European Union statistics

Statistics in the European Union are collected by Eurostat (European statistics body).

Area and population

EU population cartogram

As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people.[1] Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades,[2] though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 80.4 million people. France and Ireland have the highest birth-rates.[3] The most densely populated country is the island of Malta, which is also the smallest, while the largest in area is France. The least densely populated country is Finland.

Population figures in the table below are from 2006 or 2007 estimates. The highest and lowest figures in each column have been marked in bold.

Member StatePopulation
in millions
Population
% of EU
Area
km2
Area
% of EU
Pop. density
People/km2
 European Union 494.8 100% 4,422,773 100% 112
 Austria 8.3 1.7% 83,858 1.9% 99
 Belgium 10.5 2.1% 30,510 0.7% 344
 Bulgaria 7.7 1.6% 110,912 2.5% 70
 Croatia 4.3 0.9% 56,594 1.3% 75.8
 Cyprus 0.8 0.2% 9,250 0.2% 84
 Czech Republic 10.3 2.1% 78,866 1.8% 131
 Denmark 5.4 1.1% 43,094 1.0% 126
 Estonia 1.3 0.3% 45,226 1.0% 29
 Finland 5.3 1.1% 337,030 7.6% 16
 France[4] 65.03 13.% 643,548 14.6% 111
 Germany 80.4 16.6% 357,021 8.1% 225
 Greece 11.1 2.2% 131,940 3.0% 84
 Hungary 10.1 2.0% 93,030 2.1% 108
 Ireland 4.6 0.9% 70,280 1.6% 60
 Italy 58.8 11.9% 301,320 6.8% 195
 Latvia 2.3 0.5% 64,589 1.5% 35
 Lithuania 3.4 0.7% 65,200 1.5% 45
 Luxembourg 0.5 0.1% 2,586 0.1% 181
 Malta 0.4 0.1% 316 0.0007% 1,261
 Netherlands 17 3.3% 41,526 0.9% 394
 Poland 38.1 7.7% 312,685 7.1% 122
 Portugal 10.6 2.1% 92,931 2.1% 114
 Romania 21.6 4.4% 238,391 5.4% 91
 Spain 44.7 9.0% 504,782 11.4% 87
 Slovakia 5.4 1.1% 48,845 1.1% 111
 Slovenia 2.0 0.4% 20,253 0.5% 99
 Sweden 10 1.8% 449,964 10.2% 20
 United Kingdom 64.7 12.3% 244,820 5.5% 246

Economy

For statistics relating to economy, please see Economy of the European Union.

EU budget

The primary resource for funding the European Union is the contributions sought from member states. Each member state contributes to the EU budget, and receives funding back from the EU, depending on the relative wealth of the states, i.e. their ability to pay.

The table below shows the contributions as a percentage of the total budget. This takes into account the special considerations given to the United Kingdom to reduce its contribution through a rebate. Expenditure in Luxembourg, Belgium and France include items for the EU administrative centres in each of those countries.

Member State Total contribution
in Euro
Total contribution
as % of total EU budget
Total expenditure
year 2006 in Euro
Total expenditure
as % of total EU budget
Net contribution
in Euro
Net contribution
in Euro per capita
Total contribution
in Euro per capita
 European Union 105,259,468,772100.00%106,575,500,000100.00%-1,316,031,228-3213
 Germany 22,218,438,94121.11%12,242,400,00011.49%9,976,038,941124276
 France 17,303,107,85916.44%13,496,200,00012.66%3,806,907,85959266
 Italy 14,359,479,15713.64%10,922,300,00010.25%3,437,179,15758244
 United Kingdom 13,739,900,04613.05%8,294,200,0007.78%5,445,700,04690226
 Spain 8,957,286,4888.51%12,883,000,00012.09%-3,925,713,512-88200
 Netherlands 5,552,933,7815.28%2,190,400,0002.06%3,362,533,781198327
 Belgium 4,035,286,8073.83%5,625,100,0005.28%-1,589,813,193-151384
 Sweden 2,832,862,8002.69%1,573,400,0001.48%1,259,462,800126283
 Austria 2,308,432,0302.19%1,830,100,0001.72%478,332,03058278
 Denmark 2,130,860,2122.02%1,501,900,0001.41%628,960,212116395
 Poland 2,099,087,1141.99%5,305,600,0004.98%-3,206,512,886-8455
 Greece 1,882,611,8791.79%6,833,700,0006.41%-4,951,088,121-446170
 Finland 1,544,832,2841.47%1,280,400,0001.20%264,432,28450291
 Portugal 1,443,049,6021.37%3,634,800,0003.41%-2,191,750,398-207136
 Ireland 1,341,281,3131.27%2,461,800,0002.31%-1,120,518,687-244292
 Hungary 1,003,119,4110.95%1,842,200,0001.73%-839,080,589-8399
 Czech Republic 932,392,8590.89%1,330,000,0001.25%-397,607,141-3991
 Slovakia 393,148,7770.37%696,200,0000.65%-303,051,223-5673
 Slovenia 299,993,5720.29%406,000,0000.38%-106,006,428-53150
 Luxembourg 241,439,0110.23%1,194,800,0001.12%-953,360,989-1,907483
 Lithuania 221,997,4050.21%799,800,0000.75%-577,802,595-17065
 Cyprus 144,556,4160.14%239,600,0000.22%-95,043,584-119181
 Latvia 115,205,4310.11%402,600,0000.24%-287,394,569-12550
 Estonia 100,756,3080.10%300,000,0000.28%-199,243,692-14272
 Malta 57,409,2690.05%157,000,0000.14%-99,590,731-249144
 Bulgaria 360,600,0000.34%-360,600,000-47
 Romania 693,100,0000.65%-693,100,000-32

There are many indices available on issues such as corruption, development, and freedom.

