonesia on May 19 at a depth of 35.0 km. Seventeen deaths were due to a tsunami, and 942 homes were destroyed, with a further 184 that were damaged.[43][44][45]
  • Japan A magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on May 23 at a depth of 15.0 km.[46]
  • Philippines A magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck west of Luzon, Philippines on May 23 at a depth of 15.0 km.[47]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck Hokkaido, Japan on May 28 at a depth of 35.0 km. One person was killed by a tsunami and seven homes were destroyed.[48][49]
  • New Caledonia A magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck the Loyalty Islands on May 30 at a depth of 35.0 km.[50]

June

July

August

September

October

November

  • Japan A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 5 at a depth of 35.0 km. One person died and 20 homes were destroyed. A tsunami was reported. This was the start of a series of major earthquakes to hit the area over the coming weeks.[92][93]
  • Japan A magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 5 at a depth of 35.0 km. This came just over two hours after the mainshock.[94]
  • Japan A magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 6 at a depth of 30.0 km.[95]
  • Japan A magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 6 at a depth of 25.0 km.[96]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.5 aftershock struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 7 at a depth of 30.0 km.[97]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.5 aftershock struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 7 at a depth of 30.0 km.[98]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.8 aftershock struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 9 at a depth of 15.0 km.[99]
  • United States A magnitude 8.3 earthquake struck south of the Alaska Peninsula on November 10 at a depth of 35.0 km.[100]
  • United States A magnitude 6.6 aftershock struck south of the Alaska Peninsula on November 11 at a depth of 35.0 km.[101]
  • Russia A magnitude 6.7 earthquake struck the Kuril Islands, Russia on November 13 at a depth of 75.0 km.[102]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.9 aftershock struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 13 at a depth of 35.0 km.[103]
  • Papua New Guinea A magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck off the southeast coast of New Britain, Papua New Guinea on November 14 at a depth of 35.0 km.[104]
  • United States A magnitude 6.9 aftershock struck south of the Alaska Peninsula on November 17 at a depth of 35.0 km.[105]
  • Solomon Islands A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck the Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands on November 18 at a depth of 360.0 km.[106]
  • China A magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Xizang Province, China on November 21 at a depth of 35.0 km.[107]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.8 aftershock struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 22 at a depth of 25.0 km.[108]
  • Japan A magnitude 6.8 aftershock struck off the east coast of Honshu, Japan on November 30 at a depth of 30.0 km.[109]

