Bergen County, New Jersey

Bergen County (Korean: 버건 군, RR: beogeon gun) is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Jersey.[4] As of the 2019 Census estimate, the county's population was 932,202, an increase of 3.0% from the 2010 census,[5][6][7] which in turn represented an increase of 20,998 (2.4%) from the 884,118 counted in the 2000 Census.[8] Located in the northeastern corner of New Jersey and its Gateway Region, Bergen County is part of the New York City Metropolitan Area and is directly across the Hudson River from Manhattan, to which it is connected by the George Washington Bridge.

Bergen County
County
View north along the Shore Trail near the Forest View Trail in Palisades Interstate Park

Flag

Seal
Location within the U.S. state of New Jersey
New Jersey's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 40.96°N 74.07°W / 40.96; -74.07
Country United States
State New Jersey
Founded1683
Named forBergen, Norway or Bergen, North Holland[1]
SeatHackensack[2]
Largest municipalityHackensack (population)
Mahwah (area)
Area
 • Total246.671 sq mi (638.875 km2)
 • Land233.009 sq mi (603.490 km2)
 • Water13.662 sq mi (35.385 km2)  5.54%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total905,116
 • Estimate 
(2019)
932,202
 • Density3,700/sq mi (1,400/km2)
Demonym(s)Bergenite[3]
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts5th, 8th, 9th
Websitewww.co.bergen.nj.us

Range in altitude:
Highest elevation: 1,152 ft/351 m (Bald Mountain, in the Ramapo Mountains, in Mahwah).
Lowest elevation: 0 ft/0 m (sea level), at the Hudson River in Edgewater.

Bergen County is divided into 70 municipalities, but has no large cities. Its most populous place, with 43,010 residents at the time of the 2010 census, is Hackensack,[9] which is also its county seat.[2] Mahwah covered the largest area of any municipality, at 26.19 square miles (67.8 km2).[9]

In 2015, the county had a per capita personal income of $75,849, the fourth-highest in New Jersey and ranked 45th of 3,113 counties in the United States.[10][11] Bergen County is one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a median household income of $81,708 per the 2010 Census, increasing to an estimated $84,677 in 2014, which was almost 18% higher than the $71,919 median statewide.[12] The county hosts an extensive park system totaling nearly 9,000 acres (3,600 ha).[13]

Etymology

The origin of the name of Bergen County is a matter of debate. It is believed that the county is named for one of the earliest settlements, Bergen, in modern-day Hudson County. However, the origin of the township's name is debated. Several sources attribute the name to Bergen, Norway, while others attribute it to Bergen, North Holland in the Netherlands.[1] Some sources say that the name is derived from one of the earliest settlers of New Amsterdam (now New York City), Hans Hansen Bergen, a native of Norway, who arrived in New Netherland in 1633.[14][15]

History
Bergen and Passaic counties, 1872.
Bergen County, 1896.
Bergen County, 1918.
The Atwood-Blauvelt Mansion in Oradell, circa 1909.

At the time of first European contact, Bergen County was inhabited by Native American people, particularly the Lenape Nation, whose sub-groups included the Tappan, Hackensack, and Rumachenanck (later called the Haverstraw), as named by the Dutch colonists.[16] Some of their descendants are included among the Ramapough Mountain Indians, recognized as a tribe by the state in 1980.[17] Their ancestors had moved into the mountains to escape encroachment by Dutch and English colonists. Their descendants reside mostly in the northwest of the county, in nearby Passaic County and in Rockland County, New York, tracing their Lenape ancestry to speakers of the Munsee language, one of three major dialects of their language.[18] Over the years, they absorbed other ethnicities by intermarriage.[19]

In the 17th century, the Dutch considered the area comprising today's Bergen and Hudson counties as part of New Netherland, their colonial province of the Dutch Republic. The Dutch claimed it after Henry Hudson (sailing for the Dutch East India Company) explored Newark Bay and anchored his ship at Weehawken Cove in 1609.[20] From an early date, the Dutch began to import African slaves to fill their labor needs. Bergen County eventually was the largest slaveholding county in the state, with nearly 20% of its population consisting of slaves in 1800.[21] The African slaves were used for labor at the ports to support shipping, as well as for domestic servants, trades, and farm labor.

Early settlement attempts by the Dutch included Pavonia (1633), Vriessendael (1640), and Achter Col (1642), but the Native Americans repelled these settlements in Kieft's War (1643–1645) and the Peach Tree War (1655–1660).[22][23] European settlers returned to the western shores of the Hudson River in the 1660 formation of Bergen Township, which would become the first permanent European settlement in the territory of present-day New Jersey.[24][25]

During the Second Anglo-Dutch War, on August 27, 1664, New Amsterdam's governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English Navy.[26] The English organized the Province of New Jersey in 1665, later splitting the territory into East Jersey and West Jersey in 1674. On November 30, 1675, the settlement Bergen and surrounding plantations and settlements were called Bergen County in an act passed by the province's General Assembly.[27] In 1683, Bergen (along with the three other original counties of East Jersey) was officially recognized as an independent county by the Provincial Assembly.[28][29]

Initially, Bergen County consisted of only the land between the Hudson River and the Hackensack River, extending north to the border between East Jersey and New York.[30] In January 1709, the boundaries were extended to include all of the current territory of Hudson County (formed in 1840) and portions of the current territory of Passaic County (formed in 1837). The 1709 borders were described as follows:[30]

"Beginning at Constable's Hook, so along the bay and Hudson's River to the partition point between New Jersey and the province of New York; along this line and the line between East and West Jersey† to the Pequaneck River; down the Pequaneck and Passaic Rivers to the sound; and so following the sound to Constable's Hook the place of beginning."
† The line between East and West Jersey here referred to is not the line finally adopted and known as the Lawrence line, which was run by John Lawrence in September and October 1743. It was the compromise line agreed upon between Governors Daniel Coxe and Robert Barclay in 1682, which ran a little north of Morristown to the Passaic River; thence up the Pequaneck to forty-one degrees of north latitude; and thence by a straight line due east to the New York State line. This line being afterward objected to by the East Jersey proprietors, the latter procured the running of the Lawrence line.[30]

Bergen was the location of several battles and troop movements during the American Revolutionary War. Fort Lee's location on the bluffs of the New Jersey Palisades, opposite Fort Washington in Manhattan, made it a strategic position during the war. In November 1776, the Battle of Fort Lee took place as part of a British plan to capture George Washington and to crush the Continental Army, whose forces were divided and located in Fort Lee and Hackensack. After abandoning the defenses in Fort Lee and leaving behind considerable supplies, the Continental forces staged a hasty retreat through present-day Englewood, Teaneck, and Bergenfield, and across the Hackensack River at New Bridge Landing, one of the few sites where the river was crossed by a bridge. They destroyed the bridge to delay the British assault on Washington's headquarters in the village of Hackensack. The next day, George Washington retreated to Newark and left Hackensack via Polifly Road. British forces pursued, and Washington continued to retreat across New Jersey. The retreat allowed American forces to escape capture and regroup for subsequent successes against the British elsewhere in New Jersey later that winter.[31] Soon after the Battle of Princeton in January 1777, British forces realized that they couldn't spread themselves thin across New Jersey. Local militia retook Hackensack and the rest of Bergen County. Bergen County saw skirmishes throughout the war as armies from both sides maneuvered across the countryside.

The Baylor Massacre took place in 1778 in River Vale, resulting in severe losses for the Continentals.[32]

In 1837, Passaic County was formed from parts of Bergen and Essex counties. In 1840, Hudson County was formed from Bergen. These two divisions took roughly 13,000 residents (nearly half of the previous population) from the county's rolls.[33]

In 1852, the Erie Railroad began operating major rail services from Jersey City on the Hudson River to points north and west via leased right-of-way in the county. This became known as the Erie Main Line, and is still in use for passenger service today.[34] The Erie later leased two other railroads built in the 1850s and 1860s, later known as the Pascack Valley Line and the Northern Branch, and in 1881 built a cutoff, now the Bergen County Line. There were two other rail lines in the county, ultimately known as the West Shore Railroad and the New York, Susquehanna, and Western.

In 1894, state law was changed to allow easy formation of municipalities with the Borough form of government. This led to the "boroughitis" phenomenon, in which many new municipalities were created in a span of a few years.[35] There were 26 boroughs that were formed in the county in 1894 alone, with two more boroughs (and one new township) formed in 1895.[36]

On January 11, 1917, the Kingsland Explosion took place at a munitions factory in what is today Lyndhurst.[37] The explosion is believed to have been an act of sabotage by German agents, as the munitions in question were destined for Russia, part of the U.S.'s effort to supply allies before entrance into World War I.[38] After the U.S. entry into the war in April 1917, Camp Merritt was created in eastern Bergen County for troop staging. Beginning operations in August 1917, it housed 50,000 soldiers at a time, staging them for deployment to Europe via Hoboken. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November 1919.[39]

The George Washington Bridge was completed in 1931, linking Fort Lee to Manhattan. This connection spurred rapid development in the post-World War II era, developing much of the county to suburban levels. Two lanes were added to the upper level in 1946 and a second deck of traffic on the bridge was completed in 1962, expanding its capacity to 14 lanes.[40]

In 1955, the United States Army created a Nike Missile station at Campgaw Mountain (in the west of the county) for the defense of the New York Metropolitan Area from strategic bombers. In 1959, the site was upgraded to house Nike-Hercules Missiles with increased range, speed, and payload characteristics. The missile site closed in June 1971.[41]

Geography
Franklin Lakes Nature Preserve
The Hackensack River and Passaic River watersheds.

Bergen County is located at the northeastern corner of the state of New Jersey and is bordered by Rockland County, New York to the north; by Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City, as well as by Westchester County, New York, across the Hudson River to the east; and within New Jersey, by Hudson County as well as a small border with Essex County to the south, and by Passaic County to the west.[42]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county had a total area of 246.671 square miles (638.87 km2), of which 233.009 square miles (603.49 km2) (94.5%) was land and 13.662 square miles (35.38 km2) (5.5%) was water.[43]

Bergen County's highest elevation is Bald Mountain near the New York state line in Mahwah, at 1,164 feet (355 m) above sea level.[44][45] The county's lowest point is sea level, along the Hudson River, which in this region is a tidal estuary.

The sharp cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades lift much of the eastern boundary of the county up from the Hudson River. The relief becomes less pronounced across the middle section of the county, much of it being located in the Hackensack River valley or the Pascack Valley. In the northwestern portion of the county, Bergen County becomes hilly again and shares the Ramapo Mountains with Rockland County, New York.

The damming of the Hackensack River and a tributary, the Pascack Brook, produced three reservoirs in the county, Woodcliff Lake Reservoir (which impounds one billion gallons of water), Lake Tappan (3.5 billion gallons), and Oradell Reservoir, which allows United Water to provide drinking water to 750,000 residents of northern New Jersey, mostly in Bergen and Hudson counties.[46] The Hackensack River drains the eastern portion of the county through the New Jersey Meadowlands, a wetlands area in the southern portion of the county. The central portion is drained by the Saddle River and the western portion is drained by the Ramapo River. Both of these are tributaries of the Passaic River, which forms a section of the southwestern border of the county.

Climate
Hackensack, New Jersey
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
3.7
 
 
38
19
 
 
3.2
 
 
41
22
 
 
4.4
 
 
50
30
 
 
4.5
 
 
62
40
 
 
4.2
 
 
72
50
 
 
4.4
 
 
81
60
 
 
4.6
 
 
86
65
 
 
4.4
 
 
84
63
 
 
4.3
 
 
76
55
 
 
4.4
 
 
64
42
 
 
4
 
 
54
34
 
 
4
 
 
43
25
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[47]

Southeastern Bergen County lies at the edge of the humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification because its coldest month (January) averages above 26.6 °F / -3 °C.[48][49][50] In part due to Bergen's coastal location, its lower elevation, and the partial shielding of the county from colder air by the three ridges of the Watchung Mountains as well as by the higher Appalachians, the climate of Bergen County is milder than in New Jersey counties further inland such as Sussex County. Bergen County has a moderately sunny climate, averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually.[51]

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Hackensack have ranged from a low of 19 °F (−7 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −15 °F (−26 °C) was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of 106 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.21 inches (82 mm) in February to 4.60 inches (117 mm) in July.[47]

Average monthly temperatures at the interchange of Route 17 and MacArthur Boulevard in Mahwah range from 28.5° F in January to 73.8° F in July. Using the 0° C January isotherm, most of Bergen has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) except for higher areas in the Ramapo Mountains which are Dfb and along the Hudson River from Cliffside Park down where Cfa exists. Due to its location and elevation span, Bergen is thus the only county in New Jersey to have all three of the state's Köppen climate zones.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
179012,601—
180015,15620.3%
181016,6039.5%
182018,1789.5%
183022,41223.3%
184013,223*−41.0%
185014,72511.4%
186021,61846.8%
187030,12239.3%
188036,78622.1%
189047,22628.4%
190078,44166.1%
1910138,00275.9%
1920210,70352.7%
1930364,97773.2%
1940409,64612.2%
1950539,13931.6%
1960780,25544.7%
1970897,14815.0%
1980845,385−5.8%
1990825,380−2.4%
2000884,1187.1%
2010905,1162.4%
Est. 2019932,202[52]3.0%
Historical sources: 1790–1990[53]
1970–2010[9] 2000[8] 2010-2018[5]
* = Lost territory in previous decade.[29]
Broad Avenue in Koreatown, Palisades Park,[54] a borough with ubiquitous Hangul signage, where Koreans comprise the majority (52%) of the population.[55][56] South Koreans constituted the most prevalent foreign-born nationality in Bergen County, which was home to all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population in 2010.[57]