Freedom of the press

EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
1 Finland1
2 Netherlands2
3 Luxembourg4
4 Denmark6
5 Sweden10
6 Estonia11
7 Austria12
8 Ireland15
9 Czech Republic16
10 Germany17
11 Belgium21
12 Poland22
13 Slovakia23
14 Cyprus24
EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
15 Portugal28
16 United Kingdom29
17 Lithuania33
18 Slovenia35
19 Spain36
20 France37
21 Latvia39
22 Romania42
23 Malta45
24 Hungary56
25 Italy57
26 Greece84
27 Bulgaria87

Reporters sans frontières conducts an annual survey on the freedom of the press and produces scores (not shown here) for each country. In 2013, Finland was proclaimed as having the freest press in the European Union, and indeed the world, with a score of 6.38. Bulgaria was ranked as having the least free press in the European Union, with a score of 28.58.

Economic freedom

EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
1 Denmark9
2 Ireland11
3 Estonia13
4 United Kingdom14
5 Luxembourg15
6 Finland16
7 Netherlands17
8 Sweden18
9 Germany19
10 Lithuania22
11 Austria25
12 Czech Republic29
13 Belgium40
14 Cyprus41
EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
15 Slovakia42
16 Spain46
17 Hungary47
18 Malta48
19 Latvia55
20 Poland57
21 Romania59
22 Bulgaria60
23 France62
24 Portugal67
25 Slovenia76
26 Italy83
27 Greece117

An index of Economic Freedom is produced by the Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation. It uses 50 different variables to compile the survey, in areas such as trade policy and government intervention.

A similar index produced by the World Economic Forum is its Global Competitiveness Index.

Source: 2013 Index of Economic Freedom.

Colour Codes
Free
Mostly Free
Moderately Free
Mostly Unfree

Perception of corruption

EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
1 Denmark=1
2 Finland3
3 Sweden4
4 Netherlands8
5 Germany10
= Luxembourg=10
= United Kingdom=10
8 Belgium=15
9 Austria17
10 Ireland19
11 Estonia22
12 France23
13 Portugal=29
= Poland=29
EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
15 Slovenia=31
16 Lithuania=38
17 Spain=41
18 Latvia44
19 Cyprus=47
= Czech Republic=47
= Malta=47
22 Slovakia54
23 Croatia=55
24 Hungary=57
= Romania=57
26 Italy=60
27 Greece69
28 Bulgaria=75

Transparency International is an international NGO publishing an annual Global Corruption Report indicating the perception of corruption around the world. The rankings of the table refer to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2013 .

Human development

EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
1 Netherlands4
2 Germany6
3 Denmark10
4 Ireland11
5 Sweden12
6 United Kingdom14
7 France20
8 Austria=21
= Belgium=21
= Luxembourg=21
11 Finland24
12 Slovenia25
13 Italy26
14 Spain27
EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
15 Czech Republic28
16 Greece29
17 Cyprus32
18 Estonia33
19 Lithuania=35
20 Poland=35
21 Slovakia37
22 Malta39
23 Portugal41
24 Hungary43
25 Croatia47
26 Latvia48
27 Romania54
28 Bulgaria58

The Human Development Index is a measure produced by the United Nations which covers three aspects of human development:

  • poverty (GDP per capita)
  • education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling)
  • health (life expectancy)

The rankings of the table refer to the UNDP Human Development Report 2014 (2013 data). The UN lists all EU member states except Romania and Bulgaria as countries with very high human development.

Income equality

EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
1 Denmark2
2 Sweden4
3 Czech Republic5
4 Slovakia6
5 Hungary10
= Finland10
7 Germany14
8 Slovenia15
9 Austria18
10 Bulgaria19
11 Netherlands25
12 Romania26
EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
13 France32
14 Belgium33
15 Ireland40
= Greece40
17 Poland44
18 Spain47
19 Estonia50
20 Lithuania51
= Italy51
= United Kingdom51
23 Latvia57
24 Portugal59

Income inequality, measured by the gini coefficient is how evenly incomes are distributed through the population. Denmark has the least income inequality with a gini coefficient score of 24.4, whilst Portugal has the most income inequality with a score of 38.5. Malta, Luxembourg, and Cyprus have no statistics available, and so are not included in this table. These statistics have been compiled by the United Nations (see )

Ease of doing business

EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
1 Denmark3
2 United Kingdom7
3 Sweden9
4 Estonia12
5 Finland13
6 Latvia14
7 Germany17
8 Ireland18
9 Austria19
10 Lithuania21
11 Poland24
12 Portugal25
13 Czech Republic27
14 Netherlands28
EU
Rank
Member StateGlobal
Rank
15 France29
16 Slovenia30
17 Spain32
18 Slovakia33
19 Romania36
20 Bulgaria39
21 Hungary41
22 Belgium42
23 Croatia43
24 Cyprus45
25 Italy50
26 Luxembourg59
27 Greece61
28 Malta76

The Ease of Doing Business Index is created by the World Bank and based on the study of laws and regulations, with the input and verification by more than 3,500 government officials, lawyers, business consultants, accountants and other professionals who routinely advise on or administer legal and regulatory requirements.

The data in the table are from the 2017 report.[5]

See also

References

  1. "Total Population as of 01.01.06 Archived 6 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine.", EUROSTAT. Retrieved 12 November 2006.
  2. "The EU's baby blues", BBC News, 27 March 2006. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
  3. "France claims EU fertility crown ", BBC News, 16 January 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  4. Figures for France include the four overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion) which are integral parts of the European Union, but do not include the overseas collectivities and territories, which are not part of the European Union. Figures for Metropolitan France proper are: population 63.6 million, area 551 695 km², and population density 113/km².
  5. http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings/
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