Demographics of El Salvador

Demographics of El Salvador
Population 6,408,111
Male population 3,026,110
Female population 3,351,248
Population growth 1.68%
Birth rate 25.72/1,000
Death rate 5.53/1,000
Infant mortality rate 22.19/1,000
Life expectancy 73.44 years[1]
Population pyramid 2016

This article is about the demographic features of the population of El Salvador, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

El Salvador's population numbers 6.1 million. Ethnically, 78% of Salvadorans are mixed (mixed Indigenous Native American and European Spanish origin). Another 12% is of pure European descent, 10% are of pure indigenous descent, 0.16% are Black and others are 0.64%.[2]

Population

El Salvador's population, 1961-2015
Salvadoran troops
Salvadoran baseball players
Salvadoran children dancing traditional colonial music La Unión, El Salvador
Young Salvadoran girls dancing traditional colonial music San Miguel, El Salvador

El Salvador's population was 6,344,722 in 2016,[3] compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010 the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.[4]

Total population
(x 1000)
Proportion
aged 0–14
(%)
Proportion
aged 15–64
(%)
Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 2 20042.753.34.0
1955 2 43343.652.63.8
1960 2 77345.151.13.7
1965 3 24446.350.13.7
1970 3 73646.449.93.6
1975 4 23245.850.53.7
1980 4 66145.250.93.9
1985 5 00444.151.84.2
1990 5 34441.753.74.6
1995 5 74839.655.54.9
2000 5 95938.356.25.5
2005 6 07335.758.16.2
2010 6 21832.161.06.9

Emigration

The migration rate accelerated during the period of 1979 to 1981, this marked the beginning of the civil unrest and the spread of political killings.[5] The total impact of civil wars, dictatorships and socioeconomics drove over a million Salvadorans (both as immigrants and refugees) into the United States; Guatemala is the second country that hosts more Salvadorans behind the United States, approximately 110,000 Salvadorans according to the national census of 2010.[6] in addition small Salvadoran communities sprung up in Canada, Australia, Belize, Panama, Costa Rica, Italy, Taiwan and Sweden since the migration trend began in the early 1970s.[7] The 2010 U.S. Census counted 1,648,968 Salvadorans in the United States, up from 655,165 in 2000.[8]

Ethnic groups

Out of the 6,408,111 people in El Salvador, 78% are Mestizo, 12% are of full European descent, 10% Indigenous, 0.8% Black, and 0.64% other.

Mestizo Salvadorans

Young Salvadoran men from the El Salvador national soccer team
Young Salvadoran women in Ahuachapan

78% of the population are mestizo, having mixed indigenous and European ancestry.[1] In the mestizo population, Salvadorans who are racially European, especially Mediterranean, as well as Afro-Salvadoran, and the indigenous people in El Salvador who do not speak indigenous languages or have and indigenous culture, all identify themselves as being culturally mestizo.[9]

Indigenous Salvadorans

Indigenous Salvadoran woman from Panchimalco
Map of El Salvador's Native American civilizations and their former kingdoms:
  Kingdom of the Lenca people
  Kingdom of the Cacaopera people
  Kingdom of the Xinca people
  Kingdom Maya Poqomam people
  Kingdom of Maya Ch'orti' people
  Kingdom of the Alaguilac people
  Kingdom of the Mixe people
  Kingdom of the Mangue language
  Kingdom of the Pipil people

According to the Salvadoran Government, about 10% of the population are of full or partial indigenous origin. The largest most dominant Native American groups in El Salvador are the Lenca people, Maya peoples: (Poqomam people/Chorti people) and Pipil people followed by small enclaves of Cacaopera people, Xinca people, Alaguilac people, Mixe people, Mangue language people, as well as an Olmec past. (Pipil, located in the west and central part of the country, and Lenca, found east of the Lempa River). There are small populations of Cacaopera people in the Morazán Department and a few Ch'orti' people live in the department of Ahuachapán, near the border of Guatemala.

