希望

Chinese
to hope; rare; infrequent
 
hope; expect; to visit; to gaze (into the distance); look towards; towards
trad. (希望) 希 望
simp. #(希望) 希 望

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 希 望 望
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 微 (20) 陽 (106) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed Closed
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 香衣切 武方切 巫放切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɨi/ /mʉɐŋ/ /mʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hɨi/ /mʷiɐŋ/ /mʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xiəi/ /miuɑŋ/ /miuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hɨj/ /muaŋ/ /muaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /xiəi/ /miuaŋ/ /miuaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /xĭəi/ /mĭwaŋ/ /mĭwaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xe̯i/ /miwaŋ/ /miwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xī wáng wàng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 希 望 望
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xī wàng wàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xjɨj › ‹ mjang › ‹ mjangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰəj/ /*maŋ/ /*maŋ-s/
English thin, sparse look at from a distance look at from a distance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 希 望 望
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 13250 12667 12686
Phonetic
component		 希 亡 亡
Rime
group		 微 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 希 亡 妄
Old
Chinese		 /*hlɯl/ /*maŋ/ /*maŋs/

Noun

希望

  1. hope; wish (feeling of desire for something to happen)
    希望工程  ―  xīwàng gōngchéng  ―  Project Hope
    所有的希望都破滅了。 [MSC, trad.]
    所有的希望都破灭了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Suǒyǒu de xīwàng dōu pòmiè le. [Pinyin]
    All hope was lost.
  2. hope (a person or thing that may help someone)
    你是我唯一的希望。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǐ shì wǒ wéiyī de xīwàng. [Pinyin]
    You are my only hope.

Synonyms

Verb

希望

  1. to hope; to wish
    希望你明天能來。 / 希望你明天能来。  ―  Xīwàng nǐ míngtiān néng lái.  ―  I hope you can come tomorrow.
    希望沒有讓您等太久。 [MSC, trad.]
    希望没有让您等太久。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xīwàng méiyǒu ràng nín děng tài jiǔ. [Pinyin]
    I hope I didn't make you wait too long.
    希望你一切都好。  ―  Xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo.  ―  Wish you all the best.
  2. (literary) to look up
  3. (literary) to cater to

Synonyms
  • (to hope):

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (希望):

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
希 望
き
Grade: 4		 ぼう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

希望 (hiragana きぼう, rōmaji kibō, historical hiragana きばう)

  1. hope (expectations)
    希望 (きぼう)を失 (うしな)う ― kibō o ushinau ― to lose hope
    希望 (きぼう)を与 (あた)える ― kibō o ataeru ― to give someone hope
  2. wish; hope; desire
    希望 (きぼう)が叶 (かな)う ― kibō ga kanau ― a wish comes true
Synonyms

Verb

希望する (transitive, suru conjugation, hiragana きぼうする, rōmaji kibō suru, historical hiragana きばうする)

  1. to wish for; to hope for
    参加 (さんか)を希望 (きぼう)します。
    Sanka o kibō shimasu.
    I hope for your participation.
Derived terms
Conjugation
Conjugation of "希望する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 希望し きぼうし kibō shi
Continuative (連用形) 希望し きぼうし kibō shi
Terminal (終止形) 希望する きぼうする kibō suru
Attributive (連体形) 希望する きぼうする kibō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 希望すれ きぼうすれ kibō sure
Imperative (命令形) 希望せよ¹
希望しろ²		 きぼうせよ¹
きぼうしろ²		 kibō seyo¹
kibō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 希望される きぼうされる kibō sareru
Causative 希望させる
希望さす		 きぼうさせる
きぼうさす		 kibō saseru
kibō sasu
Potential 希望できる きぼうできる kibō dekiru
Volitional 希望しよう きぼうしよう kibō shiyō
Negative 希望しない きぼうしない kibō shinai
Negative continuative 希望せず きぼうせず kibō sezu
Formal 希望します きぼうします kibō shimasu
Perfective 希望した きぼうした kibō shita
Conjunctive 希望して きぼうして kibō shite
Hypothetical conditional 希望すれば きぼうすれば kibō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9

Etymology 2

Various nanori and irregular readings.

Proper noun
Kanji in this term
希 望
き
Grade: 4		 ぼう
Grade: 4
on’yomi
Kanji in this term
希 望
き
Grade: 4		 み
Grade: 4
on’yomi nanori
Kanji in this term
希 望
のぞ
Grade: 4		 み
Grade: 4
nanori

希望 (hiragana きぼう, rōmaji Kibō, alternative reading きみ, rōmaji Kimi, alternative reading きらり, rōmaji Kirari, alternative reading なるみ, rōmaji Narumi, alternative reading のぞみ, rōmaji Nozomi, alternative reading のの, rōmaji Nono, alternative reading ゆめ, rōmaji Yume)

  1. A female given name


希望 (hiragana のぞむ, rōmaji Nozomu)

  1. A male given name

Korean
Hanja in this term
希望

Noun

希望 • (huimang) (hangeul 희망)

  1. Hanja form? of 희망 (“hope”).

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
希望

Noun

希望

  1. Hán tự form of hi vọng (“hope”).
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