See also:
U+6A6B, 橫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A6B

[U+6A6A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6A6C]

Translingual

Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Han character

(radical 75, +12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一金 (DTMC) or X木廿一金 (XDTMC), four-corner 44986, composition)

Derived characters

  • , 𬉟, 𬣕

References

  • KangXi: page 555, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15594
  • Dae Jaweon: page 944, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: not present, would follow volume 2, page 1288, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6A6B

Chinese

trad.
simp.
variant forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʷaːŋ
*kʷaːŋʔ
*kʷaːŋʔ, *qʰʷaːŋ
*kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰaːŋʔ
*kʰʷaːŋʔ, *kʰʷaːŋs, *qʰʷaːŋʔ
*kʰʷaːŋs
*kʰʷaːŋs
*kʰʷaːŋs
*kʰʷaːŋs
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ, *ɡʷaːŋs
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋ
*ɡʷaːŋʔ
*ɡʷlaːŋs, *kʰʷaːɡ
*qʷaːŋʔ
*kʷaŋʔ, *kʷraːŋʔ
*kʷraːŋ
*kʷraːŋʔ
*kʷraːŋʔ
*kʷraːŋʔ
*ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ
*ɡʷraːŋ
*ɡʷraːŋ
*qʰʷraːŋ
*kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ
*kʷaːɡ, *qʰʷaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡʷraːŋ, *ɡʷraːŋs, *kʷaːŋ) : semantic  (wood) + phonetic  (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).

Etymology

“crosswise > door rail; side; cross-grained; unrestrained”
  • Related to (OC *ɡraːŋ, “crossbar”), (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡraːŋ, “purlin”), (OC *ɡraːŋ, “top horizontal gem of a girdle-pendant”) and (OC *ɡʷaːŋ, “jade pendant”) (Wang, 1982), and possibly (OC *raŋ, “roof beam”) (Schuessler, 2007).
  • Schuessler (2007) connects these with Khmer ខ្វែង (khvaeng, to cross; to intersect; to crisscross; diagonal; etc.) < Old Khmer khveṅ (to go far around; to encircle; to enclose). Compare Thai ขวาง (kwǎang, to lie across; to bar; to obstruct; to thwart) and the Khmer derivatives កំពែង (kɑmpɛɛng, enclosing wall; rampart), កំពង់ (kɑmpŭəng, crossing-place; ford; port; shore) (cf. Malay kampung).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • huan2 - vernacular;
  • hun2 - literary.
Note:
  • hèng - used in idioms for the sense “unrestrained; reckless”.
Note:
  • hoâiⁿ/hûiⁿ/hôaⁿ/hôeⁿ - vernacular;
  • hêng/hn̂g - literary.
Note: 1uan - variant.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 橫 (豎)
Mandarin Beijing /xəŋ³⁵/
Harbin /xəŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /xəŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /xəŋ²¹/
Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xəŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /xuŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /xuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /xuŋ⁵³/
/xəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /xũn¹³/
Ürümqi /xɤŋ⁵¹/
/xuŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xuən²¹³/
Chengdu /xuən³¹/
Guiyang /xuan²¹/
/xen²¹/
Kunming /xuə̃³¹/
Nanjing /xun²⁴/
Hefei /xʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /xəŋ¹³/
/ɕye̞¹³/
Hohhot /xə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦuã¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦuɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /viɛ³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fən¹³/
/uan¹¹/
Xiangtan /ɸən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /uɑŋ⁴⁵/
/fɛn⁴⁵/ ~峰縣
Hakka Meixian /vaŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /vɑŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /waŋ²¹/
Nanning /waŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /waŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiŋ³⁵/
/huãi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuaŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /huẽ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hɔŋ³¹/
/hue³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (33)
Final () (110)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠwæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷᵚaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwaɨjŋ/
Li
Rong
/ɣuɐŋ/
Wang
Li
/ɣwɐŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣwɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hóng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
héng
Middle
Chinese
‹ hwæng ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.ɡʷˁraŋ/
English crosswise; horizontal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 5399
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷraːŋ/