The number of indigenous people in El Salvador have been criticized by indigenous organizations and academics as too small and accuse the government of denying the existence of indigenous Salvadorans in the country.[10] According to the National Salvadoran Indigenous Coordination Council (CCNIS) and CONCULTURA (National Council for Art and Culture at the Ministry of Education ), approximately 600,000 or 10 per cent of Salvadorian peoples are indigenous.[11] Nonetheless, very few Amerindians have retained their customs and traditions, having over time assimilated into the dominant Mestizo/Spanish culture. The low numbers of indigenous people may be partly explained by historically high rates of old-world diseases, absorption into the mestizo population, as well as mass murder during the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising (or La Matanza) which saw (estimates of) up to 30,000 peasants killed in a short period of time. Many authors note that since La Matanza the indigenous in El Salvador have been very reluctant to describe themselves as such (in census declarations for example) or to wear indigenous dress or be seen to be taking part in any cultural activities or customs that might be understood as indigenous.[12] Departments and cities in the country with notable indigenous populations include Sonsonate (especially Izalco, Nahuizalco, and Santo Domingo), Cacaopera, and Panchimalco, in the department of San Salvador.[11]

White Salvadorans

Salvadoran children
Spaniard conquistador Pedro de Alvarado and his army became the first to settle and establish European colonies in El Salvador in 1524.
Spaniard colonizers began settling in El Salvador and taking native wives, producing a high birth rate of mestizo children which make up today's modern Salvadoran population.

Some 12% of Salvadorans are white. This population is mostly made up of ethnically Spanish people, while there are also Salvadorans of French, German, Swiss, English, Irish, and Italian descent. In northern departments like the Chalatenango Department, it is well known that residents in the area are of pure Spanish descent;[13] settling in the region that is now Chalatenango in the late 18th century.[14] The governor of San Salvador, Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet, ordered families from northern Spain (Galicia and Asturias) to settle the area to compensate for the lack of indigenous people to work the land; it is not uncommon to see people with blond hair, fair skin, and blue or green eyes in municipalities like Dulce Nombre de María, La Palma, and El Pital.

Arab Salvadorans

There is a significant Arab population (of about 100,000);[15] mostly from Palestine (especially from the area of Bethlehem), but also from Lebanon. Salvadorans of Palestinian descent numbered around 70,000 individuals, while Salvadorans of Lebanese descent is around 25,000.[16] There is also a small community of Jews who came to El Salvador from France, Germany, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey.

Pardo Salvadoran

Pardo is the term that was used in colonial El Salvador to describe a tri-racial Afro-Mestizo person of Indigenous, European, and African descent. Afro-Salvadorans are the descendants of the African population that were enslaved and shipped to El Salvador to work in mines in specific regions of El Salvador. They have mixed into and were naturally bred out by the general Mestizo population, which is a combination of a Mestizo majority and the minority of Pardo people, both of whom are racially mixed populations. Thus, there remains no significant extremes of African physiognomy among Salvadorans like there is in the other countries of Central America. A total of only 10,000 African slaves were brought to El Salvador over the span of 75 years, starting around 1548, about 25 years after El Salvador's colonization. El Salvador is the only country in Central America that does not have English Antillean (West Indian) or Garifuna populations of the Caribbean, but instead had older colonial African slaves that came straight from Africa. This is the reason why El Salvador is the only country in Central America not to have a caribbeanized culture, and instead preserved its classical Central America culture.

The World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from The World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[17]

Nationality

  • Noun: Salvadoran(s)
  • Adjective: Salvadoran

Population

Languages

Literacy

  • Total population: 88%
  • Male: 90.4%
  • Female: 86% (2015 est.)

Ethnic groups

Religions

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[4]

Period Live births
per year
Deaths
per year
Natural change
per year
CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total
Life expectancy
males
Life expectancy
females
1950-1955108 00048 00061 00046.720.626.16.3014745.143.446.8
1955-1960125 00046 00078 00047.817.830.06.6013249.347.251.5
1960-1965144 00047 00097 00047.715.532.36.7611953.050.555.7
1965-1970156 00047 000109 00044.813.531.36.4310955.652.658.9
1970-1975168 00049 000119 00042.112.329.85.9510057.053.261.2
1975-1980177 00052 000124 00039.711.827.95.469157.051.962.7
1980-1985174 00055 000119 00036.111.424.74.807756.950.664.2
1985-1990171 00044 000126 00033.08.624.44.205663.157.469.1
1990-1995169 00037 000132 00030.56.823.83.733868.063.372.9
1995-2000161 00038 000123 00027.56.620.93.302769.264.473.9
2000-2005133 00075 00094 00022.06.415.62.602370.265.474.9
2005-2010127 00090 00087 00020.76.514.22.352171.366.575.9
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered data