Bergen County is the most populous county in New Jersey, with an estimated population of 948,406 in 2017,[7] 105,608 higher than Middlesex County, the second-ranked county. Bergen County accounted for 10.3% of the state's population in 2010,[58] increasing to 10.5% in 2017.[4]

Bergen County's annual property taxes were the second-highest of any New Jersey county in 2015 (after Essex County), averaging $11,078.[59] Within Bergen County, Alpine residents paid the highest average property taxes in 2015, at $20,888, followed by Tenafly ($19,254) and Demarest ($17,937).[60] Alpine had the fourth-highest average property taxes in the state in 2015 while Tenafly ranked sixth.[61]

2010 Census

The 2010 United States Census counted 905,116 people, 335,730 households, and 238,704.030 families in the county. The population density was 3,884.5 per square mile (1,499.8/km2). There were 352,388 housing units at an average density of 1,512.3 per square mile (583.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 71.89% (650,703) White, 5.80% (52,473) Black or African American, 0.23% (2,061) Native American, 14.51% (131,329) Asian, 0.03% (229) Pacific Islander, 5.04% (45,611) from other races, and 2.51% (22,710) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.05% (145,281) of the population.[62]

The 335,730 households accounted 32% with children under the age of 18 living with them; 56.1% were married couples living together; 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.2.[62]

In the county, the population age was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 29% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.8 males.[62]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census there were 884,118 people, 330,817 households, and 235,210 families residing in the county. The population density was 3,776 people per square mile (1,458/km²). There were 339,820 housing units at an average density of 1,451 per square mile (560/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 78.41% non-Hispanic white, 10.67% Asian, 5.27% black, 0.15% Native American, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.22% from other races, and 2.26% non-Hispanic reporting two or more races. 10.34% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[8][63] Among those residents listing their ancestry, 22.0% were of Italian, 15.1% Irish, 11.2% German and 7.4% Polish ancestry.[63][64]

There were 330,817 households out of which 32.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.90% were married couples living together, 9.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.90% were non-families. 24.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.17. The age distribution was 23.00% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 15.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.40 males.[8]

The median income for a household in the county was $65,241, and the median income for a family was $78,079. Males had a median income of $51,346 versus $37,295 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,638. About 3.4% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.9% of those under age 18 and 5.90% of those age 65 or over.[63][65]

Community diversity

Given its location as a suburban extension of Manhattan across the George Washington Bridge,[66] Bergen County has evolved a globally cosmopolitan ambience of its own, demonstrating a robust and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and domiciliary partnership. South Korea, Poland, and India are the three most common nations of birth for foreign-born Bergen County residents.[67]

Italian American

Italian Americans have long had a significant presence in Bergen County; in fact, Italian is the most commonly identified first ancestry among Bergen residents (18.5%), with 168,974 Bergen residents were recorded as being of Italian heritage in the 2013 American Community Survey.[68]

To this day, many residents of the Meadowlands communities in the county's south are of Italian descent, most notably in South Hackensack (36.3%), Lyndhurst (33.8%), Carlstadt (31.2%), Wood-Ridge (30.9%) and Hasbrouck Heights (30.8%).[69] Saddle Brook (29.8%), Lodi (29.4%), Moonachie (28.5%), Garfield, Hackensack, and the southeastern Bergen towns were Italian American strongholds for decades, but their Italo-American demographics have diminished in recent years as more recent immigrants have taken their place.[70] At the same time, the Italian American population has grown in many of the communities in the northern half of the county, including Franklin Lakes,[71] Ramsey,[72] Montvale,[73] and Woodcliff Lake.[74]

Latin American

The diverse Hispanic and Latin American population in Bergen is growing in many areas of the county but is especially concentrated in a handful of municipalities, including Fairview (37.1%), Hackensack (25.9%), Ridgefield Park (22.2%), Englewood (21.8%), Bogota (21.3%), Garfield (20.1%), Cliffside Park (18.2%), Lodi (18.0%), and Bergenfield (17.0%).[75] Traditionally, many of the Latino residents were of Colombian and Cuban ancestry, although that has been changing in recent years. Englewood's Colombian community is the largest in Bergen County and among the top ten in the United States (7.17%); Hackensack, Fairview, Bergenfield, Bogota, and Lodi also have notable populations.[76] The Cuban population is largest in Fairview, Ridgefield Park, Ridgefield, and Bogota, although the Cuban community is much bigger in Hudson County to the south.[77] Since 2000, an increasing number of immigrants from other countries have entered the region, including people from Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Chile, as well as from the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. The diverse backgrounds of the local Latino community are best exemplified in Fairview, where 10% of the overall population hails from Central America, 7% from South America, and 9% from other Latin American countries, mainly the Caribbean.[78] Overall, Bergen County's Latino population has demonstrated a robust increase from 145,281 in the 2010 census count[62] to an estimated 165,442 in 2013.[79]

Western European American

Irish Americans and German Americans are the next largest individual ethnic groups in Bergen County, numbering 115,914 in 2013 (12.7% of the county's total population) and 80,288 (8.8%) respectively.[68] As is the case with Italian Americans, these two groups developed sizable enclaves long ago and are now well established in all areas of the county.

Jewish American

Bergen County is home to the largest Jewish population in New Jersey.[80] Many municipalities in the county are home to a significant number of Jewish Americans, including Fair Lawn, Teaneck, Tenafly, Closter, Englewood, Englewood Cliffs, Fort Lee, Bergenfield, Woodcliff Lake, Paramus, and Franklin Lakes.[81] Teaneck, Fair Lawn, Englewood, and Bergenfield in particular have become havens for Bergen County's growing Orthodox Jewish communities, with a rising number of synagogues as well as supermarkets and restaurants offering kosher foods.[82] The largest Israeli American communities in Bergen County were in Fair Lawn (2.5%), Closter (1.4%), and Tenafly (1.3%) in 2000, representing three of the four largest in the state.[83] Altogether, 83,700 Bergen residents identified themselves as being of Jewish heritage in 2000, a number expected to show an increase per a 2014 survey of Jews in the county.[81][82]

Korean American

The top ten municipalities in the United States as ranked by Korean American percentage of overall population in 2010 are illustrated in the following table:

Rank Municipality County State Percentage
1 Palisades Park[55] Bergen County New Jersey 51.5%
2 Leonia Bergen County New Jersey 26.5%
3 Ridgefield Bergen County New Jersey 25.7%
4 Fort Lee Bergen County New Jersey 23.5%
5 Closter Bergen County New Jersey 21.2%
6 Englewood Cliffs Bergen County New Jersey 20.3%
7 Norwood Bergen County New Jersey 20.1%
8 Edgewater Bergen County New Jersey 19.6%
9 Cresskill Bergen County New Jersey 17.8%
10 Demarest Bergen County New Jersey 17.3%

One of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in Bergen County[84] is the Korean American community, which is concentrated along the Hudson River – especially in the area near the George Washington Bridge – and represented more than half of the state's entire Korean population as of 2000.[85] As of the 2010 Census, persons of Korean ancestry made up 6.3% of Bergen County's population[86][87] (increasing to 6.9% by the 2011 American Community Survey to an estimated 63,247 individuals),[88] which is the highest percentage for any county in the United States;[87] while the concentration of Koreans in Palisades Park, within Bergen County, is the highest density and percentage of any municipality in the United States,[89] at 52.5% of the population.[55] Per the 2010 Census, Palisades Park was home to the highest total number (10,115)[55] of individuals of Korean ancestry among all municipalities in the state,[90] while neighboring Fort Lee had the second largest cluster (8,318),[91] and fourth highest proportion (23.5%, trailing Leonia (26.5%) and Ridgefield (25.7%)). All of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population in 2010 were located in Bergen County,[57] including Palisades Park, Leonia, Ridgefield, Fort Lee, Closter, Englewood Cliffs, Norwood, Edgewater, Cresskill, and Demarest, closely followed by Old Tappan. Virtually all of the municipalities with the highest Korean concentrations are located in the eastern third of the county, near the Hudson River, although Ridgewood has emerged as a Korean American nexus in western Bergen County,[92] and Paramus[93] and River Edge[94] in central Bergen County. Beginning in 2012, county election ballots were printed in the Korean Hangul (한글) language,[95] in addition to English and Spanish, given the U.S Census Bureau's directive that Bergen County's Korean population had grown large enough to warrant language assistance during elections.[96] Between 2011 and 2017, the Korean population of Fair Lawn was estimated to have more than doubled.[97]

Korean chaebols have established North American headquarters operations in Bergen County, including Samsung,[98] LG Corp,[99] and Hanjin Shipping.[100] In April 2018, the largest Korean-themed supermarket in Bergen County opened in Paramus.[101] In January 2019, Christopher Chung was sworn in as the first Korean-American mayor of Palisades Park.[102]

Polish American

Polish Americans are well represented in western Bergen County and are growing as a community, with 59,294 (6.5%) of residents of Polish descent residing in the county as of the 2013 American Community Survey.[68] The community's cultural and commercial heart has long been centered in Wallington, where 45.5% of the population is of Polish descent; this is the largest concentration among New Jersey municipalities and the seventh-highest in the United States.[103] The adjacent city of Garfield has also become a magnet for Polish immigrants, with 22.9% of the population identifying themselves as being of Polish ancestry, the third highest concentration in the state.[103]

African American

The county's African American community is almost entirely concentrated in three municipalities: Englewood (10,215 residents, accounting for 38.98% of the city's total population), Teaneck (11,298; 28.78%), and Hackensack (10,518; 24.65%). Collectively, these three areas account for nearly 70% of the county's total African American population of 46,568, and in fact, blacks have had a presence in these towns since the earliest days of the county. In sharp contrast, African Americans comprise less than 2% of the total in most of Bergen's other municipalities.[104] In Englewood, the African American population is concentrated in the Third and Fourth wards of the western half of the city, while the northeastern section of Teaneck has been an African American enclave for several decades.[105] In 2014, Teaneck selected its first female African-American mayor.[106] Hackensack's long-established African American community is primarily located in the central part of the city, especially in the area near Central Avenue and First Street.[107] Bergen County's black population has declined from 52,473 counted in the 2010 Census[62] to an estimated 50,478 in 2012.[79] Other county municipalities with a sizeable minority of African-Americans include Bergenfield (7.7%), Bogota (9.4%), Garfield (6.5%), Lodi (7.5%) and Ridgefield Park (6.4%)[108]

Indian American

Indian Americans, or Asian Indians, represent a rapidly growing demographic in Bergen County, enumerating over 40,000 individuals in 2013,[79] a significant increase from the 24,973 counted in the 2010 Census,[62] and represent the second largest Asian ethnic group in Bergen County, after Korean Americans. The biggest clusters of Indian Americans are located in Hackensack,[109] Ridgewood,[110] Fair Lawn,[111] Paramus,[112] Teaneck,[113] Mahwah,[114] Bergenfield,[115] Lodi,[116] and Elmwood Park.[117] Within the county's Indian population is America's largest Malayali community,[118] and Kerala-based Kitex Garments, India's largest children's clothing manufacturer, opened its first U.S. office in Montvale in October 2015.[119] Glen Rock resident Gurbir Grewal, a member of Bergen County's growing Indian American Sikh community, was sworn into the position of county prosecutor in 2016,[120] and an architecturally notable Sikh gurudwara resides in Glen Rock,[121] while a similarly prominent Hindu mandir has been built in Mahwah.[122] The public library in Fair Lawn began a highly attended Hindi language (हिन्दी) storytelling program in October 2013.[123] The affluent municipalities of northern Bergen County are witnessing significant growth in their Indian American communities, including Glen Rock, into which up to 90% of this constituency was estimated by one member in 2014 to have moved within the preceding two-year period alone.[124] In February 2015, the board of education of the Glen Rock Public Schools voted to designate the Hindu holy day Diwali as an annual school holiday, making it the first district in the county to close for the holiday,[125] while thousands celebrated the first county-wide celebration of Diwali under a unified sponsorship banner in 2016.[126] An annual "Holi in the Village" festival of colors has been launched in Ridgewood.[127]

Russian (and other former Soviet) American

Fair Lawn, Tenafly, Alpine, and Fort Lee are hubs for Russian Americans, including a growing community of Russian Jews.[128] Garfield is home to an architecturally prominent Russian Orthodox church.[129] Likewise, Ukrainian Americans, Georgian Americans, and Uzbek Americans have more recently followed the path of their Russian American predecessors to Bergen County, particularly to Fair Lawn. The size of Fair Lawn's Russian American presence has prompted an April Fool's satire titled, "Putin Moves Against Fair Lawn".[130] The Armenian American population in Bergen is dispersed throughout the county, but its most significant concentration is in the southeastern towns near the George Washington Bridge. The victims of the Armenian Genocide are recognized annually at the Bergen County Courthouse in Hackensack.[131]

Filipino American

Bergenfield, along with Paramus, Hackensack,[132] New Milford, Dumont,[133] Fair Lawn, and Teaneck,[113] have become growing hubs for Filipino Americans. Taken as a whole, these municipalities are home to a significant proportion of Bergen County's Philippine population.[115][134][135][136] A census-estimated 20,859 Filipino Americans resided in Bergen County as of 2013,[79] embodying an increase from the 19,155 counted in 2010.[137] Between 2000 and 2010, the Filipino-American population of Bergenfield grew from 11.7%, or 3,081 residents, to 17.1%, or 4,569,[138] and increasing further to 5,062 (18.4%) by 2016.[139] Bergenfield is informally known as the Little Manila of Bergen County, with a significant concentration of Filipino residents and businesses.[140][141] In the late 1990s, Bergenfield became the first municipality on the East Coast of the United States to elect a Filipino mayor, Robert C. Rivas. The annual Filipino American Festival is held in Bergenfield.[142] The Philippine-American Community of Bergen County (PACBC) organization is based in Paramus,[143] while other Filipino organizations are based in Fair Lawn[133][144][145] and Bergenfield.[146] Bergen County's culturally active Filipino community repatriated significant financial assistance to victims of Typhoon Haiyan, which ravaged the Philippines in November 2013.[133] Between 2011 and 2017, Fair Lawn's Filipino population was estimated to have more than doubled.[147]

Chinese American

The Chinese American population is also spread out, with sizable populations in Fort Lee, Paramus, Ridgewood, River Edge, and Englewood Cliffs.[148] Fort Lee and Paramus have the highest total number of Chinese among Bergen municipalities while Englewood Cliffs has the highest percentage (8.42%). Several school districts throughout the county have added Mandarin Chinese to their curricula.

