Julis

Julis
  • ג'וּלִס, ג'וליס‬‎
  • جولس‎
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259 Ǧúlis
Julis
Coordinates: 32°56′39″N 35°11′9″E / 32.94417°N 35.18583°E / 32.94417; 35.18583Coordinates: 32°56′39″N 35°11′9″E / 32.94417°N 35.18583°E / 32.94417; 35.18583
Grid position 167/260 PAL
District Northern
Government
 • Type Local council (from 1967)
 • Head of Municipality Salman Amar[1]
Area
 • Total 3,970 dunams (3.97 km2 or 1.53 sq mi)
Population (2017)[2]
 • Total 6,273
 • Density 1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi)

Julis (Arabic: جولس‎, Hebrew: ג'וּלִס‬)[3] is a Druze village and local council in the Northern District of Israel. In 2017 it had a population of 6,273.[2]

Etymology

According to local legend, the name is derived from "Julius," the name of a Roman commander who camped in the area. Others say it is from the Arabic word for "sitting" - "jalis", as it is located on lower hills than the surrounding villages, and thus seems to be sitting.

History

Ottoman era

According to the 1596 Ottoman tax records Julis had a predominantly Muslim (Druze?) population, with a total of 79 households. The taxable produce comprised wheat, barley, "summer crops", fruit trees, and "goats and bees". Julis also had a press for olive oil or grape syrup. Total taxes were 7,047 akçe.[4] During the 16th century there was also a small Jewish population.[5]

In the early part of the 18th century Julis was one of the major cotton producing villages in the area.[6] Later in the same century it was one of five villages in nahiya ("subdistrict") Sahil Akka (Acre coast), which were owned directly by the governor of Acre, and were exempt from the usual Ottoman taxes.[7]

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as Gioules.[8]

In 1875, the French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he called Djoules.[9] He noted that "before arriving at Julis I came upon a small plateau pierced by many cisterns. The cisterns and the cut stones which are built up in the modern houses show that the place is the site of an ancient town or village. On a neighbouring hill a waly is consecrated to the Sheikh Aly.'"[10] In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Julis as "a village built of stone containing about 200 Druzes, surrounded by olives and arable land."[11]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Julis had 360 inhabitants; all Druze.[12]

British rule

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jules had a total population of 446 residents; 442 Druzes, 3 Christians and 1 Muslim.[13] All the Christians were Orthodox.[14] In the 1931 census it had increased to a population of 614; 586 Druse, 26 Christians, and 2 Muslims, in a total of 123 houses.[15]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Julis was 820; 40 Christians and 780 classified as others,(i.e. Druze),[16] and the total land area was 14,708 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[17] Of this, 1,347 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 6,568 used for cereals,[18] while 63 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[19]

State of Israel

Grave of Sheikh Ali Fares, Julis

Julis was captured by the Israeli army during Operation Dekel, 8–14 July 1948. Unlike many of the neighboring villages the inhabitants remained in their homes.[20]

In 1967, Julis achieved local council status. The head of the council was Salman Hino. At the end of 2007, the town had 5,400 residents.[21] The annual population growth rate was 1.8%. The residents are Druze.

In 2000, a high percentage (72.1%, compared to 60.3% in Tel Aviv) of all high school students received a matriculation certificate. The mean income was NIS 5,067 per month (2007), compared to a national average of NIS 6,743.

Landmarks

  • Druze Center House[22]
  • Maqam Shaykh al-Farsi - This is located to the south of the old village, consisting of two older buildings and a domed one. In an open area there are two cenotaphs with inscriptions which record the life of Shaykh al-Farsi. His date of death is given as 1167 H (1753-1754 C.E.).[23] According to an inscription, ahe construction of the maqam (shrine) started in August, 1754.[24]
  • Sheik Ali Faris cave - Located about 2 kilometers North-East of Julis. In this cave Sheik Ali Faris resided and did his contemplation.

Notable residents

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mayor of Julis shoots contractor in argument
  2. 1 2 "List of localities, in Alphabetical order" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  3. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p.43
  4. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 191. Quoted in Petersen, 2001, p. 191, For Hütteroth and Abdulfattah typo, see Talk:Julis
  5. ↑ Alex Carmel, Peter Schäfer and Yossi Ben-Artzi (1990). The Jewish Settlement in Palestine, 634–1881. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients : Reihe B, Geisteswissenschaften; Nr. 88. Wiesbaden: Reichert. p. 94.
  6. ↑ Cohen, 1973, p. 12. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p.191
  7. ↑ Cohen, 1973, pp. 126, 133. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 191
  8. ↑ Karmon, 1960, p. 162
  9. ↑ Guérin, 1880, p. 8
  10. ↑ Guérin, 1880, p. 8, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 169
  11. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 146. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. 191
  12. ↑ Schumacher, 1888, p. 173
  13. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  14. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
  15. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 101
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4
  17. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40
  18. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130
  20. ↑ Morris, 1987, p. 198
  21. ↑ "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 1,000 Residents and Other Rural Population" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
  22. ↑ The Druze Center House - Hebrew Website
  23. ↑ Petersen, 2001, p.191
  24. ↑ Sharon, 2016, pp. 208-210

Bibliography

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Cohen, Amnon (1973). Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University. ISBN 1-59045-955-5. Cited in Petersen, (2001)
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2. Cited in Petersen, 2001.
  • Karmon, Y. (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine" (PDF). Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (1987). The Birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33028-9.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Petersen, Andrew (2001). A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology). 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-727011-0.
  • Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
  • Sharon, M. (2016). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, J (I). 6. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-32479-8.
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