U+4EA1, 亡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA1

[U+4EA0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EA2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 8, +1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 卜女 (YV), four-corner 00710, composition𠃊(GV) or ⿱(HTJK))

References

  • KangXi: page 88, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 287
  • Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 279, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4EA1

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*maːŋ
*maːŋ, *maŋ
*maːŋ
*maːŋ
*maːŋ, *maːŋs
*maːŋ, *maŋs
*maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
*maːŋ, *maŋ
*maːŋ, *maŋ
*hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
*hmaːŋ
*hmaːŋ
*hmaːŋ
*hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
*hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
*hmaːŋʔ
*smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
*maŋ
*maŋ, *maŋs
*maŋ
*maŋ, *maŋs
*maŋ
*maŋ
*maŋ, *maŋs
*mlaŋʔ
*mlaŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*mlaŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*maŋʔ
*maŋs
*mraːŋ
*mraːŋ
*mraːŋ
*mraːŋ
*mraːŋ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (not) + Proto-Sino-Tibetan terminative suffix *-ŋ. Cognate with (OC *maŋ, *maŋs, “to forget”), (OC *mlaŋʔ, “to not have”), (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “to waste (land, time)”) and (OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ, “to lose”).

Pronunciation 1



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/miuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muaŋ/
Li
Rong
/miuaŋ/
Wang
Li
/mĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/miwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wáng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*maŋ/
English flee; disappear; die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12662
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*maŋ/

Definitions

  1. to flee
       táowáng   (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. to lose
  3. to die; to perish
       wáng   (please add an English translation of this example)
  4. deceased
  5. subjugated
    /    wángguó   (please add an English translation of this example)
  6. to contemn; to neglect
  7. Alternative form of (wàng, “to forget”).
  8. past
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

  1. Alternative form of (, “not have”).
  2. Alternative form of (, “don't”).
  3. poor

References

  • 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. destroy
  2. fall; collapse
  3. not exist; nonexistent
  4. run away

Readings

As an alternative form of (not):

Compounds


Korean

Hanja

(mang, mu) (hangeul , , revised mang, mu, McCuneReischauer mang, mu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(vong, )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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