Rejang language

Rejang
Baso Jang
Baso Hejang
Native to Indonesia
Region
[1]
Ethnicity Rejangs
Native speakers
 >1,100,000 (2010 census)[2]
Dialects
  • Lebong
  • Musai (Musi)
  • Kebanagung
  • Pesisir
  • Awes (Rawas)
Latin (present)
Rejang script (historically)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 rej
Glottolog reja1240[3]

Rejang (baso Jang, baso Hejang) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Rejangs people in southwestern parts of Sumatra (Bengkulu), Indonesia. There are five dialects, spread from mountainous region to the coastal region of Bengkulu, including the Musi (Musai) dialect, the Lebong dialect, the Kebanagung dialect, the Rawas (Awes) dialect, and the Pesisir dialect.

Rejangs was written with the Rejang script for a long time.[4] The script is thought to pre-date the introduction of Islam to the area in the 12th century CE, although the earliest attested document has been dated to the mid 18th century. It is traditionally written on bamboo, buffalo horn, bark or copper plates. It was only recently that the Latin alphabet was introduced as a way of writing the language.

Classification

Rejangs is not obviously close to other Malayo-Polynesian languages in Sumatra. McGinn (2009) classified it among the Bidayuh languages of Borneo, closest to Bukar Sadong.[5] It may be that it is related to the newly described language Nasal, but that is speculative at this point.[6]

Dialect

Rejangs language has five different dialects. Each of dialects is able to communicate one another and has many similarities, though differences are still exist. The five dialects of Rejangs are Musi (Musai), Lebong, Kebanagung, Rawas (Awes), and Pesisir. Among all dialects, Awes dialect is the hardest for other dialects speakers. It was developed not that different from the Old Rejang, compare to other four dialects.

Vocabulary

Astronomical terms

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
earthbumi, dənio, duniobumi, dəniobumi, dəniobumi, dənio
starbitangbitangbitangbitang
moonbulənbulənbulənbulən
sunmatai bilaimatəi biləimatəi biləi, matoi biloimatəi bilə
cloudawənawənawənawən
skylengetlengetlengetlenget

Gender

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
femalebie, səbie, səlawai, səlawiebəi, səbəi, səlawəibəi, səbəi, səlawəibie, səbie, səlawie
malesəbong, səmaniesəbong, səmanəisəbong, səmanəisəbong, səmanie
third gendertayuktayuktayuktayuk

Colour

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
redmiləakmiləakmiləah/abangmiləak
whiteputiakputeakputeahputeak
blackməluomələumələaməluo
greenijoijoijoijo
bluebiru/blu/blaubiru/blu/bləubiru/blu/bləubiru/blu/blau
greyabu-abu/abauabu-abu/abəuabu-abu/abəuabu-abu/abəu
orangeorenorenorenoren
violetungu/ungauungu/ungəuungu/ungəuungu/ungau
browncoklatcoklatcoklatcoklat
pinkmiləak mudo/miləak jam(b)aumiləak mudo/miləak jam(b)əumiləah mudo/miləak jam(b)əumiləak mudo/miləak jam(b)au
silver (color)pirokpirakpirakpirak
maroonmiləak atiemiləak atəimiləah atəeimiləak atəi

Pronouns

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
IUku/KuUku/KuUku/KuUku/Ku
YouKumu (formal), ko (common)Kumu (formal), Ko (common)Ko, NuKumu (formal), Ko (common), Nu (common)
WeItə, təItə, təItə, təItə, tə
TheyTobo oTobo oTobo hoTobo o
HeSiSiSiSi
SheSiSiSiSi

Numbers

Numeral English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
0zeronolnolnolnol
1onedo (sometimes dəlai)do (sometimes dəlai)do (sometimes dikup)do (sometimes dəlai)
2twoduaiduəiduiduəi
3threetəlautələutələutəlau
4fourəpat, patəpat, patəpat, patəpat, pat
5fiveləmoləmoləmoləmo
6sixnumnumnumnum
7seventujuaktojoaktojoahtojoak
8eightdəlapəndəlapəndəlapəndəlapən
9nines(mb)ilans(mb)ilans(mb)ilans(mb)ilan
10tendəpuluakdəpoloakdəpoloahdəpoloak
11elevensəblas, dəblassəblas, dəblassəblas, dəblassəblas, dəblas
12twelveduai bəlasduəi bəlasdui bəlasduəi balas
13thirteentəlau bəlastələu bəlastələu bəlastəlau bəlas
19nineteens(mb)ilan bəlass(mb)ilan bəlass(mb)ilan bəlass(mb)ilan bəlas
20twentyduai puluakduəi poloakdui poloahduəi poloak
21twenty oneduai puluak satuduəi poloak satudui poloah satuduəi poloak do
50fiftyləmo puluakləmo poloakləmo poloahləmo poloak
100one hundreddə'otos, dotos, sotosdə'otos, dotos, sotosdə'otos, dotos, sotosdə'otos, dotos, sotos
200two hundredduai otosduəi otosdui otosduəi otos
1000one thousanddəribau,səribaudəribeu, səribeudəribeu, səribeudəribau, səribau
10000ten thousanddəpuluak ribaudəpoloak ribəudəpoloah ribəudəpoloak ribau
100000one hunder thousandsotos ribausotos ribəusotos ribəusotos ribau
1000000one milliondəjutadəjutadəjutadəjuta

Days of the Week

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
mondaysəninsəninsəninsənin
tuesdaysəlasasəlasasəlasasəlasa
wednesdayrabau/rabu/rəbaurabəu/rabu/rəbəurabəu/rabu/rəbəurebaa/rəbu/rəbəu
thursdaykəmiskəmiskəmiskəmis
fridayjəm'at/jum'atjəma'at/jum'atjəmahat/jum'atjəm'at/jum'at
saturdaysabtau/səbtau/səbtusabtəusabtəusabtau/səbtau
sundayming(g)auming(g)əuming(g)əuming(g)əu

Preposition

Place

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
behindbəlakang, kədongbəlakang, kədongbəlakang, kədongbəlakang, kədong
besidesapingsapingsapingsaping
abovedas, da'ətdas, da'ətdasdas, da'ət
in front ofmukomukomukomuko
outsideluəaluəaluəa, luəhluəa
insideləmləmləmləm
corneridingidingidingiding
underbəakbəakbəakbəak
betweenantaroantaroantaroantaro

Basic Element

English Lebong Dialect Cu'up Dialect Payang Dialect Utara Dialect
windanginanginanginangin
waterbioabioabioabioa
groundtanəaktanəaktanəahtanəak
airudaroudaroudaroudaro
fireopoiopoiopoiopoi

Sample Text

The following is a sample text in Rejangs, of the Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (by the United Nations):

Kute tun laher moi deni'o merdeka ngen tmu'an hok-hok gi serai. Kute tmu'an akea ngen atei, kerno o kelok-ne beku'at do ngen luyen neak lem asai sepasuak.

Gloss (word-to-word):

Article 1 – All of human was born independent and has an equal rights. They have a way to think and conscience, because of it they need to be friend each other in the sense of brotherhood.

Translation (grammatical):

Article 1 – All human beings are born free and equal in rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Notes

  1. ↑ (PDF), UIN Surabaya http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/1925/6/Bab%203.pdf, retrieved 21 March 2016 Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Rejang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Rejang". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ , Script Source http://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=Rjng, retrieved 12 March 2016 Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ↑ McGinn, Richard (2009) "Out-of-Borneo subgrouping hypothesis for Rejangese"."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-02. Retrieved 2013-04-29. In Adelaar & Pawley, eds, Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history
  6. ↑
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