鳥
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
鳥 (radical 196, 鳥+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹日卜火 (HAYF), four-corner 27327, composition ⿴烏一)
- Kangxi radical #196, ⿃.
References
- KangXi: page 1480, character 52
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46634
- Dae Jaweon: page 2012, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4613, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9CE5
Chinese
| trad. | 鳥 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 鸟 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 鳥 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (鳥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 島 | *tuːwʔ |
| 搗 | *taːwʔ |
| 鵃 | *rtɯːw, *rtɯːw, *tjiw |
| 瞗 | *tɯːw |
| 鳥 | *tɯːwʔ |
| 蔦 | *tɯːwʔ, *tɯːws |
| 窵 | *tɯːws |
Pictogram (象形) : a bird with a dangling tail.
Compare 烏, which is very similar, of similar origin, and 隹, which originated from a similar image of a bird, but is today rather more abstract and less recognizable.
Etymology
Originally pronounced with a /t-/ initial (compare 島 (OC *tuːwʔ, “island”)). In many dialects, it changed to a /n-/ initial to avoid homophony with the vulgar word 屌 (diǎo, “penis”), which may ultimately have developed from the sense “bird”. Birds/fowl are characteristically associated with Chinese slangs for genitalia; compare 雀 (“sparrow > penis”) and 雞 (“chicken > penis”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) hypothesised that the /n-/ initial form for “bird” may be unrelated to the /t-/ form. Instead, it may be connected with the Tai-Kadai word for bird; confer Proto-Tai *C̬.nokᴰ (“bird”), whence Thai นก (nók).
The /t-/ form may be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daw (“bird”), cognate with Proto-Karen *thoᴮ (“bird”) and Proto-Bodo-Garo *daw/dow (“bird”).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
鳥
Synonyms
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
鳥
Japanese
Readings
Compounds
- 鳥瞰 (chōkan)
- 鳥瞰図 (chōkanzu)
- 鳥獣 (chōjū)
- 鳥葬 (chōsō)
- 鳥類 (chōrui, “bird, birds; avian”)
- 愛鳥 (aichō, “beloved bird; love for birds”)
- 益鳥 (ekichō, “beneficial bird”)
- 害鳥 (gaichō, “harmful bird”)
- 伽藍鳥 (karanchō, “pelican”)
- 七面鳥 (shichimenchō, “turkey”)
- 慈鳥 (jichō, “crow, raven”)
- 人鳥 (jinchō, “penguin”)
- 駝鳥 (dachō, “ostrich”)
- 火の鳥 (hi no tori, “phoenix”, in Western mythology)
- 不死鳥 (fushichō, “undying bird”)
- 雷鳥 (raichō, “ptarmigan, a snow grouse”)
- 雷神鳥 (raijinchō, “thunderbird”)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鳥 |
| とり Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨to2ri⟩ → /tori/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *təri. Probably cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆰ (tolk), modern Korean 닭 (dak, “fowl; chicken”).
May also be related to the Japanese verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to fly”).
Noun
- a bird
- 1999 July 5, “タクヒ [Takuhi]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
- このトリが現れた時は、何か不吉な事が起こる前ぶれ。
- Kono tori ga arawareta toki wa, nani ka fukitsu na koto ga okoru maebure.
- This bird brings bad luck to wherever it comes.
- このトリが現れた時は、何か不吉な事が起こる前ぶれ。
- 1999 August 26, “セイント・バード [Saint Bird]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
- 非常に尾の長い鳥。全身から聖なる光を発する。
- Hijō ni o no nagai tori. Zenshin kara seinaru hikari o hassuru.
- A bird with an unusually long tail. It illuminates with holy light.
- 非常に尾の長い鳥。全身から聖なる光を発する。
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- a chicken
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 16, poem 939; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 62)
- fowl or chicken meat
Derived terms
- 酉 (Tori): the Cock in the Chinese zodiac
- 鳥居 (torii, “torii gate”, literally "bird stand, bird perch")
- 鳥インフルエンザ (tori infuruenza, “avian influenza, bird flu”)
- 鳥籠 (torikago, “birdcage”)
- 鳥刺し (torisashi, “chicken sashimi, raw chicken meat”)
- 信天翁 (ahōdori, “albatross”)
- 臼辺鳥 (usubedori): chicken (bird)
- 鴛鴦 (oshidori, “mandarin duck”)
- 鶏 (niwatori, “chicken”)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鳥 |
| と Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨to2ri⟩ → ⟨*to2⟩ → /to/
From Old Japanese.[4][5] Appears to be a shift from tori above.
Usage notes
Appears in old compounds. Does not appear to be productive in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
References
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, ISBN 0-8047-2212-9, page 225
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0
Korean
Hanja
鳥 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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