伯
|
Translingual
Han character
伯 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人竹日 (OHA), four-corner 26200, composition ⿰亻白)
References
- KangXi: page 96, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 466
- Dae Jaweon: page 204, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 136, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4F2F
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
伯 |
---|
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 伯 | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
泊 | *baːɡ |
箔 | *baːɡ |
魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
皕 | *prɯɡ |
伯 | *praːɡ |
百 | *praːɡ |
迫 | *praːɡ |
敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
柏 | *praːɡ |
湐 | *praːɡ |
拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
白 | *braːɡ |
帛 | *braːɡ |
舶 | *braːɡ |
鮊 | *braːɡ |
陌 | *mbraːɡ |
帞 | *mbraːɡ |
袹 | *mbraːɡ |
蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
貊 | *mbraːɡ |
佰 | *mbraːɡ |
銆 | *mbraːɡ |
碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly an areal word (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mru [script needed] (rak, “eldest brother”) and Kukish prak (“eldest brother”) (Löffler, 1966), as well as Lahu phâ (“god; lord”) < Thai พระ (prá) < Old Khmer bra or Angkorian Old Khmer braḥ, braḥh, brah (“distinguished; divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc.”) (see Khmer ព្រះ (prĕəh) for more).
Possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), in turn possibly related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “elder brother”) (Benedict, 1972).
Alternatively, from 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”); compare 皤 (OC *paːl, *baːl, “white”), which underwent parallel semantic shift to "white-haired", though this is possibly folk etymology (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 2 is the exoactive/transitive of pronunciation 1 (ibid.).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
伯
- (archaic) eldest brother
- paternal uncle; father's elder brother
- form of address for senior males
- (historical) count (rank)
- ⇒ 五等爵位
- (Jilu Mandarin) mother
- (Jilu Mandarin) paternal aunt (wife of father's elder brother)
- (Wu) paternal aunt (father's sister)
- A surname.
Usage notes
In Old Chinese, sons of a same father are referred to in order as 伯 (bó, “first”), 仲 (zhòng, “second”), 叔 (shū, “third”) and 季 (jì, “fourth”). The usage of 仲 and 季 was later eliminated but 伯 and 叔 remained in use when referring to one's father's elder and younger brothers and male cousins. Moreover, 伯仲叔季 were commonly used in personal names in the past, and this is still occasionally seen nowadays.
Compounds
|
|
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
伯
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Korean
Vietnamese
Han character
伯 (bá)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.