Japanese American

The Japanese community, which includes a significant number of Japanese nationals, has long had a presence in Fort Lee, with over a quarter of the county's total Japanese population living in that borough alone. Adjacent Edgewater has also developed an active Japanese American community, particularly after the construction of the largest Japanese-oriented commercial center on the U.S. East Coast in this borough. As of March 2011, about 2,500 Japanese Americans lived in Fort Lee and Edgewater combined; this is the largest concentration of Japanese Americans in New Jersey.[149] The remainder of Bergen County's Japanese residents are concentrated in northern communities, including Ridgewood. The Japanese-American Society of New Jersey is based in Fort Lee.[150]

Balkan American

Greek Americans have had a fairly sizable presence in Bergen for several decades, and according to 2000 census data, the Greek community numbered 13,247 county-wide.[151] Greek restaurants are abundant in Bergen County.[152] The largest concentrations of Greeks by percentage in the county are in Englewood Cliffs (7.2%), Alpine (5.2%), Fort Lee (3.7%), and Palisades Park (3.5%).[153] Macedonian Americans and Albanian Americans have arrived relatively recently in New Jersey[154][155][156][157] but have quickly established Bergen County enclaves, roughly in tandem, in Garfield, Elmwood Park, and Fair Lawn.

Muslim American

Bergen County also has a moderately sized Muslim population, which numbered 6,473 as of the 2000 census.[81] Teaneck and Hackensack have emerged as the two most significant Muslim enclaves in the county, with the American Muslim Union's 18th annual brunch gathering held in Teaneck in 2016.[158][159] Bergen's Muslim population primarily consists of Arab Americans, South Asians, African Americans, and more recently, Macedonian Americans and Albanian Americans, although many members of these groups practice other faiths.[160] While Arab Americans have not established a significant presence in any particular municipality, in total there are 11,755 county residents who indicated Arab ancestry in the 2000 census.[161] The overwhelming majority of Bergen's Arab American population (64.3%) is constituted by persons of Lebanese (2,576),[162] Syrian (2,568),[163] and Egyptian (2,417)[164] descent. The county's diners provide late-night and pre-dawn dining options during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.[165]

Iranian American

A relatively recent community of Iranian Americans has emerged in Bergen County,[166] including those in professional occupations scattered throughout the county.

Same-sex couples

Same-sex couples headed one in 160 households in 2010,[167] prior to the commencement of same-sex marriages in New Jersey on October 21, 2013.[168] On June 28, 2016, Bergen County officials for the first time raised the rainbow-colored gay pride flag at the county administration building in Hackensack to commemorate the gay rights movement.[169]

Housing expense

By national standards, housing is expensive in Bergen County. In May 2015, the median house price in Bergen County was $465,000;[170] however, median figures belie the significant variation noted between more and less affluent towns in the county.[171]

In the Forbes magazine 2012 ranking of the Most Expensive ZIP Codes in the United States, Alpine was ranked as the second most expensive in the country, with a median home sale price of $5,745,038. There were a total of 12 county municipalities listed in the top 500, which were Englewood Cliffs (#129; $1,439,115), Saddle River (#133; $1,427,515), Franklin Lakes (#190; $1,176,229), Tenafly (#286; $913,553), Demarest (#325; $852,010), Cresskill (#362; $794,073), Ho-Ho-Kus (#364; $788,626), Wyckoff (#376; $776,303), Woodcliff Lake (#391; $752,161), Montvale (#455; $640,825) and Allendale (#481; $579,081).[172] In the magazine's 2006 listing, Alpine was ranked as the 15th most expensive in the country, with its median home sale price in 2005 of $1,790,000 ranking as the state's highest. In all, 11 Bergen County municipalities were also represented on the list in addition to Alpine, including Englewood Cliffs (ranked #78; median sale price of $1,112,500), Saddle River (#107; $997,000), Franklin Lakes (#111; $985,000), Woodcliff Lake (#266; $786,000), Haworth (#342; $747,500), Demarest (#350; $742,000), Ho-Ho-Kus (#353; $740,000), Wyckoff (#405; $700,000), Closter (#452; $684,000) and Ridgewood (#470; $675,000).[173]

Construction of the first of two 47-story glass-sheathed luxury skyscrapers commenced in 2013 in Fort Lee, a borough where high-rise residential complexes are a prominent feature and one of Northern New Jersey's Hudson Waterfront communities that has been called New York City's Sixth Borough;[174] these upscale apartment towers, located near the gateway to the George Washington Bridge leading to Manhattan, represented the tallest buildings to be built to date in Bergen County.[175]

Transportation
Glen Rock–Boro Hall station. The borough of Glen Rock is served by both the Bergen County Line (above) and the Main Line of the NJ Transit public transportation system.
The George Washington Bridge, connecting Fort Lee (above) in Bergen County across the Hudson River to New York City, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.[176][177] One of two 47-story residential skyscrapers, to be Bergen County's tallest, is seen under construction near the gateway to the bridge in December 2013.[175]

Bergen County has a well-developed road network, including the northern termini of the New Jersey Turnpike (a portion of Interstate 95) and the Garden State Parkway, the eastern terminus of Interstate 80, and a portion of Interstate 287. US Highways 1/9, 9W, 46, 202, and New Jersey state highways 3, 4, 17, 120, 208, and the Palisades Interstate Parkway also serve the region. With an average volume of 210,000 vehicles passing through each day, the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 is one of the busiest in the world.[178]

The George Washington Bridge, connecting Fort Lee in Bergen County across the Hudson River to the Upper Manhattan section of New York City, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.[176][177] Access to New York City is alternatively available for motorists through the Lincoln Tunnel and Holland Tunnel in Hudson County. Access across the Hudson River to Westchester County in New York is available using the Tappan Zee Bridge in neighboring Rockland County, New York.

As of May 2010, the county had a total of 2,988.59 miles (4,809.67 km) of roadways, of which 2,402.78 miles (3,866.90 km) are maintained by the municipality, 438.97 miles (706.45 km) by Bergen County, 106.69 miles (171.70 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 40.15 miles (64.62 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[179]

Train service is available on three lines from NJ Transit: the Bergen County Line, the Main Line, and the Pascack Valley Line.[180][181] They run north–south to Hoboken Terminal with connections to the PATH train. NJ Transit also offers connecting service to New York Penn Station and Newark Penn Station at Secaucus Junction. Connections are also available at Hoboken Terminal to the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail and New York Waterways ferry service to the World Financial Center and other destinations.

The traffic intersection of Route 17 and Route 4 in Paramus is one of the busiest in the world.[178]

Despite the name, the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail does not yet run into Bergen County, although a northward extension from Hudson County to Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, known as the Northern Branch Corridor Project, has been advanced to the draft environmental impact statement stage by NJ Transit.[182] The proposed Passaic-Bergen Rail Line, with two station stops in Hackensack, has not advanced since its 2008 announcement. The Access to the Region's Core rail tunnel project would have allowed many Bergen County railway commuters a one-seat ride into Manhattan but was canceled in October 2010.[183][184]

Local and express bus service is available from NJ Transit and private companies such as Academy Bus Lines, Coach USA, DeCamp Bus Lines and Red and Tan Lines, offering transport within Bergen County, elsewhere in New Jersey, and to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in New York City. In studies conducted to determine the best possible routes for the Bergen BRT (bus rapid transit) system, it has been determined the many malls and other "activity generators" in the vicinity of the intersection of routes 4 and 17 would constitute the core of any system.[185][186][187][188] While no funding has for construction of the project has been identified, a study begun in 2012 will define the optimal routes.[189][190][191]

There is one airport in the county, Teterboro Airport in Teterboro, which is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[192] The three busiest commercial airports in the New York City metropolitan area, namely JFK International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and La Guardia Airport, are all located within 25 miles of Bergen County.

For the main surface-street routes through the county, see List of county routes in Bergen County, New Jersey.

Education

Bergen County is home to several colleges and universities:

  • Bergen Community College – Paramus, with other centers in Hackensack and Lyndhurst[193]
  • Fairleigh Dickinson University – Teaneck and Hackensack[194]
  • Felician University – Lodi and Rutherford[195]
  • Ramapo College – Mahwah[196]
  • Saint Peter's University – Englewood Cliffs[197]

Bergen has some 45 public high schools and at least 23 private high schools. Three of the top ten municipal high schools out of 339 schools in New Jersey were located in Bergen County, according to a 2014 ranking by New Jersey Monthly magazine, including Northern Highlands Regional High School in Allendale (#3), Pascack Hills High School in Montvale (#7), and Glen Rock High School in Glen Rock (#8).[198] The magazine's list did not include the Bergen County Academies (BCA), which as the county's public magnet high school in Hackensack has continued to be recognized by various rankings as one of the best high schools in the United States.[199] In 2014, BCA had an average HSPA score of 294 out of 300 and an average SAT score of 2103 out of 2400.[200]

Arts and culture

The Bergen Performing Arts Center (PAC) is based in Englewood, while numerous museums are located throughout the county. In September 2014, the Englewood-based Northern New Jersey Community Foundation announced an initiative known as ArtsBergen, a centralizing body with the goal of connecting artists and arts organizations with one another in Bergen County.[201]

Municipalities
Labeled outline map of Bergen County municipalities.
Constitution Park in Fort Lee. High-rise residential complexes are a prominent feature of this borough, with several over 300 feet tall.
The skyline of Manhattan as viewed from Mahwah, Bergen County's northernmost borough (above); and across the Hudson River from Cliffside Park, near the county's southeast border (below).

In the last decades of the 19th century, Bergen County, to a far greater extent than any other county in the state, began dividing its townships up into incorporated boroughs; this was chiefly due to the "boroughitis" phenomenon, triggered by a number of loopholes in state laws that allowed boroughs to levy lower taxes and send more members to the county's board of freeholders. There was a 10-year period in which many of Bergen County's townships disappeared into the patchwork of boroughs that exist today, before the state laws governing municipal incorporation were changed.[36]

Municipalities in Bergen County (with 2010 Census data for population, housing units and area) are:[202]