Salvadoran boy in La Unión, El Salvador
(Nuestros Ángeles de El Salvador) Salvadoran women dancers from San Salvador, El Salvador
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) TFR
1940 1 633 74 637 45.7
1941 1 654 72 376 43.8
1942 1 675 71 414 42.6
1943 1 697 71 554 42.2
1944 1 719 72 590 42.2
1945 1 742 74 660 42.9
1946 1 764 72 04230 99641 046 40.817.623.2
1947 1 788 84 33030 71953 611 47.217.230.0
1948 1 811 80 77030 52750 243 44.616.927.7
1949 1 835 84 83928 33956 500 46.215.430.8
1950 2 200 90 55727 45463 103 41.212.528.7
1951 2 237 93 63429 03064 604 41.813.028.9
1952 2 280 96 80232 42364 379 42.514.228.2
1953 2 327 98 47430 28068 194 42.313.029.3
1954 2 378 102 00931 81070 199 42.913.429.5
1955 2 433 105 04031 15173 889 43.212.830.4
1956 2 491 106 53928 12778 412 42.811.331.5
1957 2 553 114 92932 89382 036 45.012.932.1
1958 2 621 115 15432 83182 323 43.912.531.4
1959 2 694 115 62230 03885 584 42.911.131.8
1960 2 773 121 40328 76892 635 43.810.433.4
1961 2 859 124 87128 47196 400 43.710.033.7
1962 2 951 127 15430 34296 812 43.110.332.8
1963 3 047 133 39529 614103 781 43.89.734.1
1964 3 145 133 07229 496103 576 42.39.432.9
1965 3 244 137 43030 906106 524 42.49.532.8
1966 3 342 137 95030 368107 582 41.39.132.2
1967 3 440 139 95528 957110 998 40.78.432.2
1968 3 537 140 98629 863111 123 39.88.431.4
1969 3 636 142 69933 655109 044 39.29.229.9
1970 3 736 141 47135 094106 377 37.89.428.4
1971 3 836 154 30928 752125 557 40.27.532.7
1972 3 938 153 46432 383121 081 38.98.230.7
1973 4 038 155 63231 865123 767 38.57.930.6
1974 4 137 158 52430 494128 030 38.37.430.9
1975 4 232 159 73131 601128 130 37.77.530.3
1976 4 325 165 82230 826134 996 38.37.131.2
1977 4 414 177 53133 009144 522 40.27.532.7
1978 4 500 172 89730 086142 811 38.46.731.7
1979 4 582 174 18332 936141 247 38.07.230.8
1980 4 661 169 93038 967130 963 36.48.428.1
1981 4 734 163 30537 468125 837 34.57.926.6
1982 4 805 156 79633 284123 512 32.66.925.7
1983 4 872 144 19332 697111 496 29.66.722.9
1984 4 938 142 20228 854113 348 28.85.823.0
1985 5 004 139 51427 225112 289 27.95.422.5
1986 5 069 145 12625 731119 395 28.75.123.6
1987 5 134 148 35527 581120 774 28.95.423.6
1988 5 200 149 29927 774121 525 28.85.423.4
1989 5 269 151 85927 768124 091 28.95.323.6
1990 5 344 148 36028 195120 165 27.85.322.5
1991 5 425 151 21027 066124 144 27.95.022.9
1992 5 511 154 01427 869126 145 27.95.122.9
1993 5 597 168 00038 000130 000 30.06.823.2
1994 5 678 160 77229 407131 365 28.35.223.1
1995 5 748 159 33629 130130 206 27.75.122.7
1996 5 807 163 00728 904134 103 28.15.023.1
1997 5 855 164 14329 118135 025 28.05.023.1
1998 5 895 158 35029 919128 431 26.95.121.8
1999 5 929 153 63628 056125 580 25.94.721.2
2000 5 959 150 17628 154122 022 25.24.720.5
2001 5 985 138 35429 959108 395 23.15.018.1
2002 6 008 129 36327 458101 905 21.54.617.0
2003 6 029 124 47629 37795 099 20.64.915.8
2004 6 050 119 71030 05889 652 19.85.014.8
2005 6 073 112 76930 93381 836 18.65.113.5
2006 6 097 107 11131 45375 658 17.65.212.4
2007 6 123 106 47131 34975 122 17.45.112.3
2008 6 152 111 27831 59479 684 18.15.113.0
2009 6 183 107 88032 87275 008 17.55.312.2
2010 6 218 104 93932 58672 353 17.05.311.7
2011 6 256 109 38433 21176 173 17.65.312.3
2012 110 84332 14878 695 17.75.112.62.3
2013 109 61734 21275 405 17.45.412.02.2
2014 108 90337 46171 442 17.25.911.3
2015 109 617 17.0

