List of demonyms for U.S. states and territories
This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states and territories of the United States.
List
State, district or territory | Official (recommended by U.S. GPO)[1] |
Official, unofficial, or informal alternatives |
---|---|---|
Alabamian | Alabaman[2][3] | |
Alaskan | ||
American Samoan | ||
Arizonan | Sand Cutter[4] | |
Arkansan | Arkansawyer,[5] Arkie[6] | |
Californian | Californio (archaic) | |
Coloradan | Coloradoan (archaic)[7][8] | |
Connecticuter | Connecticotian,[9] Connecticutensian,[9] Nutmeg,[9] Nutmegger[9] | |
Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken,[10] Muskrat[10] | |
Washingtonian | ||
Floridian | Alligator,[11] Cracker,[12] Fly-Up-the-Creek[11] | |
Georgian | Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber[13] | |
Guamanian | ||
Hawaiian | Islander,[14] Kama'aina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[15] | |
Idahoan | Fortune Seekers[16] | |
Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[17] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[18] | |
Hoosier | Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016)[1] | |
Iowan | Hawkeye[19] | |
Kansan | Sunflower, Jayhawker, Grasshopper[20] | |
Kentuckian | Corncracker[21] | |
Louisianian | ||
Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster,[22] Mainiac,[23] | |
Marylander | ||
Massachusettsan | Bay Stater (official term used by state government),[24] Massachusettsian,[25] Massachusite,[26][27] Masshole (derogatory[28] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[29]) | |
Michigander | Michigander,[30] Wolverine,[31][32] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[33] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[33] | |
Minnesotan | Gopher | |
Mississippian | ||
Missourian | ||
Montanan | ||
Nebraskan | Bugeaters or Cornhuskers [34] | |
Nevadan | ||
New Hampshirite | New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman[35] | |
New Jerseyan | Jerseyite, New Jerseyite | |
New Mexican | Spanish: Neomexicano, Neomejicano[36] | |
New Yorker | Knickerbocker[37][38] | |
North Carolinian | Tar Heel, Tar Boiler,[39] | |
North Dakotan | ||
Mariana Islander | ||
Ohioan | Buckeye,[40] Ohian (obsolete)[41] | |
Oklahoman | Okie,[42] Sooner[43] | |
Oregonian | ||
Pennsylvanian | Pennamite,[44] Keystoner | |
Puerto Rican | Boricua[45] | |
Rhode Islander | Rhodean, Swamp Yankee[46] | |
South Carolinian | Sandlapper[47] | |
South Dakotan | ||
Tennessean | Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[48] | |
Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[49] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic) | |
Utahn | Utahan | |
Vermonter | ||
Virginian | ||
Virgin Islander | ||
Washingtonian | ||
West Virginian | ||
Wisconsinite | Badger,[50] Cheesehead[51][52] | |
Wyomingite | Wyomese[53] |
† - Not officially a U.S. state, rather a U.S. territory or district.
See also
- Demonym
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Cuba
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
- List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
- List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
References
- 1 2 U.S. Government Publishing Office Style Manual. 2016. §5.23.
- ↑ Safire, William (June 26, 1994). "On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama". The New York Times. Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
- ↑ "The State of Alabama". Netstate.
- ↑ "The State of Arizona - An Introduction to the Grand Canyon State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
- ↑ "Ar•kie". Dictionary.infoplease.com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ Writers Style Guide. Colorado State University. p. 62,. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan).
- ↑ Quillen, Ed (March 18, 2007). "Coloradan or Coloradoan?". The Denver Post.
- 1 2 3 4 "The State of Connecticut - An Introduction to the Constitution State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- 1 2 "The State of Delaware - An Introduction to the First State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- 1 2 "The State of Florida". Netstate.
- ↑ "'Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'". Mediaite. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
- ↑ "The State of Georgia". Netstate. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ↑ "The State of Hawaii - An Introduction to the Aloha State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ Christian, Darrel; Jacobsen, Sally A.; Minthorn, David, eds. (2013). The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 112. ISBN 9780465082995.
- ↑ "The State of Idaho". Netstate.
- ↑ Jim Fitzgerald (1987-10-06). "A Friend Escapes To Illinois . . . And Now Is A Flatlander!". ChicagoTribune.com.
- ↑ "The State of Illinois - An Introduction to the Prairie State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "The State of Iowa". Netstate.com.
- ↑ "The State of Kansas - An Introduction to the Sunflower State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ Corncracker - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ↑ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007. New York: World Almanac Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0-88687-995-2.
- ↑ "Mainiac". Time. June 20, 1938. (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
- ↑ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2008-02-29. : "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/06/magazine/on-language.html
- ↑ Collections. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. 1877. p. 435.
- ↑ Jones, Thomas (1879). DeLancey, Edward Floyd, ed. History of New York During the Revolutionary War. New York: New York Historical Society. p. 465.
- ↑ Nagy, Naomi; Irwin, Patricia (July 2010). "Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)". Language Variation and Change. 22 (2): 270.
- ↑ "'Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary". masslive.com. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ↑ "The State of Michigan - An Introduction to the Great Lakes State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ Marckwardt, Albert H. (1952). "Wolverine and Michigander". Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review. LVIII: 203–8.
- ↑ Sperber, Hans (February 1954). "Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander". American Speech. 29 (1): 21–7. doi:10.2307/453592.
- 1 2 "MDE - Michigan Glossary". Michigan.gov. 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "Football Players to Eat Corn, Not Bugs". History Nebraska. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
- ↑ "The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from". Netstate.Com. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ Neomexicano definition by Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española)
- ↑ Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ↑ New York Knicks, What's a Knickerbocker?
- ↑ Powell, William S. (March 1982). "What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels". Tar Heel. Tar Heel Magazine, Inc. OCLC 005457348. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ↑ "The State of Ohio - An Introduction to the Buckeye State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ohian. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ Stewart, Roy P. (December 20, 1968). "Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 9, col. 2.
Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: 'Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night.' Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
- ↑ "The State of Oklahoma - An Introduction to the Sooner State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "History of". Luzerne County. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico". Retrieved 2015-09-02.
- ↑ "The Providence Journal | Rhode Island breaking news, sports, politics, business, entertainment, weather and traffic - providencejournal.com - Providence Journal". Projo.com. 2012-07-17. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ http://www.sciway.net/hist/sandlapper.html
- ↑ "The State of Tennessee - An Introduction to the Volunteer State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
- ↑ de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn. Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 79. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
- ↑ "Do You Want to Be a Badger?". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
- ↑ Kapler, Joseph, Jr. (Spring 2002). On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?. Wisconsin Historical Society. pp. 18–31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ↑ Foamation: About Us. Foamation. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ↑ "Chicago Daily Tribune". 1903-06-02. Archived from the original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
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