Municipality
(with map key)		 Municipal
type		 Population Housing
Units		 Total
Area		 Water
Area		 Land
Area		 Pop.
Density		 Housing
Density		 Communities[203]
Allendaleborough6,5052,3883.120.023.102,100.7771.2
Alpineborough1,8496709.232.826.41288.4104.5
Bergenfieldborough26,7649,2002.890.012.889,306.53,199.1
Bogotaborough8,1872,8880.810.050.7610,702.53,775.4
Carlstadtborough6,1272,4954.240.244.001,532.1623.9
Cliffside Parkborough23,59410,6650.960.000.9624,508.711,078.5Grantwood (part)
Closterborough8,3732,8603.300.133.162,646.0903.8
Cresskillborough8,5733,1142.070.012.064,154.51,509.0
Demarestborough4,8811,6592.080.012.072,361.8802.7
Dumontborough17,4796,5421.990.001.988,814.73,299.2
East Rutherfordborough8,9134,0184.050.343.712,403.21,083.4
Edgewaterborough11,5136,2822.421.490.9412,312.06,718.0
Elmwood Parkborough19,4037,3852.760.112.657,327.92,789.1
Emersonborough7,4012,5522.400.202.203,358.91,158.2
Englewoodcity27,14710,6954.940.024.915,524.62,176.5
Englewood Cliffsborough5,2811,9243.331.242.092,528.1921.0
Fair Lawnborough32,45712,2665.200.065.146,315.42,386.7Radburn
Fairviewborough13,8355,1500.840.000.8416,421.86,112.9
Fort Leeborough35,34517,8182.890.352.5413,910.97,012.7
Franklin Lakesborough10,5903,6929.850.479.381,129.1393.6
Garfieldcity30,48711,7882.160.062.1014,524.85,616.1
Glen Rockborough11,6014,0162.740.022.714,275.21,480.0
Hackensackcity43,01019,3754.350.174.1810,290.04,635.4
Harrington Parkborough4,6641,6242.060.231.832,545.9886.5
Hasbrouck Heightsborough11,8424,6271.510.001.517,865.43,073.2
Haworthborough3,3821,1362.360.411.941,739.2584.2
Hillsdaleborough10,2193,5672.960.012.953,464.81,209.4
Ho-Ho-Kusborough4,0781,4621.750.011.742,350.3842.6
Leoniaborough8,9373,4281.630.101.545,819.52,232.2
Little Ferryborough10,6264,4391.700.231.487,200.13,007.8
Lodiborough24,13610,1272.290.022.2610,657.64,471.7
Lyndhursttownship20,5548,7874.890.344.564,509.31,927.7Kingsland
Mahwahtownship25,8909,86826.190.5025.691,007.7384.1Cragmere Park, Darlington,
Fardale, Masonicus, Pulis Mills
Maywoodborough9,5553,7691.290.001.297,428.02,930.0
Midland Parkborough7,1282,8611.560.011.564,583.21,839.6Wortendyke
Montvaleborough7,8442,8724.010.014.001,961.2718.1
Moonachieborough2,7081,0531.680.011.661,626.5632.5
New Milfordborough16,3416,3622.310.032.277,186.02,797.7
North Arlingtonborough15,3926,5732.620.062.566,010.32,566.6
Northvaleborough4,6401,6351.300.001.303,582.31,262.3
Norwoodborough5,7112,0072.730.012.732,093.5735.7
Oaklandborough12,7544,4708.730.278.451,508.6528.7
Old Tappanborough5,7501,9954.200.873.331,725.8598.8
Oradellborough7,9782,8312.580.152.423,291.51,168.0
Palisades Parkborough19,6227,3621.280.021.2515,681.65,883.6
Paramusborough26,3428,91510.520.0510.472,516.0851.5Arcola
Park Ridgeborough8,6453,4282.600.022.583,348.61,327.8
Ramseyborough14,4735,5505.590.075.522,621.91,005.4
Ridgefieldborough11,0324,1452.850.302.554,323.71,624.5Grantwood (part)
Ridgefield Parkvillage12,7295,1641.920.201.727,385.62,996.2
Ridgewoodvillage24,9588,7435.820.075.754,339.01,520.0
River Edgeborough11,3404,2611.900.041.856,116.32,298.2
River Valetownship9,6593,5214.280.264.012,408.1877.8
Rochelle Parktownship5,5302,1701.060.021.045,313.82,085.2
Rockleighborough531860.980.010.97548.188.8
Rutherfordborough18,0617,2782.940.142.816,437.42,594.1
Saddle Brooktownship13,6595,4852.720.032.695,080.22,040.0
Saddle Riverborough3,1521,3414.980.064.92640.2272.4
South Hackensacktownship2,3788790.740.020.723,311.71,224.1
Teanecktownship39,77614,0246.230.226.016,622.22,334.8
Tenaflyborough14,4884,9805.180.584.603,148.61,082.3
Teterboroborough67271.160.001.1657.923.3
Upper Saddle Riverborough8,2082,7765.280.025.261,560.0527.6
Waldwickborough9,6253,5372.090.022.074,656.81,711.3
Wallingtonborough11,3354,9461.030.050.9811,528.65,030.5
Washington Townshiptownship9,1023,3412.960.052.913,128.81,148.5
Westwoodborough10,9084,6362.310.052.274,814.52,046.2
Woodcliff Lakeborough5,7301,9803.610.203.411,682.7581.5
Wood-Ridgeborough7,6263,0511.100.001.106,951.62,781.2
Wyckofftownship16,6965,8276.610.066.552,550.1890.0
Bergen Countycounty905,116352,388246.6713.66233.013,884.51,512.3

Historical municipalities

Over the history of the county, there have been various municipality secessions, annexations and renamings. The following is a partial list of former municipalities, ordered by year of incorporation.[29]

  • Bergen Township, 1683–1862
  • Hackensack Township, 1693
  • New Barbadoes Township, 1710–1921
  • Saddle River Township, 1716–1955
  • Franklin Township, 1771–1926
  • Harrington Township, 1775–1916
  • Lodi Township, 1825–1935
  • Hohokus Township, 1849
  • Union Township, 1852
  • Midland Township, 1871
  • Englewood Township, 1871–1899
  • Palisades Township, 1871–1922
  • Ridgefield Township, 1871
  • Ridgewood Township, 1876
  • Orvil Township, 1886–1919
  • Boiling Springs Township, 1885
  • Bergen Township, 1893–1902
  • Eastwood Borough, 1894–1896
  • Overpeck Township, 1897–1938

Economy
Employment by industries
Hackensack University Medical Center in Hackensack is the largest employer in Bergen County.

Based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Bergen County had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $66.1 billion in 2018, which was ranked 1st in the state and represented an increase of 2.6% from the previous year.[204]

Largest employers

According to the Bergen County Economic Development Corporation, the largest employers in Bergen County as of November 2012, as ranked with at least 1,000 employees in the county, were as follows:[205]

  • Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, 8,000
  • Valley Health System, Ridgewood, 4,660
  • Bio-Reference Laboratories, Inc., Elmwood Park, 2,900
  • Medco Health Solutions, Franklin Lakes, 2,800 (no longer an independent company)
  • County of Bergen, Hackensack, 2,390
  • Quest Diagnostics, Teterboro / Lyndhurst, 2,200
  • KPMG, Montvale, 2,100
  • Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, 2,002
  • Englewood Hospital Home Health Care Services, Englewood, 1,985
  • Unilever Bestfoods, Englewood Cliffs, 1,900
  • Stryker Corporation, Allendale / Mahwah, 1,812
  • Bergen Regional Medical Center, Paramus, 1,746
  • Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, 1,695
  • Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, 1,500
  • Crestron Electronics, Rockleigh / Cresskill, 1,500
  • BMW of North America, Woodcliff Lake, 1,000
Interior of Westfield Garden State Plaza in Paramus, whose 07652 zip code produces over $5 billion in retail sales annually, top in the United States[206][207] (above); and Downtown Ridgewood, one of many pedestrian-oriented municipal commercial centers in Bergen County (below).

In January 2015, Mercedes-Benz USA announced that it would be moving its headquarters from the borough of Montvale in Bergen County to the Atlanta, Georgia area as of July. The company had been based in northern New Jersey since 1972 and has had 1,000 employees on a 37-acre (15 ha) campus in Montvale. Despite incentive offers from the State of New Jersey to remain in Bergen County, Mercedes-Benz cited proximity to its Alabama manufacturing facility and a growing customer base in the southeastern United States, in addition to as much as $50 million in tax incentives from Georgia governmental agencies, in explaining its decision to move. However, Mercedes-Benz USA also stated its intent to maintain its Northeast regional headquarters in Montvale and to build a "state-of-the-art" assemblage training center in the borough as well.[208]

Building permits

In 2011, Bergen County issued 1,903 new building permits for residential construction, the largest number in New Jersey.[209]

Retail

The retail industry, anchored in Paramus, is a mainstay of the Bergen County economy, with a combined payroll of $1.7 billion as of 2012.[210]

Blue laws

Bergen County enforces one of the last remaining blue laws in the United States that covers most retail sales, other than food and gasoline (among other limited items). The law enforced in the county is actually a state law that each county could reject by voter referendum, with 20 of the state's 21 counties having voted to reject the legal option to enforce the law.[211] Thus one of the largest and most popular commercial shopping cores of the New York metropolitan area[212] is almost completely closed on Sunday. Grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, hotels, restaurants, pharmacies, entertainment venues, and any other exempted establishments that do not sell clothing, shoes, furniture, electronics, hardware, and home appliances are among the businesses allowed to operate. Furthermore, Bergen County has significant populations of Jewish (2000 estimate of 83,700) and Muslim (2000 estimate of 6,473) residents whose observant members would not be celebrating the Sunday Sabbath with most of their Christian neighbors.[213] The substantial Orthodox Jewish minority is placed in the position of being unable to shop either on Sunday (due to the blue laws) or on Saturday (due to religious observance).[214][215]

However, repeated attempts by voters to reject the law have failed. A large part of the reason for maintaining the laws has been a desire by many Bergen County residents for relative peace and quiet, with less traffic, on one day of the week.[216] This desire for relative peace is most apparent in Paramus, where most of the county's largest shopping malls are located, along the intersecting highways of Route 4 and Route 17, which are jam-packed on many Saturdays. Paramus has enacted blue laws of its own that are even more restrictive than those enforced by Bergen County,[217] banning all forms of "worldly employment" on Sundays, including white collar workers in office buildings.[216] Despite these strict blue laws, Paramus (07652) has become the top retail ZIP Code in the United States, with the municipality generating over US$6 billion in annual retail sales.[218] Local blue laws in Paramus were first proposed in 1957, while the Bergen Mall and Garden State Plaza were under construction. The legislation was motivated by fears that the two new malls would aggravate the already severe highway congestion caused by local retail businesses along the borough's highways seven days a week and to preserve one day on which the roads were less congested.[219] In November 2012, Governor Chris Christie issued an executive order to temporarily suspend the blue law due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy.[220] The blue law was suspended on November 11 but was back in effect on November 18.[221]

Minimum wage

In November 2017, County Executive James Tedesco raised the minimum wage for full-time Bergen County workers to $15 per hour gradually increasing over a 6-year period, an increase from the prevailing state minimum wage at the time of $8.44 hourly. The raise constituted the first such hike in the minimum wage paid to employees of any New Jersey county.[222]

Law and government
See also: § Blue laws

County government
The Bergen County Court House stands in Hackensack.

Bergen has had a county executive form of government since voters chose the first executive in 1986,[223] joining Atlantic, Essex, Hudson and Mercer counties as one of the 5 of 21 New Jersey counties with an elected executive.[224] The executive oversees the county's business, while the seven-member Board of chosen freeholders retains a legislative and oversight role. The freeholders are elected at-large to three-year terms in office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. All members of the governing body are elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general elections.[225][226] In 2018, freeholders were paid $28,312 and the freeholder chairman was paid an annual salary of $29,312.[227]

Day-to-day oversight of the operation of the county and its departments is delegated to Acting County Administrator Julien X. Neals, who is also the County Counsel. Neals is paid $121,000 for his work as counsel and additional compensation of $50,000 for his added role as administrator, which makes him the state's lowest-paid administrator in all of its 21 counties.[228]

As of 2019, the county executive is Democratic James J. Tedesco III of Paramus, whose term of office ends December 31, 2021.[229] Bergen County's Freeholders are:[230][230][231][225][232][233][234][235]

  • Freeholder Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Jr., (D, Montvale, term as freeholder ends 2019; term as freeholder chairman ended 2018),[236]
  • Freeholder Vice-Chairwoman Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, term as freeholder ends 2019; term as freeholder vice-chairwoman ends 2018),[237]
  • Freeholder Chairman Pro-Tempore Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, term as freeholder ends 2019; term as freeholder chairman pro-tempore ends 2018),[238]
  • David L. Ganz (D, Fair Lawn, 2020),[239]
  • Steve Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2021),[240]
  • Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2020)[241] and
  • Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2021),[242][230]

Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term).[243] Bergen County's constitutional officials are:[225][244]

  • County Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2021)[245][246]
  • Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2019)[247][248]
  • Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2021)[249][250]

The Acting Bergen County Prosecutor is Mark Musella.[251] Calo was sworn into office in January 2018 after Gurbir Grewal of Glen Rock left office to become New Jersey Attorney General.[252] Grewal had originally been nominated for the post by Governor Chris Christie in September 2013,[253] but the New Jersey Senate took no action on the original nomination and Christie resubmitted the nomination in September 2015.[254]

Bergen County constitutes Vicinage 2 of the New Jersey Superior Court, which is seated at the Bergen County Justice Center in Hackensack; the Assignment Judge for Vicinage 2 is Bonnie J. Mizdol.[255]

In 2014, Freeholder James Tedesco challenged incumbent Kathleen Donovan on a platform that highlighted his own plan to merge the county police department with the sheriff's office, as well as Donovan's connections to recent scandals in the New Jersey state government, including the nationally reported "Bridgegate" scandal and alleged campaign finance abuse among her staff.[256] Election results showed Tedesco with 54.2% of the vote (107,958), ahead of Donovan with 45.8% (91,299),[257] in a race in which Tedesco's campaign spending nearly $1 million, outspending Donovan by a 2–1 margin.[258]

In November 2010, Republican County Clerk Kathleen Donovan won the race for County Executive, defeating Dennis McNerney in his bid for a third term. Three incumbent Freeholders, Chairman James Carroll, Freeholder Elizabeth Calabrese, and Freeholder John Hogan were all defeated by Republican challengers Franklin Lakes Mayor Maura DeNicola, former River Edge Councilman John Felice and Cliffside Park resident John Mitchell. Incumbent Bergen County Sheriff Leo McGuire also failed in his bid for a third term as he was defeated by Emerson Police Chief Mike Saudino. As a result of the 2010 elections, Republicans controlled Bergen County government for the first time in nearly a decade, with County Executive Kathleen Donovan and a 5–2 majority on the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[259]

