与える

Japanese
Kanji in this term
与
あた
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

/*ataperu/ → /ataɸeru/ → /ataheru/ → /ataeru/

Derived as the potential form of archaic and literary verb atau (“to put into continued contact with”), from imperfective form ata of root verb atsu (modern ateru: 当てる, “to put one thing against another”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).[1]

Original meaning was “to give something appropriate or fitting to another person”.

Pronunciation

Verb

与える (transitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana あたえる, rōmaji ataeru, historical hiragana あたへる)

  1. to give something
    人 (ひと)に物 (もの)を与 (あた)える
    hito ni mono o ataeru
    to give a thing to a person
    害 (がい)を与 (あた)える
    gai o ataeru
    to inflict harm

Conjugation
Conjugation of "与える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 与え あたえ atae
Continuative (連用形) 与え あたえ atae
Terminal (終止形) 与える あたえる ataeru
Attributive (連体形) 与える あたえる ataeru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 与えれ あたえれ ataere
Imperative (命令形) 与えよ¹
与えろ²		 あたえよ¹
あたえろ²		 ataeyo¹
ataero²
Key constructions
Passive 与えられる あたえられる ataerareru
Causative 与えさせる
与えさす		 あたえさせる
あたえさす		 ataesaseru
ataesasu
Potential 与えられる
与えれる³		 あたえられる
あたえれる³		 ataerareru
ataereru³
Volitional 与えよう あたえよう ataeyō
Negative 与えない
与えぬ
与えん		 あたえない
あたえぬ
あたえん		 ataenai
ataenu
ataen
Negative continuative 与えず あたえず ataezu
Formal 与えます あたえます ataemasu
Perfective 与えた あたえた ataeta
Conjunctive 与えて あたえて ataete
Hypothetical conditional 与えれば あたえれば ataereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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