December

References

  1. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 1, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  2. ↑ "M6.5 - offshore Oaxaca, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. January 2, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Significant Earthquake MEXICO: OMETEPEC". National Geophysical Data Center. January 2, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  4. ↑ "M6.5 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. January 7, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  5. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 10, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  6. ↑ "M6.5 - near the south coast of western Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. January 11, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  7. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 16, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  8. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 18, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  9. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. January 22, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  10. ↑ "M6.6 - Maui region, Hawaii". United States Geological Survey. January 23, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  11. ↑ "M7.0 - Scotia Sea". United States Geological Survey. January 24, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  12. ↑ "M8.5 - Banda Sea". United States Geological Survey. February 1, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Tsunami Event BANDA SEA". National Geophysical Data Center. February 1, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  14. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 2, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  15. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 5, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Significant Earthquake COLOMBIA: TAMESIS". National Geophysical Data Center. February 5, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  17. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 5, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  18. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 7, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  19. ↑ "Significant Earthquake INDONESIA: NEW GUINEA: FAKFAK". National Geophysical Data Center. February 13, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  20. ↑ "M6.5 - off the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. February 13, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  21. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. February 14, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  22. ↑ "M6.5 - New Ireland region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. March 8, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  23. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 14, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  24. ↑ "M6.6 - Haida Gwaii, Canada". United States Geological Survey. March 22, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  25. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. March 31, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  26. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 4, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  27. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 9, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  28. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 13, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  29. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 14, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  30. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 17, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  31. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 17, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  32. ↑ "M6.6 - central Turkey". United States Geological Survey. April 19, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Significant Earthquake TURKEY: KIRSEHIR". National Geophysical Data Center. April 19, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  34. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 24, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Significant Earthquake NICARAGUA: LEON,CHINANDEGA". National Geophysical Data Center. April 25, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  36. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. April 26, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  37. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 3, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  38. ↑ "Significant Earthquake NICARAGUA: LEON (TELICA VOLCANO DESTROYED)". National Geophysical Data Center. May 6, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  39. ↑ "M6.3 - offshore Guerrero, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. May 11, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  40. ↑ "M7.7 - eastern New Guinea region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. May 12, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  41. ↑ "Significant Earthquake PAPUA NEW GUINEA". National Geophysical Data Center. May 12, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Significant Earthquake CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE". National Geophysical Data Center. May 14, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  43. ↑ "M7.7 - Makassar Strait, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. May 19, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Significant Earthquake INDONESIA: SULAWESI ISLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. May 19, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  45. ↑ "Tsunami Event MAKASSAR STRAIT". National Geophysical Data Center. May 19, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  46. ↑ "M7.7 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  47. ↑ "M7.1 - Luzon, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. May 23, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  48. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. May 28, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  49. ↑ "Tsunami Event E. HOKKAIDO ISLAND". National Geophysical Data Center. May 28, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  50. ↑ "M7.1 - Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia". United States Geological Survey. May 30, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  51. ↑ "M6.9 - Buru, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. June 9, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  52. ↑ "M7.7 - southwestern Ryukyu Islands, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 10, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  53. ↑ "Tsunami Event RYUKYU ISLANDS". National Geophysical Data Center. June 10, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  54. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 15, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  55. ↑ "M7.5 - Ryukyu Islands, Japan". United States Geological Survey. June 16, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  56. ↑ "M6.8 - Kyrgyzstan". United States Geological Survey. June 20, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  57. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 23, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  58. ↑ "M6.6 - Vanuatu". United States Geological Survey. June 23, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  59. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. June 28, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  60. ↑ "Significant Earthquake MEXICO: TELOLOAPAN". National Geophysical Data Center. June 28, 1938. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  61. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 5, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  62. ↑ "M6.5 - southeast of the Loyalty Islands". United States Geological Survey. July 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  63. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  64. ↑ "M6.6 - off the coast of Jalisco, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. July 22, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  65. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 23, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  66. ↑ "M6.5 - Kepulauan Batu, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. July 29, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  67. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. July 31, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  68. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. August 4, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  69. ↑ "M7.0 - Myanmar-India border region". United States Geological Survey. August 16, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  70. ↑ "M6.1 - southern Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. August 18, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  71. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. August 24, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  72. ↑ "M6.4 - southwest of Sumatra, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. August 25, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  73. ↑ "M7.0 - Samar, Philippines". United States Geological Survey. August 29, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  74. ↑ "M6.6 - near the north coast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. August 30, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  75. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. August 31, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  76. ↑ "M7.2 - Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. September 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  77. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  78. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. September 18, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  79. ↑ "M6.5 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. September 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  80. ↑ "M6.4 - Ethiopia". United States Geological Survey. September 27, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  81. ↑ "M6.3 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. September 27, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  82. ↑ "M7.3 - Molucca Sea". United States Geological Survey. October 10, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  83. ↑ "M6.2 - Molucca Sea". United States Geological Survey. October 11, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  84. ↑ "M6.5 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. October 12, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  85. ↑ "M6.5 - Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. October 13, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  86. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 17, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  87. ↑ "M7.1 - Russia-Mongolia border region". United States Geological Survey. October 19, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  88. ↑ "M7.3 - Savu Sea". United States Geological Survey. October 20, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  89. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  90. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 23, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  91. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. October 29, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  92. ↑ "M7.8 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  93. ↑ "Significant Earthquake JAPAN: NEAR E COAST HONSHU". National Geophysical Data Center. November 5, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  94. ↑ "M7.7 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 5, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  95. ↑ "M7.7 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  96. ↑ "M7.6 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  97. ↑ "M6.5 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  98. ↑ "M6.5 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  99. ↑ "M6.8 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 9, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  100. ↑ "M8.3 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 10, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  101. ↑ "M6.6 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 11, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  102. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 13, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  103. ↑ "M6.9 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 13, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  104. ↑ "M6.4 - New Britain region, Papua New Guinea". United States Geological Survey. November 14, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  105. ↑ "M6.9 - Alaska Peninsula". United States Geological Survey. November 17, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  106. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 18, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  107. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. November 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  108. ↑ "M6.8 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 22, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  109. ↑ "M6.8 - off the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. November 30, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  110. ↑ "M6.8 - Taiwan region". United States Geological Survey. December 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  111. ↑ "Significant Earthquake TAIWAN". National Geophysical Data Center. December 6, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  112. ↑ "M6.6 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. December 7, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  113. ↑ "M6.4 - Kodiak Island region, Alaska". United States Geological Survey. December 9, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  114. ↑ "M7.0 - South Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. December 16, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  115. ↑ "M6.6 - off the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand". United States Geological Survey. December 16, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  116. ↑ "M6.6 - western Mongolia". United States Geological Survey. December 17, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  117. ↑ "M6.3 - Sumbawa region, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. December 21, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  118. ↑ "On-Line Bulletin". International Seismological Centre. December 30, 1938. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
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