The Bergen County court system consists of a number of municipal courts handling traffic court and other minor matters, plus the Bergen County Superior Court which handles more serious offenses. Law enforcement at the county level includes the Bergen County Sheriff's Office and the Bergen County Prosecutor's Office. Bergen County's first female police chief took office in September 2015, as police chief of Bergenfield.[260]

In August 2015, a branding campaign was launched to highlight county government services, with its centerpiece being the official seal of Bergen County, depicting a Dutch settler shaking hands with a Native American. The county's contemporaneous executive James Tedesco made an approximately $5,000 private donation to initiate the effort in the form of a nine-foot rendering of this seal woven into the carpet of the county executive's office.[261]

Highlands protection

In 2004, the New Jersey Legislature passed the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act, which regulates the New Jersey Highlands region. A portion of the northwestern area of the county, comprising the municipalities of Oakland and Mahwah, was included in the highlands preservation area and is subject to the rules of the act and the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Council, a division of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.[262] Some of the territory in the protected region is classified as being in the highlands preservation area, and thus subject to additional rules.[263]

State representatives

The 70 municipalities of Bergen County are represented by seven separate state legislative districts. The 37th is situated entirely within the county, while all of the others cross county boundaries.[264]

District Senator[265] Assembly[265] Municipalities
32nd Nicholas Sacco (D) Angelica M. Jimenez (D)
Pedro Mejia (D)		 Edgewater (11,513) and Fairview (13,835). The remainder of the district covers portions of Hudson County.
35th Nellie Pou (D) Shavonda E. Sumter (D)
Benjie E. Wimberly (D)		 Elmwood Park (19,403) and Garfield (30,487). The remainder of the district covers portions of Passaic County.
36th Paul Sarlo (D) Marlene Caride (D)
Gary Schaer (D)		 Carlstadt (6,127), Cliffside Park (23,594), East Rutherford (8,913), Little Ferry (10,626), Lyndhurst (20,554), Moonachie (2,708), North Arlington (15,392), Ridgefield (11,032), Ridgefield Park (12,729), Rutherford (18,061), South Hackensack (2,378), Teterboro (67), Wallington (11,335) and Wood-Ridge (7,626). The remainder of the district covers portions of Passaic County.
37th Loretta Weinberg (D) Valerie Huttle (D)
Gordon M. Johnson (D)		 Alpine (1,849), Bogota (8,187), Cresskill (8,573), Englewood (27,147 Englewood Cliffs (5,281), Fort Lee (35,345), Hackensack (43,010), Leonia (8,937), Northvale (4,640), Palisades Park (19,622), Rockleigh (531), Teaneck (39,776) and Tenafly (14,488).
38th Joseph Lagana (D) Chris Tully (D)
Lisa Swain (D)		 Bergenfield (26,764), Fair Lawn (32,457), Glen Rock (11,601), Hasbrouck Heights (11,842), Lodi (24,136), Maywood (9,555), New Milford (16,341), Oradell (7,978), Paramus (26,342), River Edge (11,340), Rochelle Park (5,530), Saddle Brook (13,659). The remainder of the district covers portions of Passaic County.
39th Gerald Cardinale (R) Robert Auth (R)
Holly Schepisi (R)		 Closter (8,373), Demarest (4,881), Dumont (17,479), Emerson (7,401), Harrington Park (4,664), Haworth (3,382), Hillsdale (10,219), Mahwah (25,890), Montvale (7,844), Norwood (5,711), Oakland (12,754), Old Tappan (5,750), Park Ridge (8,645), Ramsey (14,473), River Vale (9,659), Saddle River (3,152), Upper Saddle River (8,208), Washington Township (9,102), Westwood (10,908) and Woodcliff Lake (5,730). The remainder of the district covers portions of Passaic County.
40th Kristin Corrado (R) David C. Russo (R)
Kevin J. Rooney (R)		 Allendale (6,505), Franklin Lakes (10,590), Ho-Ho-Kus (4,078), Midland Park (7,128), Ridgewood (24,958), Waldwick (9,625) and Wyckoff (16,696). The remainder of the district covers portions of Essex County, Morris County and Passaic County.

Congressional representatives

The county is part of three Congressional Districts: the 5th District covering the northern portion of the county and the 9th most of the south, with Fairview being the lone municipality in the 8th District.[266][267] For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Fifth Congressional District is represented by Josh Gottheimer (D, Wyckoff).[268][269] For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District is represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson).[270][271] For the 116th United States Congress, New Jersey's Eighth Congressional District is represented by Albio Sires (D, West New York).[272][273]

Politics
Bergen County vote
by party in gubernatorial elections[275]
Year Republican Democratic
2017 41.6% 94,904 56.7% 129,265
2013 60.2% 136,178 38.6% 87,376
2009 46.2% 121,446 48.5% 127,386
2005 42.2% 108,017 55.6% 142,319
2001 42.5% 111,221 55.1% 140,215
1997 53.3% 148,934 42.5% 118,834
1993 50.8% 157,710 47.4% 147,387
1989 39.2% 109,184 59.2% 165,104
1985 71.5% 181,238 27.8% 70,525
1981 54.1% 169,556 45.0% 141,018

The county is characterized by a divide between Republican communities in the north and northwest of the county and Democratic communities in its center and southeast.

As of October 31, 2014, there were a total of 555,293 registered voters in Bergen County, of whom 171,471 (30.9%) were registered as Democrats, 111,099 (20.0%) were registered as Republicans and 272,261 (49.0%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 462 voters registered to other parties.[276] Among the county's 2010 Census population, 61.4% were registered to vote, including 77.4% of those ages 18 and over.[276][277]

In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 231,211 votes here (54.8%), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 175,529 votes (41.6%) and other candidates with 19,827 votes (4.6%), among the 426,567 ballots cast by the county's 588,362 registered voters, for a turnout of 73%.[278] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 212,754 votes here (54.8%), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 169,070 votes (43.5%) and other candidates with 3,583 votes (0.9%), among the 388,425 ballots cast by the county's 551,745 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.4%).[279][280] In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama received 225,367 votes here (53.9%), ahead of Republican John McCain with 186,118 votes (44.5%) and other candidates with 3,248 votes (0.8%), among the 418,459 ballots cast by the county's 544,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.8%.[281] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 207,666 votes here (51.7%), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 189,833 votes (47.2%) and other candidates with 2,745 votes (0.7%), among the 401,845 ballots cast by the county's 522,750 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.9%.[282]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 136,178 ballots cast (60.2%), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 87,376 votes (38.7%) and other candidates with 2,515 votes (1.1%), among the 226,069 ballots cast for governor by the county's 527,491 registered voters, yielding a 42.9% turnout.[283][284] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 127,386 ballots cast (48.0%) in the county, ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 121,446 votes (45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 12,452 votes (4.7%), and other candidates with 1,262 votes (0.5%), among the 265,223 ballots cast by the county's 530,460 registered voters, yielding a 50.0% turnout.[285]

In 2010, Republicans were represented by only two Freeholders and one Constitutional Officer. In 2011, the Democrats had two Freeholders and one Constitutional Officer, a complete shift in control of County government. In 2012, Democrats retained their two seats on the Board of Freeholders while moving to two Constitutional Officers as Democrat John Hogan defeated incumbent Elizabeth Randall in the County Clerk race.

In 2014, Robert Menendez, Democratic U.S. Senator representing New Jersey since 2006, shifted his residence from his longtime established base in adjacent Hudson County to Paramus in Bergen County.[286]

Points of interest

Educational and cultural
The New Jersey Meadowlands in Lyndhurst.
MetLife Stadium, in East Rutherford, is the most expensive stadium ever built,[287] at approximately $1.6 billion.[288]
Northward view of the Hudson River from the cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades in Palisades Interstate Park.
The Lake Tappan reservoir straddles the Bergen County municipalities of Old Tappan and River Vale, as well as a smaller portion within adjacent Rockland County, New York.
Scarlet Oak Pond, Ramapo Valley County Reservation, Mahwah.
Southward view of the Hudson Waterfront from the George Washington Bridge, with Edgewater in the foreground, and the skyline of Downtown Jersey City, Hudson County in the background.
  • New Jersey Naval Museum, Hackensack. At the museum, the USS Ling is moored in the Hackensack River and is available for tours as a museum ship.[289]
  • Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey, located at Teterboro Airport in Teterboro.[290]
  • Bergen Museum of Art & Science, Hackensack.[291]
  • Buehler Challenger & Science Center, Paramus — Located on the campus of Bergen Community College.
  • Meadowlands Environment Center, Lyndhurst.[292]
  • Tenafly Nature Center, Tenafly[293]
  • Puffin Foundation, Teaneck[294]
  • Maywood Station Museum, Maywood[295]
  • Bergen Performing Arts Center, Englewood[296]

Commercial and entertainment
  • MetLife Stadium, which replaced Giants Stadium, in East Rutherford, is the home of the New York Giants and the New York Jets of the National Football League. At a construction cost of approximately $1.6 billion,[288] it is the most expensive stadium ever built.[287]
  • Meadowlands Arena, East Rutherford (formerly known as the Izod Center, Continental Airlines Arena and the Brendan Byrne Arena). Opened in 1981, it was formerly home to the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association, and the Seton Hall University Pirates men's basketball team. The arena closed on April 3, 2015.
  • Meadowlands Racetrack, East Rutherford
  • Westfield Garden State Plaza, Paramus, is one of the largest and highest revenue producing shopping malls in the United States.
  • The Shops at Riverside, shopping mall, Hackensack (formerly known as Riverside Square Mall)
  • Paramus Park, shopping mall, Paramus
  • The Outlets at Bergen Town Center, shopping mall, Paramus (formerly known as the Bergen Mall)
  • Fashion Center, shopping mall, Paramus
  • H Mart, Asian shopping plaza and supermarket, Ridgefield
  • Mitsuwa Marketplace, Japanese shopping plaza and supermarket, Edgewater
  • American Dream Meadowlands, retail and entertainment complex that opened on October 25, 2019. [297]

State parks
  • Ramapo Mountain State Forest, Mahwah
  • Palisades Interstate Park, Fort Lee, Englewood Cliffs, Tenafly, Alpine

State-owned historical sites
  • New Bridge Landing, River Edge, Teaneck and New Milford[298]
  • The Hermitage, Ho-Ho-Kus[299]
  • Steuben House, River Edge (at New Bridge Landing)[300]

County parks
Van Saun County Park in Paramus features attractions including a train ride (left), a carousel (center), and a playground (right), as well as a zoological park.
  • Belmont Hill County Park, Garfield
  • Campgaw Mountain Reservation, Mahwah
  • Dahnert's Lake County Park, Garfield
  • Darlington County Park, Mahwah
  • McFaul Environmental Center, Wyckoff
  • Ramapo Valley County Reservation, Mahwah
  • Overpeck County Park, Leonia, Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park
  • Riverside County Park, Lyndhurst, North Arlington
  • Pascack Brook County Park, Westwood
  • Saddle Ridge Riding Area, Franklin Lakes
  • Saddle River County Park, Paramus, Glen Rock, Rochelle Park, Saddle Brook, Ridgewood
  • Samuel Nelkin County Park, Wallington
  • Van Saun County Park, Paramus, including the Bergen County Zoological Park, the county's only zoo. The zoo was slated for an expansion as of 2016 which would nearly double its size from 12 to 23 acres and significantly diversify its population of animal species.[301]
  • Wood Dale County Park, Woodcliff Lake

County-owned historical sites
  • Baylor Massacre site, River Vale — location of a surprise attack on September 27, 1778, against the 3rd Regiment of Continental Light Dragoons under the command of Colonel George Baylor during the American Revolutionary War.[302]
  • Camp Merritt, Cresskill[303]
  • Campbell-Christie House, River Edge — a historic Dutch sandstone home, it was moved from New Milford to preserve the home from destruction.[304]
  • Easton Tower, Paramus[305]
  • Garretson Farm, Fair Lawn — a stone home dating to the 1720s that is one of the county's oldest surviving structures.[306]
  • Gethsemane Cemetery, Little Ferry[307]
  • Washington Spring Garden, located in Van Saun Park, Paramus[308]
  • Wortendyke Barn, Park Ridge[309]