Definitions

  1. middle rail of a wooden door; crosspiece
  2. to lie crossways; to be situated crosswise; to be horizontal
  3. to move crosswise; to cross; to traverse; to stretch across
  4. to cut crosswise; to intercept transversely
  5. to hold crosswise; to put something horizontally; to wear across
  6. crosswise; horizontal; transverse; across; east-west
  7. (historical) Horizontal Alliance, i.e. states during the Warring States period in Chinese history which ally with Qin to participate in its ascendancy
  8. side; nearby; something situated sideways
  9. to cast a sidelong glance at; to look sideways
  10. to brim with; to be brimming with; to fill; to be found all over
  11. to place over; to cover
  12. broad; vast; wide; extensive
  13. to crisscross; to interlock; to intersect; to be mixed together
  14. not listening to reason; unreasonable; unrestrained; outrageous
  15. (Chinese calligraphy) horizontal stroke ()
  16. (historical) Alternative form of (héng, “supervisor; picket”).
  17. (historical) Alternative form of (hóng, “school”).
  18. ancient placename in modern-day Shangqiu city in Henan province of China
  19. (Beijing, Jilu Mandarin) probably; presumably; perhaps; maybe
  20. (Beijing, dialectal Wu) anyway; anyhow; in any case
  21. A surname.
Coordinate terms

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 橫 (蠻)
Mandarin Beijing /xəŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /xəŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /xəŋ⁵³/
Jinan /xəŋ²¹/
Qingdao /xəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xəŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /xuŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /xuə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /xuŋ¹³/
/xəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /xũn¹³/
Ürümqi /xɤŋ⁵¹/
/xuŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xuən²¹³/
Chengdu /xuən³¹/
Guiyang /xuen²¹/
Kunming /xuə̃¹/
Nanjing /xən⁴⁴/
Hefei /xən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xəŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦuɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /ɦuã³¹/
Hangzhou /ʔuɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /viɛ³¹/
Hui Shexian /uɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /xuɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /fən¹³/
Xiangtan /ɸən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /fɛn²¹/ ~財
Hakka Meixian /vaŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /waŋ²²/
/waŋ²¹/
Nanning /waŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /waŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiŋ²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /haiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuaŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /huẽ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hɔŋ⁵⁵/
/hue³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (33)
Final () (110)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠwæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣuaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwaɨjŋH/
Li
Rong
/ɣuɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/ɣwɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣwɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hòng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 5402
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡʷraːŋs/

Definitions

  1. perverse and violent; unrestrained and aggressive; brutal and unreasonable; cross-grained
  2. unrestrainedly; turbulently; intrusively and violently
  3. in vain; wastefully
  4. sudden (and catastrophic); unexpected; unpredicted
  5. additional; supplementary; extra; extraneous
  6. contingency; mishap; misfortune; accident

Compounds

Pronunciation 3



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (28)
Final () (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kwɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwaŋ/
Li
Rong
/kuɑŋ/
Wang
Li
/kuɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kwɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guāng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 5366
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷaːŋ/

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (guāng, “light”).
  2. (~門) (historical) a gate of Chang'an City

Pronunciation 4


Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (guāng, “reel thread on a revolving frame”).

Pronunciation 5


Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (“a kind of grass”).

Pronunciation 6


Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (“a kind of tool”).

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. Kyūjitai form of

Readings

  • Go-on: おう (ō)わう (wau, historical)
  • Kan-on: こう ()くわう (kwau, historical)
  • Kun: よこ (yoko, ); よこたわる (yokotawaru, 橫たわる); よこたえる (yokotaeru, 橫たえる)

Korean

Hanja

(hoeng) (hangeul )

  1. across
  2. horizontal, lateral

Vietnamese

Han character

(hoành, hoàng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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