List of Latin place names in Britain

Latin Place Names
by country
Africa
Asia
Europe
by type
Cities
Countries
Islands
Lakes
Mountains
Regions
Rivers

This list includes places in Great Britain (including neighbouring islands such as the Isle of Man), some of which were part of the Roman Empire, or were later given Latin place names in historical references.

Background

Until the Modern Era, Latin was the common language for scholarship and mapmaking. During the 19th and 20th centuries, German scholars in particular have made significant contributions to the study of historical place names, or Ortsnamenkunde. These studies have, in turn, contributed to the study of genealogy. For genealogists and historians of pre-Modern Europe, knowing alternative names of places is vital to extracting information from both public and private records. Even specialists in this field point out, however, that the information can be easily taken out of context, since there is a great deal of repetition of place names throughout Europe; reliance purely on apparent connections should therefore be tempered with valid historical methodology.

Caveats and notes

Latin place names are not always exclusive to one place — for example, there were several Roman cities whose names began with Colonia and then a more descriptive term. During the Middle Ages, these were often shortened to just Colonia. One of these, Colonia Agrippinensis, retains the name today in the form of Cologne (from French, German Köln).

Early sources for Roman names show numerous variants and spellings of the Latin names.

The modern canonical name is listed first. Sources are listed chronologically. In general, only the earliest source is shown for each name, although many of the names are recorded in more than one of the sources. Where the source differs in spelling, or has other alternatives, these are listed following the source. As an aid to searching, variants are spelled completely, and listed in most likely chronology.

Superscripts indicate:

  1. Latinized form of the Greek-derived name.
  2. Latinized form of the Asian-derived name via Greek.
  3. Altered Latinized form of the Greek-derived name.

'?' probably historical mistake

Cities and towns in England

Roman Britain in 400 AD
Canonical Latin Name (source(s): variant(s))English Name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s)
Aquae ArnemetiaeBuxton
Aquae SulisBath
BremetennacumRibchester
CamulodunumColchester
Cantabrigia (medieval Latinisation)Cambridge
CataractoniumCatterick
Coria, CorspitiumCorbridge
CoriniumCirencester
DevaChester
Dunelmum[1]Durham
DurnovariaDorchester
DurocobrivisDunstable
Durovernum Cantiacorum, CantuariaCanterbury
EboracumYork
GlevumGloucester
Isca DumnoniorumExeter
Isurium BrigantumAldborough
LindinisIlchester
Lindum ColoniaLincoln
LondiniumLondon
LondoniaLondon
LuguvaliumCarlisle
Mamucium, Mancunium[2]Manchester
Noviomagus ReginorumChichester
Oxonium, OxoniaOxford
PetuariaBrough
Pons AeliusNewcastle upon Tyne
Ratae CorieltauvorumLeicester
Venta BelgarumWinchester
VerulamiumSt Albans
Viroconium CornoviorumWroxeter

Cities and towns in Scotland

Canonical Latin name (source(s): variant(s))English name (native language(s)) – older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s)
Andreanae (HLU:[3] Kirkruel?,[4] Reguli Fanum, Andreopolis; GOL:[5] Sanctae Andreae Coenobium), Kirkrule, KilruleSt Andrews
Devana (2PG2;[6] HLU:[3] Aberdonia, Aberdona, Verniconam; GOL:[5] Aberdonum, Aberdonium, Abredonia), DevanhaAberdeen
Dunedinum (BSH:[7] Edinburgum, Edinum; GOL:[5] Edimburgum, Edenburgum, Alata castra, Alatius burgus, Aneda, Puellarum castra)Edinburgh
Glascouium (GOL:[5] Glascovia, Glascum, Glascua, Glasgua)Glasgow
TrimontiumNewstead

Cities and towns in Wales

Canonical Latin name (source(s): variant(s))English name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s)
AlabumLlandovery
Bangertium[5]Bangor
Blestium, MonemutaMonmouth
BoviumCowbridge (disputed)
BurriumUsk
CambriaWales
CanoviumCaerhun
Castra DivaChester
CicutioPumsaint
GobanniumAbergavenny
Isca Silurum (AI:[8] Isca, Iscae; RC:[9] Isca Augusta; GOL:[5] Isca Legio), Castra LegionisCaerleon
MoridunumCarmarthen
MediomanumCaersws
NidumNeath
Segontium (AI:[8] Segontio; RC:[9] Seguntio; GOL:[5] Seguntium)Caernarfon
Venta SilurumCaerwent

Island names

Canonical Latin name (source(s): variant(s))English name (native language(s)) - older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s)
Malaeus[10]Mull
Mona[10]Anglesey
Monaoeda[10]Isle of Man
Orcades[6]Orkney
Scetis[6]Skye
Taniatide[9]Thanet
Vectis[6]Isle of Wight
Caesar[10]Jersey

Region or country names

Canonical Latin name (source(s): variant(s))English name (native language(s)) – older name(s), (other language(s)), location(s)
Albion[6][11]Great Britain
AngliaEngland
Britannia[6][11]Great Britain
Caledonia[6][11]Scotland
CambriaWales
CornubiaCornwall
Hibernia[10]Ireland
Orientalium AnglorumEast Anglia
ScotiaScotland, and formerly Ireland
Salopia Shropshire

See also

References

  1. ↑ Also other spellings
  2. ↑ "Mancunium" derives from an early misspelling of the Roman name.
  3. 1 2 HLU: Hofmann, Johann Jacob (1635–1706): Lexicon Universale
  4. ↑ '?' probably historical mistake
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 GOL: The standard reference to Latin placenames, with their modern equivalents, is Dr. J. G. Th. Grässe, Orbis Latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit (1861), an exhaustive work of meticulous German scholarship that is available on-line in the second edition of 1909. To use it, one must understand German names of countries, as they were in 1909. The original was re-edited and expanded in a multi-volume edition in 1972.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2PG2: Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus), Geographia; book "PG" chapter (that is, "2PG2" instead of the usual "II.2"). Ptolemy wrote in Greek, so names are transliterated back into Latin to reveal the original form.
  7. ↑ BSH: Buchanan, George (1506–1582): Rerum Scoticarum Historia (1582)
  8. 1 2 AI: Antonine Itinerary
  9. 1 2 3 RC: Ravenna Cosmography, Ravennatis Anonymi Cosmographia
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 2PG1: Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus), Geographia; book "PG" chapter (that is, "2PG1" instead of the usual "II.1"). Ptolemy wrote in Greek, so names are transliterated back into Latin to reveal the original form
  11. 1 2 3 Tacitus (Gaius Cornelius Tacitus), Agricola

Sources

In order of likely publication:

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.