See also
  • List of Registered Historic Places in Bergen County, New Jersey

References
  1. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 30, 2017.
  2. New Jersey County Map, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed July 10, 2017.
  3. "Rutherford News from The Record and South Bergenite". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved March 25, 2016.
  4. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018 - 2018 Population Estimates Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 17, 2019.
  5. State & County QuickFacts – Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 22, 2018.
  6. Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 17, 2019.
  7. GCT-PEPANNCHG: Estimates of Resident Population Change and Rankings: July 1, 2017 to July 1, 2018 - State -- County / County Equivalent from the 2018 Population Estimates for New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 24, 2018.
  8. DP-1 Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 9, 2012.
  9. New Jersey: 2010 – Population and Housing Unit Counts; 2010 Census of Population and Housing, United States Census Bureau, August 2012. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  10. [lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/industry/incpov/highcnty.xls 250 Highest Per Capita Personal Incomes available for 3113 counties in the United States: 2015], New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed October 24, 2017.
  11. Local Area Personal Income: 2015 Archived October 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Accessed October 24, 2017.
  12. Lynn, Kathleen; and Sheingold, Dave. "Incomes up, poverty down in N.J. — but only slightly", The Record (Bergen County), September 17, 2015. Accessed December 29, 2016. "The U.S. Census Bureau reported Wednesday that in 2014 the median household income, adjusted for inflation, ticked up about 1 percent in New Jersey, to $71,919, while the median earnings for all workers, full and part time, rose 2 percent, to $38,893.... Bergen County's median household income was $84,677, up 2 percent, while Passaic's was $58,804, down 1.8 percent."
  13. Parks Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Totaling nearly 9,000 acres, Bergen County boasts an exceptional park system where residents can:"
  14. Francis Bazley Lee (1907). Genealogical and Personal Memorial of Mercer County, New Jersey. Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 202–203.
  15. Princeton, Sixty-three: Fortieth-year Book of the Members of the Class of 1863. For the class, Printed, not published. 1904. p. 13.
  16. Wright, Kevin W. "The Indigenous Population of Bergen County". Bergen County Historical Society. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  17. Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 3031, State of New Jersey, filed January 8, 1980.
  18. Pritchard, Evan T. (2002). Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York. Council Oak Books. pp. 265–271. ISBN 1-57178-107-2.
  19. Romano, Jay. "3 Indian Tribes Stir Casino Fears", The New York Times, August 1, 1993. Accessed August 9, 2012. "Dr. Herbert C. Kraft, professor of anthropology at Seton Hall University in South Orange, said that determining whether the Ramapoughs are descendants of American Indians is 'a very fuzzy problem. My bias has always been that there are Indians among them but that they intermarried with various other groups,' Dr. Kraft said. Included in those other groups, he said, were white settlers and freed blacks."
  20. Clayton, W. Woodford; and Nelson, William. History of Bergen and Passaic Counties, New Jersey:With Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men, p. 23. Everts & Peck, 1882. Accessed January 24, 2013.
  21. "Bergen County Slavery" Archived August 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed July 13, 2012.
  22. T. Robins Brown; Schuyler Warmflash (2001). The Architecture of Bergen County, New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-8135-2867-4.
  23. Whitehead, William A. (1875). East Jersey Under the Proprietary Governments, 2nd. Ed. Martin R. Dennis. p. 22.
  24. "Jersey City: America's Golden Door", Jersey City online, accessed March 19, 2007. "Jersey City, the second largest city in New Jersey, is the site of the first permanent European community in the state."
  25. "Stone Houses of Bergen County Thematic Resource". National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form. National Park Service. November 26, 1982. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
  26. Document: Articles of Capitulation, 1664, WNET, August 13, 2009. Accessed July 18, 2012. "On August 27, 1664, four English warships arrived in New Amsterdam to claim the colony under the orders of James, Duke of York. New Amsterdam had limited defenses, ammunition and manpower, so Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant was forced to surrender without a shot in September."
  27. Van Valen, James M. (1900). History of Bergen County, New Jersey. New Jersey pub. and engraving Company. p. 48. The province of East Jersey was not divided into counties until 1682. Although the General Assembly of the whole colony by an Act passed on November 30, 1675 had declared Bergen and the plantations and settlements in its vicinity to be a county, in name Bergen county, though the Act does not say so in so many words.
  28. History of Bergen County, accessed August 23, 2006 Archived July 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  29. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 29. Accessed July 18, 2012.
  30. Van Valen; James M. (1900). History of Bergen County, New Jersey. New Jersey pub. and engraving co. bergen county history.
  31. Kevin W. Wright. "Steuben House History – New Bridge in the Revolution". Bergen County Historical Society. Retrieved December 27, 2006.
  32. Kevin Wright. "Overkill: Revolutionary War Reminiscences of River Vale". Bergen County Historical Society. Retrieved December 27, 2006.
  33. Maxine N. Lurie & Marc Mappen (2006). "Bergen County". Encyclopedia of New Jersey. Rutgers University Press. pp. 71–72. ISBN 0-8135-3325-2.
  34. "Erie History". Erie Lackawanna Historical Society, Inc. Archived from the original on July 12, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2006. In 1833 the Paterson & Hudson River Rail Road was chartered to build between Paterson, N. J., and Jersey City, and the Paterson & Ramapo Railroad north to the New York state line at Suffern. The two lines provided a shortcut between New York City and the New York & Erie at Suffern, even though they did not connect directly – passengers walked the mile between the two. The New York & Erie fought the situation until 1852, when it leased the two railroads, built a connecting track, and made that the main route, supplanting the original line to Piermont.
  35. Kevin Wright. "A Centennial Review of Bergen County Borough Fever 1894–95". Bergen County Historical Society. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
  36. Harvey, Cornelius Burnham. Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey, p. 11, New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Company, 1900. Accessed September 17, 2013. "For a period of sixteen years following the passage of this act few boroughs were organized in the State, only three of them being in Bergen County ... As it was twenty-six boroughs were in the county from January 23, 1894, to December 18, of the same year."
  37. Staff. "Exploding Shells Rain Four Hours – $5,000,000 Loss – Last of Great Consignment to Russia Blows Up in Kingsland, N.J. – 1,400 Workers Escape – Projectiles Bombard the Countryside and Hundreds Flee in Terror to Frozen Marshes – No Hint of a Plot – Fire Believed to Have Started from a Spark – Falling Shell Wrecks an Auto.", The New York Times, January 12, 1917. Accessed January 24, 2013.
  38. Staff. "Find German Agents in Munition Works – Report Says Teutons Were Employed in Kingsland Plant Before Explosion – Twelve Men Suspected – Fires in Other Great Plants Believed to Have Been Set by Disloyal Employes", The New York Times, November 18, 1917. Accessed January 24, 2013.
  39. Wright, Kevin. "Camp Merritt", Bergen County Historical Society. Accessed January 24, 2013.
  40. "George Washington Bridge 80th Anniversary; The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey celebrates the 80th anniversary of the October 25, 1931 opening of the George Washington Bridge.", Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Accessed January 24, 2013.
  41. Bender, Donald E. "Cold War at Campgaw Mountain: Mike Missile Battery NY-93/94", Bergen County Historical Society. Accessed January 24, 2012.
  42. Areas touching Bergen County, MapIt. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  43. 2010 U.S. Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Counties, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  44. New Jersey County High Points, Peakbagger.com. Accessed October 2, 2013.
  45. "GNIS Search: Bergen County Summits over 1000 feet". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  46. Hanley, Robert. "McGreevey Seeks Purity Standards for 2 Bergen Reservoirs", The New York Times, March 12, 2013. Accessed October 2, 2013. "Mr. McGreevey proposed Category 1 status today for Lake Tappan, a 3.5-billion-gallon reservoir created in 1967; for Woodcliff Lake, a 100-year-old, one-billion-gallon reservoir about 10 miles west of here; and for about 30 streams that flow into the two reservoirs. About 750,000 people in Bergen and Hudson Counties get water from them."
  47. "Monthly Averages for Hackensack, New Jersey". The Weather Channel. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  48. "Ramsey Weather | Ramsey NJ | Conditions, Forecast, Average". Idcide.com. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  49. "Hackensack Weather | Hackensack NJ | Conditions, Forecast, Average". Idcide.com. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  50. "Fairview Weather | Fairview NJ | Conditions, Forecast, Average". Idcide.com. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  51. "united states annual sunshine map". HowStuffWorks, Inc. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  52. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  53. Forstall, Richard L. Population of states and counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 from the Twenty-one Decennial Censuses, pp. 108–109. United States Census Bureau, March 1996. ISBN 978-0-934213-48-6. Accessed October 2, 2013.
  54. Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues Second Edition, Edited by Pyong Gap Min. Pine Forge Press – An Imprint of Sage Publications, Inc. 2006. ISBN 9781412905565. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  55. DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 from 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Palisades Park borough, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  56. Semple, Kirk. "In New Jersey, Memorial for 'Comfort Women' Deepens Old Animosity", The New York Times, May 18, 2012. Accessed May 11, 2015
  57. James O'Neill (February 22, 2015). "Mahwah library hosts Korean tea ceremony to celebrate new year". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  58. GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – State – County / County Equivalent from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 9, 2012.
  59. Marcus, Samantha. "Which counties in N.J. have the highest, lowest property taxes?", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, February 7, 2016. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  60. Cohen, Noah. "See what town had the highest property taxes in Bergen County", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, February 9, 2016. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  61. http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/02/which_nj_towns_had_the_highest_property_tax_bills.html#0 "Which N.J. towns had the highest property tax bills in 2015?"], NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, February 8, 2016. Accessed July 18, 2017. "6. Tenafly - This Bergen County borough's average tax bill was $19,254.... 4. Alpine - In 2013, this home was on the market for $49 million in Alpine Borough, Bergen County, where the average tax bill was $20,888."
  62. State & County QuickFacts – Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 5, 2017.
  63. "Tables DP-1 to DP-4 from Census 2000 for Bergen County, New Jersey" (PDF). Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved 2013-10-03.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link), United States Census Bureau, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 6, 2008. Accessed October 1, 2013.
  64. DP-2 – Profile of Selected Social Characteristics: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data for Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 30, 2013.
  65. DP-3 – Profile of Selected Economic Characteristics: 2000 from Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data for Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 30, 2013.
  66. Gambrell, Dorothy. "Where America's Wealthiest Suburbanites Live—and Where They Don't", Bloomberg Businessweek, January 31, 2014. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  67. Bergen County, New Jersey Data, City-Data. Accessed June 16, 2014.
  68. DP02: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States from the 2009–2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Bergen County, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 7, 2015.
  69. Italian Ancestry Archived May 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Epodunk. Accessed September 3, 2007.
  70. Lodi, NJ Ancestry & Family History. Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  71. Franklin Lakes, NJ Ancestry & Family History. Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Accessed April 6, 2007.
  72. Ramsey, NJ Ancestry & Family History. Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  73. Montvale, NJ Ancestry & Family History. Archived November 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  74. Woodcliff Lake, NJ Ancestry & Family History. Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  75. Census data for Fairview borough Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau, Accessed March 29, 2007
  76. Colombian Ancestry by City., EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  77. Cuban Ancestry by City. EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  78. Fairview, NJ Ancestry & Family History. Archived November 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk, Accessed April 6, 2007.
  79. "Geographies – Bergen County, New Jersey – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates – 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 4, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  80. Virtual Jewish World: New Jersey, United States, Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed May 27, 2016. "The largest concentration of Jews is in Bergen County (83,700)..."
  81. County Membership Report for Bergen County, New Jersey Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Association of Religion Data Archives. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  82. Sheingold, Dave. "Survey seeks better count of North Jersey Jews", The Record (Bergen County), June 15, 2014, via Questia Online Library. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  83. Israeli Ancestry by City., EPodunk. Accessed July 22, 2014.
  84. Sullivan, S. P. "http://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2013/06/japanese-american_congressman_visits_nj_comfort_women_memorial.html", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, June 8, 2013. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  85. QT-P13 – Ancestry: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data for Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 9, 2012.
  86. John C. Ensslin (October 18, 2012). "Bergen County will absorb added mailing cost of heavier absentee ballot". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  87. Richard Newman (August 30, 2012). "Korean company to buy Fort Lee bank". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  88. "ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates 2011 – American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Geographies – Bergen County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  89. Pérez-Peña, Richard. "Palisades Park Journal – As Koreans Pour In, a Town Is Remade", The New York Times, December 15, 2010. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  90. Korean Ancestry by City Archived December 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  91. "Fort Lee borough, New Jersey QuickLinks". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 19, 2012. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  92. DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Ridgewood village, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  93. DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for Paramus borough, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  94. DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data for River Edge borough, New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 18, 2017.
  95. "State of New Jersey Department of State". State of New Jersey. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
  96. Karen Sudol & Dave Sheingold (October 12, 2011). "Korean language ballots coming to Bergen County". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  97. "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates - Fair Lawn borough, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  98. "Samsung Electronics America, Inc. Company Profile". Hoover's Inc. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  99. Michael W. Curley, Jr. (February 7, 2017). "LG breaks ground on Englewood Cliffs HQ". NorthJersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  100. Richard Newman (September 20, 2016). "Stranded container ship gets go-ahead to dock in Elizabeth". NorthJersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
  101. Joan Verdon (April 28, 2018). "H Mart: Korean-themed supermarket opens in Paramus". NorthJersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  102. Kristie Cattafi (January 3, 2019). "Palisades Park makes history in Bergen County, swears in first Korean-American mayor". NorthJersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  103. Polish Ancestry by City Archived June 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Epodunk, accessed April 5, 2007
  104. Vial, Debra Lynn. "Troubling Encounters along Suburban Byways; Minorities Feel Targeted by Local Police", The Record (Bergen County), May 9, 1999. Accessed September 4, 2016. "About 70 percent of Bergen County's African-American residents live in Hackensack, Teaneck, and Englewood, according to current population estimates. In some 20 of the other towns, from River Vale to Ho-Ho-Kus, black residents make up less than 1 percent of the population. In 27 others, they are less than 2 percent."
