Fort Washington (Manhattan)

Fort Washington
Layout of Fort Washington from an 1850 book
Location in New York City
Fort Washington (Manhattan) (New York)
Fort Washington (Manhattan) (the US)
Nearest city New York City, New York
Coordinates 40°51′10″N 73°56′17″W / 40.85278°N 73.93806°W / 40.85278; -73.93806Coordinates: 40°51′10″N 73°56′17″W / 40.85278°N 73.93806°W / 40.85278; -73.93806
Built 1776
NRHP reference # 78001871
Added to NRHP December 06, 1978[1]

Fort Washington was a fortified position near the north end of Manhattan Island (now part of the New York City neighborhood of Washington Heights) and was located at the highest point on the island. The Fort Washington Site is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.[1]

Establishment

During George Washington's defense of New York during the American Revolution, Fort Washington and Fort Lee (on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River) were both created to prevent the British from going up river and to provide a secure escape route.[2][3] General Washington realized he would have to defend New York but did not think he could hold it against the British.

Battle of Fort Washington

A View of the Attack against Fort Washington and Rebel Redouts near New York on the 16 of November 1776 by the British and Hessian Brigades
Watercolor by Thomas Davies
Tablet commemorating the location of Fort Washington
The site of Fort Washington in Bennett Park as it appeared 2011

Fort Washington was held by American forces under the command of Colonel Robert Magaw, who refused to surrender the fort to the British. He informed the British that he would fight to the last extremity.

In the Battle of Fort Washington, British General William Howe ordered the Hessian soldiers under Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen, and other British soldiers, totaling around 8,000 men, to capture the fort from the Patriots. They did so on November 16, 1776, taking 2,818 prisoners and a large store of supplies. The British renamed it Fort Knyphausen.[4]

The English had been materially assisted by one of Magaw's officers, William Demont, who on November 2 had deserted and furnished Howe with detailed plans of the American works. The American losses were 53 killed and 96 wounded in addition to the rest of the garrison taken prisoner. The British and Hessian troops suffered 132 killed and 374 wounded. 2838 American troops were taken prisoner and marched through the streets of New York to the jeering and mockery of the pro-British populace. Most of the prisoners were interned in British ships in New York harbor, where they were deliberately starved , or died of disease and cold in the bitter winter. At the exchange a year later, only 800 had survived.[5]

At this battle was Margaret Corbin of Virginia, who is recognized as the first female soldier to fight in the American Army. Married to John Corbin of the First Company of the Pennsylvania Artillery, Margaret cleaned, loaded and fired her husband’s cannon when he was killed during the assault on Fort Washington. Although severely injured, Margaret survived the battle but never fully recovered from her wounds, leaving her unable to use her left arm. She is at least one of the candidates as the woman, or women, who inspired the legend of Molly Pitcher.

The site today

The site of Fort Washington is now Bennett Park on Fort Washington Ave. between West 183rd and West 185th streets in the neighborhood of the Washington Heights section of New York City. The locations of the fort's walls are marked in the park by stones, along with an inscription. Nearby is a tablet indicating that the schist outcropping is the highest natural point on Manhattan Island, one of the reasons for the fort's location. Bennett Park is located a few blocks north of the George Washington Bridge. Along the banks of the Hudson River below the Henry Hudson Parkway is Fort Washington Park and the small point of land alternately called Jeffrey's Hook or Fort Washington Point, which is the site of the Little Red Lighthouse.

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 National Park Service (2008-04-15). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ↑ McCullough, David. 1776. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. ISBN 0-7432-2671-2
  3. ↑ Nelson, Paul David. "Lee, Charles". American National Biography
  4. ↑ Jenkins, Stephen. The Greatest Street in the World: The Story of Broadway, Old and New, from the Bowling Green to Albany. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1911. p326.
  5. ↑ http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/AmRev1776/p/American-Revolution-Battle-Of-Fort-Washington.htm

Further reading

  • De Lancey, The Capture of Fort Washington, the Result of Treason, (New York, 1877)
  • Dawson, Battles of the United States, (New York, 1858)
  • Carrington, Battles of the American Revolution, (New York, 1876)
  • Fischer, David Hackett (2006). Washington's Crossing. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-518121-2.
  • McCullough, 1776, (New York, 2005)
  • Jenkins, Stephen. "The Greatest Street in the World: The Story of Broadway, Old and New, from the Bowling Green to Albany," p 326. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1911.
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