Bima language

Bima
Nggahi Mbojo
Region Sumbawa
Native speakers
 (500,000 cited 1989)[1]
Dialects
  • Kolo
  • Sangar (Sanggar)
  • Toloweri
  • Bima
  • Mbojo
Latin, Mbojo
Language codes
ISO 639-3 bhp
Glottolog bima1247[2]

The Bima language, or Bimanese (Bima: Nggahi Mbojo, Malay: Bahasa Bima) is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language Tambora was once spoken. "Bima" is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is "Mbojo" and the language is referred to as "Nggahi Mbojo." There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.[3]

Long thought to be closely related to the languages of Sumba Island to the southeast, this assumption has been refuted by Blust (2008), which makes Bima a primary branch within the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian subgroup.[4]

Dialects

Dialects include Kolo, Sangar (Sanggar), Toloweri, Bima, and Mbojo (Ethnologue).

Donggo, spoken in mountainous regions to the west of Bima Bay such as in Doro Ntika of the Doro Oromboha area, is closely related to the main dialect of Bima. It is spoken by about 25,000 people who were formerly primarily Christians and animists; many have now converted to Islam.[5]

Distribution

Bima is spoken on Sumbawa, Banta, Sangeang, and Komodo islands (Ethnologue).

References

  1. ↑ Bima at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bima". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ James Cowles Prichard (1874). Researches into the Physical History of Mankind Volume 5: Containing Researches Into the History of the Oceanic and of the American Nations. Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper. ASIN B0041T3N9G.
  4. ↑ Blust, R. (2008). Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup? Oceanic Linguistics, 47(1), 45-113.
  5. ↑ Just, Peter. 2001. Dou Donggo justice: conflict and morality in an Indonesian society. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.


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