  105. Fallon, Scott; and Lesser, Benjamin. "Making elections fair to minorities", The Record (Bergen County), February 21, 2005
  106. Aaron Morrison (July 1, 2014). "Teaneck selects its first female African American mayor, faces continuing fiscal troubles". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  107. "Picture this: Black History Store", The Record (Bergen County), February 21, 2005. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  108. GCT-P3; Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2010 – County – County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2016.
  109. "Geographies – Hackensack city, New Jersey ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates 2011–2013 – American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  110. "Ridgewood village, New Jersey ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 10, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  111. "Fair Lawn borough, New Jersey ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 10, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  112. "Paramus borough, New Jersey ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
  113. DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Teaneck township, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 25, 2014.
  114. "ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates – 2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Mahwah township, Bergen County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  115. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Bergenfield borough, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  116. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Lodi borough, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  117. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Elmwood Park borough, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  118. Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed November 22, 2014.
  119. Hugh R. Morley (October 9, 2015). "Indian baby clothes maker opens Montvale office to target U.S." North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on October 11, 2015. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  120. Allison Pries and John Ensslin (December 2, 2016). "Bergen prosecutor talks computer crimes, heroin epidemic". NorthJersey.com, part of the USA Today Network. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  121. "Glen Rock Gurudwara". Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  122. "Hindu Samaj Temple of Mahwah". Hindu Samaj Mandir. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  123. Monsy Alvarado (June 22, 2014). "In Bergen, Passaic libraries, languages add diversity to story time". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  124. Richard De Santa (December 1, 2014). "Glen Rock residents seek Diwali observance at district schools". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  125. Harris, Chris. "Glen Rock schools to close for Diwali" Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Record (Bergen County), February 24, 2015. Accessed September 4, 2016. "Schools in the borough will be closed on Nov. 11, since the Board of Education voted to add Diwali, a Hindu holy day, to the district's calendar. District officials claim Glen Rock, which has a burgeoning Indian community, is the first district in Bergen County to formally recognize Diwali with an instruction-free day."
  126. Monsy Alvarado (October 23, 2016). "Thousands attend countywide celebration of Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights". NorthJersey.com, part of the USA Today Network. Archived from the original on October 24, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016. This is the first time in Bergen County that all religious organizations and community organizations are participating under this banner, the Indian Heritage Center," said Dinesh Khosla, president and one of the founders of the temple in Mahwah. "Ten families started the temple 20 years ago and we have over 3,000 members now.
  127. Jai Agnish (April 21, 2018). "Ridgewood Holi festival is fun for everyone". northjersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  128. Russian Ancestry by City., EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  129. "Moscow Patriarchate, Patriarchal Parish in the USA". Russian Orthodox Church of Three Saints, Garfield, NJ. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  130. Rooney, Matt. "Putin Moves Against Fair Lawn", Save Jersey, April 1, 2014. Accessed May 30, 2016. "In a move certain to carry dire geopolitical consequences for the world, the Russian Federation has moved troops into the 32,000-person borough of Fair Lawn, New Jersey, only days after annexing Crimea and strengthening its troop positions along the Ukrainian border."
  131. "April 24 Observed at Bergen County Courthouse". TheArmenianWeekly – Hairenik Association. May 10, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  132. DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Hackensack city, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed October 8, 2014.
  133. Mary Diduch & Christopher Maag (November 10, 2013). "North Jersey Filipinos marshal aid for typhoon relief". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  134. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for New Milford borough, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  135. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Dumont borough, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  136. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Teaneck township, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  137. Nicholas Pugliese (November 7, 2014). "Filipino-born lawyer savors council victory in Bergenfield". Archived from the original on December 3, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  138. "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates - Bergenfield borough, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  139. Stevens, Jean. "Popular roast pig finds a following in North Jersey", Herald News, September 12, 2007. "One might find more lechon in Passaic these days. The city may be North Jersey's next so-called Little Manila, following Bergenfield, Bloomfield and Belleville." Accessed April 29, 2018.
  140. Pizarro, Max. "Rivas and Soriano champion Corzine and Christie respectively in Bergenfield", PolitickerNJ, July 12, 2009. Accessed April 29, 2018. "'I think people see him as an everyday man who is upset about the situation we are facing in New Jersey,' the reverend said today as he made the rounds with Christie from one vendor's booth to the next in a town dubbed Bergen's little Manila, home to 15,000 Filipino-Americans."
  141. "2nd Filipino American Festival in Bergenfield ready to go". Asian Journal – The Filipino Community Newspaper since 1991. June 26, 2014. Archived from the original on December 14, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  142. "Helping to build our diverse community!". Philippine-American Community of Bergen County (PACBC). Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  143. "Filipino-American Association of Fair Lawn – "Committed to Community"". Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2014.
  144. "Mission Statement". The Filipino American Festival, Inc. Archived from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  145. "Filipino American Tennis Association". Retrieved August 17, 2014.
  146. "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates - Fair Lawn borough, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
  147. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Englewood Cliffs borough, New Jersey: 2000 Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 17, 2007.
  148. Stirling, Stephen (March 12, 2011). "Japanese-Americans in Fort Lee, Edgewater describe frantic calls to loved ones in quake's wake". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  149. "JAS of New Jersey". The Japanese-American Society of New Jersey. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  150. Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights – Selected Population Group: Greek Archived December 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  151. Elisa Ung (December 12, 2014). "Restaurant review: Syros Taverna in Englewood". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  152. Greek Ancestry by City. Archived February 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, EPodunk. Accessed April 6, 2007.
  153. "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  154. "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  155. "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  156. "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2009 Supplemental Table 1". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  157. Jean Rimbach (March 6, 2016). "Muslim unity is Teaneck event's focus". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  158. Troncone, Tom. "A passion for politics", The Record (Bergen County), September 27, 2004. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  159. Arab American Demographics, Allied Media Corp.. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  160. Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights – Selected Population Group: Arab Archived December 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  161. Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights – Selected Population Group: Lebanese Archived December 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  162. Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights – Selected Population Group: Syrian Archived December 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  163. Census 2000 Demographic Profile Highlights – Selected Population Group: Egyptian Archived December 6, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 9, 2007.
  164. Hannan Adely (July 15, 2015). "Diners help put N.J. spin on Ramadan observance". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  165. Monsy Alvarado (March 20, 2014). "N.J. Iranians celebrate Persian New Year with music, dance in Englewood". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  166. Lipman, Harvy; and Sheingold, Dave. "North Jersey sees 30% growth in same-sex couples" Archived February 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Record (Bergen County), August 14, 2011. Accessed November 16, 2013.
  167. Melissa Hayes, Kibret Markos, Chris Harris, and Scott Fallon (October 21, 2013). "Christie drops appeal of ruling allowing gay marriage in NJ". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2013.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  168. Todd South (June 28, 2016). "Bergen County officials raise gay-pride flag". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  169. Kathleen Lynn (June 22, 2015). "Home sales rise in U.S., dip in North Jersey". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  170. Kathleen Lynn & Dave Sheingold (May 9, 2015). "Price gap hinders housing recovery across North Jersey". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  171. Brennan, Morgan. "America's Most Expensive Zip Codes 2012", Forbes, October 16, 2012. Accessed September 17, 2013.
  172. "Most expensive ZIP codes 2006: New Jersey", Forbes, April 24, 2006. Accessed September 17, 2013.
  173. Linh Tat (June 12, 2012). "Fort Lee grapples with questions on future development". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on July 23, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  174. Linh Tat (November 19, 2013). "Luxury Fort Lee high-rise transforms Bergen County skyline". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  175. "Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – George Washington Bridge". The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  176. Bod Woodruff; Lana Zak & Stephanie Wash (November 20, 2012). "GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge". ABC News. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
  177. James, George. "Up Front: Worth Noting – Ikea Wonders Where the Crowds Are", The New York Times, August 3, 2003. Accessed May 11, 2015. "The intersection of Routes 4 and 17 in Paramus is one of the busiest in the world.Consider this: about 210,000 cars squeeze through the intersection every day on their way to a variety of destinations, including the adjacent Garden State Plaza shopping mall and the George Washington Bridge."
  178. Bergen County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  179. Pascack Valley Line, NJ Transit. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  180. Main/Bergen-Port Jervis Line, NJ Transit. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  181. Mike Frassinelli (May 9, 2013). "NJ Transit advances light rail extension to Bergen County". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  182. "NJ to Manhattan Rail Tunnel Approved – Bergen County Commuters to Have Direct Train Access to New York City". Archived from the original on January 10, 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  183. Mike Frassinelli (October 29, 2010). "Majority of N.J. residents support Gov. Christie's decision to kill Hudson River tunnel, poll finds". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  184. Route 17 Bergen Rapid Transit Study: Final Report Archived December 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, STV Incorporated, September 2006. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  185. "Northeast New Jersey Metro Mobility Study". NJT, NJTPA, Coach USA. 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  186. FY 2012 Transportation Capital Program: New Jersey Department of Transportation Projects
  187. Vision Bergen: Blueprint For Our Future Networking Transportation To Make It Work Route 17 Archived December 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Parsons Brinkerhoff, June 2011. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  188. Ensslin, John C. (November 26, 2011). "Bergen signs on to find new links for buses, trains". The Record. Archived from the original on December 3, 2011. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
  189. Baldwin, Zoe (July 10, 2009). "New Jersey gradually clearing away obstacles to bus rapid transit". Mobilizing the Region. Tri-State Transportation Campaign. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  190. "Bergen County Bus Rapid Transit Implementation Study". Bergen County and NJT. 2013. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  191. About Teterboro, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  192. About Bergen Archived October 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen Community College. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  193. Metropolitan Campus: About the Campus, Fairleigh Dickinson University. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  194. General Information Archived November 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Felician College. Accessed October 7, 2013. "Felician College has two Bergen County campuses in Lodi and Rutherford, New Jersey, both just miles away from New York City."
  195. Ramapo profile, Ramapo College. accessed October 7, 2013.
  196. Facts and Stats, Saint Peter's University. Accessed October 7, 2013. "Branch campus for adult students in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey and educational sites at companies such as Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield and Pershing, and in schools in Passaic, Middlesex, and Monmouth Counties."
  197. "Top Schools Alphabetical List 2014". New Jersey Monthly. September 2, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
  198. "25 Best High Schools in the Northeast: 2. Bergen County Academies", The Daily Beast. Accessed June 11, 2015.
  199. Kaimann, Frederick. "New Jersey's Top Performing Public High Schools for Academics & the Arts in 2014", The Star-Ledger, August 18, 2014. Accessed June 11, 2015.
  200. Stephanie Noda (September 15, 2014). "Englewood-based group to create regional arts council". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  201. GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County – County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for Bergen County, New Jersey Archived February 12, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  202. Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  203. Local Area Gross Domestic Product, 2018, Bureau of Economic Analysis, released December 12, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019.
  204. "Bergen County Top Employers List". Bergen County Economic Development Corporation. November 30, 2012. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  205. Laura Adams (February 4, 2011). "Billion-Dollar Bergen: Retail reigns supreme throughout the county". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  206. Violet Snow (January 16, 2011). "Paramus appeal goes beyond retail". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  207. Lynn, Kathleen. "Mercedes-Benz is latest to leave NJ, moving from Montvale to Atlanta", The Record (Bergen County), January 6, 2015. Accessed January 21, 2015.
  208. "2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book Available for Order". Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  209. Community Profile of Bergen County, NJ Archived April 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Economic Development Corporation. Accessed January 7, 2014.
  210. Hanley, Robert. "Bergen Stores Try to Repeal Blue Laws", The New York Times, August 27, 1993. Accessed December 29, 2010.
  211. Paramus 07652 Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, GlobeSt. Retail, October 3, 2005.
  212. Bergen County, New Jersey: Religious Affiliations, 2000 Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Association of Religion Data Archives, accessed December 14, 2006
  213. "Teaneck considers a blue move", Jewish Standard, August 17, 2006
  214. Aberback, Brian. "Teaneck drops blue laws effort", The Record (Bergen County), August 19, 2006. Accessed December 24, 2013. "Teaneck — Legal concerns have sunk the Township Council's plan to ask voters whether the town should be exempted from the Sunday blue laws."
  215. DePalma, Anthony. "In New Jersey — Paramus Blue Laws Crimp Office Leasing", The New York Times, November 4, 1984. Accessed July 25, 2018. "Officials tried to regulate the effects of the tremendous growth on the borough by insisting that at least one day a week, Paramus be allowed to enjoy some of its former peace and quiet. In 1957, a law was passed banning all worldly employment on Sundays, forcing all the new stores and malls built in the celery fields to close for the day."
  216. Firschein, Merry. Paramus mayor faces challenge, The Record (Bergen County), October 31, 2006. Accessed December 24, 2013. "Both candidates said they would stand strong against any weakening of the blue laws, which keep most stores closed on Sunday, and would work to keep Paramus' laws the most restrictive in the state."
