鴛鴦

See also: 鸳鸯

Chinese
trad. (鴛鴦) 鴛 鴦
simp. (鸳鸯) 鸳 鸯
鴛鴦 (mandarin ducks)
鴛鴦 (beverage)

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 鴛 鴛 鴦 鴦
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 影 (34) 影 (34) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 元 (66) 魂 (55) 陽 (105) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open Open
Division (等) III I III I
Fanqie 於袁切 烏渾切 於良切 烏郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔʉɐn/ /ʔuən/ /ʔɨɐŋ/ /ʔɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔʷiɐn/ /ʔuon/ /ʔiɐŋ/ /ʔɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiuɐn/ /ʔuən/ /ʔiɑŋ/ /ʔɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔuan/ /ʔwən/ /ʔɨaŋ/ /ʔaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiuɐn/ /ʔuən/ /ʔiaŋ/ /ʔɑŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ĭwɐn/ /uən/ /ĭaŋ/ /ɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯wɐn/ /ʔuən/ /ʔi̯aŋ/ /ʔɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yuān wēn yāng āng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鴦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔaŋ/
English female mandarin duck

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鴛 鴛 鴦 鴦
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2 2/2
No. 16280 16288 14472 14491
Phonetic
component		 夗 夗 央 央
Rime
group		 文 元 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 2 3 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 𥁕 鴛 鴦 央
Old
Chinese		 /*quːn/ /*qon/ /*qaːŋ/ /*qaŋ/

Noun

鴛鴦

  1. mandarin duck (Classifier: 隻／只; 雙／双; 對／对)
  2. (figuratively) objects or people occurring in inseparable pairs
  3. (figuratively) affectionate couple; happily married couple
  4. yuanyang (a beverage made from mixing coffee with Hong Kong-style milk tea) (Classifier: 杯)

Derived terms
Derived terms from 鴛鴦

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (鴛鴦):

Others:

  • Zhuang: roegyaemyieng

Proper noun

鴛鴦

  1. (～鄉) Yuanyang (a township in Maojian, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

Japanese
鴛鴦 (oshi, oshidori, en'ō): a pair of mandarin ducks.

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
鴛 鴦
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
Irregular

From 愛し (oshi, “dear, loving”, classical Japanese adjective), from the way the ducks are believed to mate for life and seldom stray far from one another.

The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓) from Chinese, with 鴛 representing the male bird and 鴦 representing the female bird.

Pronunciation

Noun

鴛鴦 (hiragana おし, katakana オシ, rōmaji oshi, historical hiragana をし, historical katakana ヲシ)

  1. (chiefly in compounds) a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
  2. a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a mandarin duck
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
鴛 鴦
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Originally a compound of 愛し (oshi, “loving”) +‎ 鳥 (tori, “bird”), from the way the ducks are believed to mate for life and seldom stray far from one another. The tori changes to dori as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

The spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓) from Chinese, with 鴛 representing the male bird and 鴦 representing the female bird.

Pronunciation

Noun

鴛鴦 (hiragana おしどり, katakana オシドリ, rōmaji oshidori, historical hiragana をしどり, historical katakana ヲシドリ)

  1. a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
  2. (figuratively) a pair of lovebirds, a loving couple
  3. a topknot or bun hairstyle wherein the hair is bunched on each side in a shape vaguely resembling two mandarin ducks
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as オシドリ.

Derived terms
  • 鴛鴦夫 (おしどりふう)婦 (ふ) (oshidori fūfu, “loving couple”)
  • アメリカオシドリ (amerika oshidori)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
鴛 鴦
えん
Hyōgaiji		 おう
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

/weɴau/ → /weɴɔː/ → /eɴoː/

From Middle Chinese 鴛鴦 (MC ʔʉɐn|ʔuən ʔɨɐŋ|ʔɑŋ, literally “male mandarin duck + female mandarin duck”).

Pronunciation

Noun

鴛鴦 (hiragana えんおう, rōmaji en'ō, historical hiragana ゑんあう)

  1. (rare) a mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
  2. (rare, figuratively) a pair of lovebirds, a loving couple

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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