[19]

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (12.05.2007) (Census):

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 2 719 371 3 024 742 5 744 113 100
0-4 283 272 272 621 555 893 9,68
5-9 349 150 335 577 684 727 11,92
10-14 359 523 346 824 706 347 12,30
15-19 298 384 302 181 600 565 10,46
20-24 228 001 258 541 486 542 8,47
25-29 206 963 250 927 457 890 7,97
30-34 178 400 223 849 402 249 7,00
35-39 156 514 196 633 353 147 6,15
40-44 132 218 171 413 303 631 5,29
45-49 109 957 142 165 252 122 4,39
50-54 95 275 120 459 215 734 3,76
55-59 81 718 101 357 183 075 3,19
60-64 68 207 83 657 151 864 2,64
65-69 55 781 69 376 125 157 2,18
70-74 43 449 54 008 97 457 1,70
75-79 33 658 42 326 75 984 1,32
80-84 20 401 26 469 46 870 0,82
85+ 18 500 26 359 44 859 0,78
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 991 945 955 022 1 946 967 33,89
15-64 1 555 637 1 851 182 3 406 819 59,31
65+ 171 789 218 538 390 327 6,80

Structure of the population (01.07.2011) (Estimates based on the 2007 Population Census):

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 2 925 284 3 290 858 6 216 143 100
0-4 309 786 296 430 606 216 9,75
5-9 308 052 294 483 602 535 9,69
10-14 362 232 348 111 710 343 11,43
15-19 352 598 350 791 703 389 11,32
20-24 276 109 305 559 581 668 9,36
25-29 209 615 261 340 470 955 7,58
30-34 180 198 235 412 415 609 6,69
35-39 168 638 219 197 387 835 6,24
40-44 149 955 194 952 344 907 5,55
45-49 127 846 167 719 295 565 4,75
50-54 108 714 140 978 249 692 4,02
55-59 93 682 119 911 213 593 3,44
60-64 78 899 100 625 179 525 2,89
65-69 65 846 82 450 148 295 2,39
70-74 52 993 66 934 119 928 1,93
75-79 38 678 49 603 88 281 1,42
80+ 41 443 56 363 97 806 1,57
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 980 070 939 024 1 919 094 30,87
15-64 1 746 254 2 096 484 3 842 738 61,82
65+ 198 960 255 350 454 310 7,31

[19]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "El Salvador". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  2. "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  3. "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision". Esa.un.org. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  5. Jones, Richard C. (April 1989). "Causes of Salvadoran Migration to the United States". Geographical Review. 79 (2): 183. doi:10.2307/215525.
  6. User, Super. "Institución". Ine.gob.gt. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  7. "Mapa de las Migraciones Salvadoreñas". PNUD El Salvador. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
  9. EL SALVADOR Visa Application - Tourist Visas, Business Visas, Expedited Visas - El Salvador Page Archived 2010-12-01 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. Ayala, Edgardo. "Native People of El Salvador Finally Gain Recognition". Ipsnews.net. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  11. 1 2 "El Salvador - Indigenous peoples". Minority rights groups international. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  12. "Jose Napoleon Duarte,Hernandez Martinez,Ungo,Matanza,Central American Common Market,CACM,urban middle class,Christian Democratic Party,powerful families,death squads,Organization of American States,PRUD,International Court Of Justice,urban center,rapid population growth". Countriesquest.com. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  13. Guzman, John (2011). Reflections Behind The Retina. Xlibris Corporation. p. 192. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  14. "Carondelet". NCH Historias Multimedia. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  15. Zielger, Matthew. "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West?". The Daily Star. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  16. "Lebanese Diaspora – Worldwide Geographical Distribution". Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  17. "Central America and Caribbean :: BARBADOS". CIA The World Factbook.
  18. "El Salvador Population (2017, 2018) - Worldometers". Worldometers.info. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  19. 1 2 "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
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