  217. Allison Pries (March 10, 2019). "Inside the N.J. town where retail spending beats Hollywood and tourism rivals Disney". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved March 10, 2019. The former farming community already sees more retail sales than any other zip code in the country...More than $6 billion in retail sales happen in Paramus each year.
  218. Tompkins, John. "Sunday Selling Plaguing Jersey – Local Businesses Pushing Fight Against Activities of Stores on Highways – Other Group Active Local Option Opposed", The New York Times, June 2, 1957, p. 165. Accessed August 9, 2012.
  219. Verdon, Joan. "Judge sides with county executive over Bergen blue laws" Archived October 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Record (Bergen County), November 9, 2012. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  220. Sullivan, S. P. "Bergen County exec makes clear: Blue laws are back this weekend", NJ.com, November 16, 2012. Accessed October 7, 2013.
  221. Cowen, Richard. "Minimum wage for Bergen County workers is now $15 an hour", The Record (Bergen County), November 21, 2017. Accessed July 25, 2018. "Bergen County Executive Jim Tedesco gave thanks for county workers on Tuesday when he signed an executive order that raises the minimum wage for full-time employees to $15 an hour. Tedesco, riding the progressive wave that swept Phil Murphy into office earlier this month, did his part to help the governor-elect deliver on one of his key campaign promises: to nearly double the minimum wage all around the state, which now stands at $8.44."
  222. Hanley, Robert. "The Political Campaign; Bergen, After 271 Years, To Elect First Executive", The New York Times, October 30, 1986. Accessed October 26, 2017. "Bergen County's 271-year-old form of government - which critics have called fragmented, weak and obscure - vanishes with the election of the county's first Executive next Tuesday.... Under the executive form of government, the board will have new power to adopt ordinances and be a counterbalance to the powers of the executive.... Since 1975, four counties - Atlantic, Essex, Hudson and Mercer -have switched to the executive form of government. [sic]"
  223. Rinde, Meir. "Explainer: What’s a Freeholder? NJ’s Unusual County Government System", NJ Spotlight, October 27, 2015. Accessed October 26, 2017. "Five counties -- Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson, and Mercer -- opted for popularly elected county executives in addition to freeholder boards."
  224. 2017 County and Municipal Directory Archived November 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  225. Freeholders Archived October 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed October 26, 2017.
  226. Gallo, Bill. "What are you paying your county freeholders? (Some gave themselves raises for 2018)", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, July 23, 2018. Accessed July 25, 2018. "Freeholder chairman: $29,312; Other freeholders: $28,312"
  227. Strunsky, Steve. "Follow the $$: Who makes the most running each of N.J.'s 21 counties?", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, October 20, 2017. Accessed October 26, 2017. "Bergen County Corporation Counsel Julien Neals also serves as acting county administrator, a role he took on following the retirement of Ralph Ciallella. Neals receives an annual stipend of $50,000 for his administrative work, in addition to his $121,182 salary as corporation counsel, said Alicia D'Alessandro, a county spokeswoman. Neals' total annual pay is $171,182.... Technically, at least, Neals is the lowest-paid county administrator in New Jersey despite serving in the state's most populous county."
  228. County Executive, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  229. Freeholder Board Archived April 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  230. 2017 County Data Sheet Archived February 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  231. Bergen County November 7, 2017 General Election Statement of Vote Archived January 4, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, November 15, 2017. Accessed January 1, 2018.
  232. Bergen County Statement of Vote November 8, 2016, General Election Archived January 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey, November 18, 2016. Accessed January 30, 2017.
  233. Bergen County Statement of Vote November 3, 2015 General Election Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey Clerk, December 2, 2015. Accessed March 21, 2016.
  234. Bergen County Statement of Vote BER_20141104_E Archived January 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Clerk, December 16, 2014. Accessed January 10, 2015.
  235. Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Archived February 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  236. Vice Chairwoman Germaine M. Ortiz Archived February 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  237. Freeholder Mary J. Amoroso Archived February 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  238. Freeholder David L. Ganz Archived February 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  239. Freeholder Steven A. Tanelli Archived February 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  240. Freeholder Dr. Joan M. Voss Archived February 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  241. Tracy Silna Zur Archived February 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  242. New Jersey State Constitution (1947), Article VII, Section II, Paragraph 2, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  243. Constitutional Officers Archived October 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  244. About the Clerk Archived January 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Clerk. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  245. Members List: Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  246. About Sheriff Michael Saudino Archived October 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Sheriff's Office. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  247. Members List: Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  248. Michael R. Dressler Archived February 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County Surrogate's Court. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  249. Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 24, 2018.
  250. Acting Bergen County Prosecutor Dennis Calo, Bergen County Prosecutor's Office. Accessed February 24, 2018. "On January 17, 2018, Acting Prosecutor Dennis Calo was sworn in as the chief law enforcement officer for the County of Bergen."
  251. Janoski, Steve. "Dennis Calo named acting Bergen County prosecutor, replacing Gurbir Grewal", The Record (Bergen County), January 16, 2018. Accessed February 25, 2018. "Dennis Calo, an assistant Bergen County prosecutor, will serve as the county’s top cop after the departure of Gurbir S. Grewal, the former county prosecutor who was sworn in Tuesday as state attorney general.Calo was named acting county prosecutor on Tuesday, said Liz Rebein, the agency’s spokeswoman. Calo will hold the position until Gov. Phil Murphy appoints someone else or elevates Calo, allowing him to shed the 'acting' title."
  252. "Governor Chris Christie Formally Nominates The Honorable Faustino J. Fernandez-Vina To The New Jersey Supreme Court; Governor Christie Also Moves Forward on Nomination of Gurbir Grewal to be the Next Bergen County Prosecutor", Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie, press release dated September 30, 2013. Accessed October 25, 2017. "Also today, Governor Christie filed the formal nomination of Gurbir Grewal to be the next Bergen County Prosecutor.... Bergen County Prosecutor - Nominate for appointment Gurbir Singh Grewal (Glen Rock, Bergen)"
  253. Jerde, Sara. "Christie renominates acting Bergen County prosecutor for the job", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 23, 2016. Accessed October 25, 2017. "Gov. Chris Christie has again nominated Gurbir Grewal to be Bergen County prosecutor.Christie announced late Monday that he would ask the state Senate to approve Grewal, who has been serving as acting county prosecutor. Christie previously nominated Grewal for the job in 2013, but the Senate did not approve the appointment."
  254. Bergen County, New Jersey Courts. Accessed October 23, 2017.
  255. Ensslin, John C.; and O'Neill, James N. "Tedesco upsets Donovan in race for Bergen County executive", The Record (Bergen County), November 4, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Democrat James Tedesco, in a come-from-behind upset, won a hard-fought race for Bergen County Executive Tuesday, dealing Republican incumbent Kathleen Donovan her first loss at the county level in 25 years."
  256. Staff. "Results of Municipal and County Race", The Record (Bergen County), November 5, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2015.
  257. Ensslin, John C. "Tedesco outspent Donovan 2-to-1 in Bergen County Executive race, final tally shows", The Record (Bergen County), December 4, 2014. Accessed January 7, 2015. "Tedesco spent $990,980, compared with $429,213 spent by Donovan in her unsuccessful bid for a second four-year term, reports compiled by the state Election Law Enforcement Commission showed."
  258. Gartland, Michael. "Donovan leads Republican sweep in Bergen", The Record (Bergen County), November 2, 2010. Accessed October 2, 2013. "In the headline battle, Republican County Clerk Kathleen Donovan unseated incumbent County Executive Dennis McNerney, 116,597 to 103,720 votes, with 547 of 553 precincts reporting ... But the GOP will take control of the board in January, when three new freeholders—Maura DiNicola, John Felice and John Mitchell—are sworn in, giving the GOP a 5–2 majority on the board.A Republican also captured the Bergen County sheriff's post, with Emerson Police Chief Michael Saudino ousting incumbent Leo McGuire."
  259. Dan Mannarino (September 1, 2015). "History made: First female police chief named in Bergen County". WPIX. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  260. John C. Ensslin (August 14, 2015). "Branding Bergen County: Official Bergen seal to be centerpiece of campaign". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  261. Assembly Committee Substitute for Assembly, No. 2635, New Jersey Legislature, June 7, 2004. Accessed October 31, 2014.
  262. DEP Guidance for the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act-Highlands Region Counties and Municipalities; Highlands Municipalities, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, updated July 8, 2014. Accessed October 31, 2014.
  263. 2011 Legislative Districts by County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections. Accessed October 2, 2013.
  264. Legislative Roster 2014–2015 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed May 7, 2015.
  265. 2012 Congressional Districts by County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections. Accessed October 2, 2013.
  266. Plan Components Report, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2011. Accessed October 2, 2013.
  267. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  268. Biography, Congressman Josh Gottheimer. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Josh now lives in Wyckoff, New Jersey with Marla, his wife who was a federal prosecutor, and their two young children, Ellie and Ben."
  269. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  270. Biography, Congressman Bill Pascrell. Accessed January 3, 2019."A native son of Paterson, N.J., Congressman Bill Pascrell, Jr. has built a life of public service upon the principles he learned while growing up on the south side of the Silk City."
  271. Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 3, 2019.
  272. Biography, Congressman Albio Sires. Accessed January 3, 2019. "Congressman Sires resides in West New York with his wife, Adrienne."
  273. http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS
  274. http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/
  275. Statewide Voter Registration Summary Archived December 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, as of October 31, 2014. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  276. GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 – State – County / County Equivalent from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey Archived February 13, 2020, at Archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 11, 2015.
  277. Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 8, 2016 General Election Results Bergen County Archived January 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State, December 21, 2016. Accessed October 23, 2017.
  278. Presidential November 6, 2012 General Election Results – Bergen County Archived September 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  279. Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results – Bergen County Archived September 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  280. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  281. 2004 Presidential Election: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  282. 2013 Governor: Bergen County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, January 29, 2014. Accessed October 3, 2014.
  283. Total Number of Registered Voters, Ballots Cast, Ballots Rejected, Percentage of Ballots Cast and the Total Number of Election Districts in New Jersey General Election November 5, 2013, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, January 30, 2014. Accessed October 3, 2014.
  284. 2009 Governor: Bergen County Archived November 28, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  285. Christopher Maag (July 5, 2014). "Sen. Menendez moves to Bergen County". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  286. Esteban (October 27, 2011). "11 Most Expensive Stadiums In The World". Total Pro Sports. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  287. Belson, Ken (April 8, 2010). "New Stadium, a Football Palace, Opens Saturday With Lacrosse". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  288. Sullivan, S.P. "Photos: Aboard the USS Ling, WWII submarine, on the Hackensack River", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 20, 2012. Accessed May 29, 2016. "These days, the Ling is tended by the Submarine Memorial Association, a not-for-profit entity that maintains the New Jersey Naval Museum."
  289. Maag, Christopher. "N.J. Aviation Hall of Fame in Teterboro draws fans of all ages to 'open-cockpit weekend", The Record (Bergen County), November 2, 2013. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  290. About Us, Bergen Museum of Art & Science. Accessed May 29, 2016. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  291. Meadowlands Environment Center Archived May 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  292. History, Tenafly Nature Center. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  293. About Us, Puffin Foundation. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  294. About Us, Maywood Station Museum. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  295. About, Bergen Performing Arts Center. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  296. Pries, Allison (May 20, 2019). "American Dream opening delayed -- again. But now there will be birds, bunnies and Instagram moments". NJ.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  297. Welcome Archived April 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Bridge Landing. Accessed May 29, 2016. "New Bridge Landing was the site of a pivotal bridge crossing the Hackensack River, where General George Washington led his troops in retreat from British forces. Thearea is now a New Jersey historic site in portions of New Milford, River Edge and Teaneck in Bergen County, New Jersey."
  298. A Brief History of The Hermitage Archived May 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Hermitage Museum. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  299. Wright, Kevin W. Steuben House History, Bergen County Historical Society. Accessed May 29, 2016.
  300. Todd South (June 9, 2016). "Plan would double size of Bergen County Zoo over next 15 years". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  301. Baylor Massacre Burial Site Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "On September 28,1778 during America's Revolutionary War, there was a brutal surprise attack by British forces on the Third Continental Light Dragoons. It is known today as the Baylor Massacre. Now a County-owned historic park and burial ground, the Baylor Massacre Site is located in River Vale in northern Bergen County."
  302. Camp Merritt Memorial Monument Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Camp Merritt Memorial Monument marks the center of an important World War I embarkation camp, where more than one million U.S. soldiers passed through on their way to and from the battlefields of Europe. In August 1919, Bergen County purchased land for the monument at the intersection of Madison Ave. and Knickerbocker Road in Cresskill."
  303. Campbell-Christie House Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "The Campbell-Christie House, an 18th century sandstone structure, is located in Historic New Bridge Landing Park, River Edge. This historic building originally stood at the intersection of Henley Ave. & River Rd. in New Milford. In 1977 in order to save it from demolition Bergen County purchased and financed its move and restoration."
  304. Easton Tower Archived August 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Easton Tower is a unique site in Bergen County. This picturesque stone and wood frame structure was built along the Saddle River in 1900 as part of a landscaped park in the Arcola area of Paramus."
  305. Garretson Farm Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Garretson Farm, near the Passaic River in Fair Lawn, is one of the oldest homesteads in Bergen County. The stone house and farm were occupied by six generations of the Garretson family, from 1720 through the middle of the 20th century. The house is one of the oldest buildings in Bergen County reflecting approximately 300 years of architectural changes."
  306. Gethsamene Cemetery Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Gethsemane Cemetery, located west of the Hackensack River in southwest Bergen County, NJ, was founded in 1860 as a 'burial ground for the colored population of the Village of Hackensack.'"
  307. Washington Spring Archived January 8, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. " Washington Spring, located in Van Saun County Park, is associated with General George Washington and the movement of his Continental Army through Bergen County during the Revolutionary War."
  308. Wortendyke Barn Archived December 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Bergen County. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Resting like a jewel is suburban New Jersey is the Wortendyke Barn Museum, a National Register landmark that is all that remains of the original 460-acre Wortendyke Farm."

Sources
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.