road
English
Etymology
From Middle English rode, rade (“ride, journey”), from Old English rād (“riding, hostile incursion”), from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“a ride”), from Proto-Indo-European *reydʰ- (“to ride”). Cognate to raid, a doublet acquired from Scots, and West Frisian reed (paved trail/road, driveway).
The current primary meaning "street, way for travelling" is late—Shakespeare seemed to expect his audiences to find it unfamiliar—and probably arose through reinterpetation of roadway as a tautological compound.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: rōd, IPA(key): /ɹəʊd/
- (General American) enPR: rōd, IPA(key): /ɹoʊd/
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) Audio (file) - Rhymes: -əʊd
- Homophones: Rhode, rode, rowed
Noun
road (plural roads)
- (obsolete) The act of riding on horseback. [9th-17th c.]
- (obsolete) A hostile ride against a particular area; a raid. [9th-19th c.]
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI.8:
- There dwelt a salvage nation, which did live / Of stealth and spoile, and making nightly rode / Into their neighbours borders […].
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI.8:
- (nautical, often in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead. [from 14th c.]
- c. 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act V scene i:
- Antonio: Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; / For here I read for certain that my ships / Are safely come to road.
- 1630, John Smith, True Travels, in Kupperman 1988, page 38:
- There delivering their fraught, they went to Scandaroone; rather to view what ships was in the Roade, than any thing else […].
- c. 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act V scene i:
- A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane. [from 16th c.]
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- I stumbled along through the young pines and huckleberry bushes. Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path that, I cal'lated, might lead to the road I was hunting for.
- (figuratively) A path chosen in life or career. [from 17th c.]
- Ronald Reagan: A Time for Choosing (1964).
- Where, then, is the road to peace?
- 2012 September 7, Phil McNulty, BBC Sport:
- Hodgson may actually feel England could have scored even more but this was the perfect first step on the road to Rio in 2014 and the ideal platform for the second qualifier against Ukraine at Wembley on Tuesday.
- Ronald Reagan: A Time for Choosing (1964).
- An underground tunnel in a mine. [from 18th c.]
- (US, rail transport) A railway or (Britain, rail transport) a single railway track. [from 19th c.]
- (obsolete) A journey, or stage of a journey.
- c. 1613, William Shakespeare, Henry VIII, Act IV scene ii:
- At last, with easy roads, he came to Leicester; / Lodg'd in the abbey, where the reverend abbot, / With all his convent, honourably receiv'd him; […]
- c. 1613, William Shakespeare, Henry VIII, Act IV scene ii:
- A way or route.
- Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit
- He stirred up his hair with his sprightliest expression, glanced at the little figure again, said ‘Good evening, ma ‘am; don’t come down, Mrs Affery, I know the road to the door,’ and steamed out.
- Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit
Usage notes
Often used interchangeably with street or other similar words. When usage is distinguished, a road is a route between settlements (reflecting the etymological relation with ride), as in the Great North Road from London to Edinburgh, while a street is a route within a settlement (city or town), strictly speaking paved.
Hyponyms
- See also Thesaurus:road
Derived terms
- A road, A-road
- highroad/high road
- middle of the road/middle-of-the-road
- offroad/off-road
- road hog/road-hog
- side road, sideroad
- slip road, sliproad
- yellow brick road/Yellow Brick Road
- access road
- all roads lead to Rome
- back road
- B road
- bump in the road
- burn up the road
- byroad
- corduroy road
- C road
- crossroad
- dirt road
- down the road
- end of the road
- E-road
- fork in the road
- frontage road
- get this show on the road
- granger road
- gravel road
- Great North road
- hit the road
- ice road
- iron road
- low road
- main road
- Milwaukee Road
- New Roads
- Nickel Plate Road
- nonroad
- one for the road
- on the road
- pay-per-use road
- Persian Royal Road
- railroad
- ring road
- roadability
- road allowance
- road apple
- roadbase
- roadbed
- roadblock
- roadbuilding
- road case
- roader
- road export
- road fund licence
- road game
- road gang
- road hockey
- roadhouse
- road hump
- roadie
- roadkill
- roadless
- road map
- road movie
- roadness
- road race
- road rage
- road rash
- road roller
- roadrunner
- roadshow
- roadside
- road sign
- roadstead
- roadster
- road switcher
- road to Damascus
- road train
- road trip
- road user
- road warrior
- roadway
- roadwork
- roadworks
- roadworthy
- rocky road
- Roman road
- service road
- Silk Road
- take the high road
- Tobacco Road
- toll road
- trunk road
- where the rubber meets the road
- winter road
Translations
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Adjective
road (not comparable)
- (US, Canada, sports, chiefly attributive) At the venue of the opposing team or competitor; on the road.
Synonyms
- (at the venue of the opposing team or competitor): away (UK)
Swedish
Etymology
past participle of roa.
Declension
Inflection of road | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | road | — | — |
Neuter singular | roat | — | — |
Plural | roade | — | — |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | roade | — | — |
All | roade | — | — |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. |
Related terms
- lättroad
- oroad