Máramaros County

Máramaros County (German: Komitat Maramuresch; Hungarian: Máramaros vármegye; Latin: Comitatus Maramarosiensis; Romanian: Comitatul Maramureș; Rusyn: Комітат Марамарош; Ukrainian: Kомітат Мармарош; ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in north-western Romania and western Ukraine. The capital of the county was Máramarossziget (present-day Sighetu Marmației).[1]

Máramaros County
Comitatus Maramarosiensis  (Latin)
Máramaros vármegye  (Hungarian)
Komitat Maramuresch  (German)
Комітат Марамарош  (Rusyn)
Comitatul Maramureș  (Romanian)
Kомітат Мармарош  (Ukrainian)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary
(12th century-1920, 1940-1945)
Coat of arms

CapitalMáramarossziget
Area
 • Coordinates47°56′N 23°53′E
 
• 1910
9,716 km2 (3,751 sq mi)
Population 
• 1910
357700
History 
• Established
12th century
• Treaty of Trianon
4 June 1920
• County recreated (Second Vienna Award)
30 August 1940
• Disestablished
1945
Today part of Ukraine
 Romania
Sighetu Marmației is the current name of the capital.

Geography
Map of Máramaros, 1891.

Máramaros county shared borders with the Austrian crownlands Galicia (now in Poland and Ukraine) and Bukovina (now in Romania and Ukraine) and the Hungarian counties Bereg, Ugocsa, Szatmár, Szolnok-Doboka and Beszterce-Naszód. It was situated on both sides of the river Tisza, and in the Carpathian mountains. Its area was 9720 km² around 1910.

History

The first mention of the county in the written sources is from 1119 ("cum in Maramorisio tempore venationis venatum ivissemus"). In the 13th century, it was almost uninhabited or very scarcely inhabited. The growth of its population started when the five crown cities (Máramarossziget, Hosszúmező, Huszt, Técső, Visk) were founded in the 14th century.[2] In 1920, after the Treaty of Trianon, the northern part of the county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Rus'). The southern part (including Sighetu Marmației) became part of Romania.

The northern part was returned to Hungary by the annexation of the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia after Czechoslovakia ceased to exist in 1939, however the redeemed territories of the former county remained separate from the administrative branch office of Máramaros. After the Second Vienna Award, the rest of the county became part of Hungary as well and Máramaros County was recreated on this territory, with Máramarossziget as capital. Afterwards, the northern part of Máramaros county along with the administrative branch offices of Máramaros became part of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian SSR, Zakarpattia Oblast. Since 1991, when the Soviet Union split up, the Zakarpattya region is part of Ukraine.

The southern part of the county is now part of the Romanian county Maramureș.

Demographics

1900

In 1900, the county had a population of 309,598 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]

Total:

According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]

Total:

1910
Ethnic map of the county with data of the 1910 census (see the key in the description).

In 1910, the county had a population of 357,705 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]

Total:

According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]

Total:

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Máramaros county were:

Districts (járás)
DistrictCapital
DolhaDolha, UA Dovhe
HusztHuszt, UA Khust
IzavölgyDragomérfalva, RO Dragomirești
ÖkörmezőÖkörmező, UA Mizhhir'ya
SugatagAknasugatag, RO Ocna Șugatag
SzigetMáramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației
TaracvizTaracköz, UA Teresva
TécsőTécső, UA Tiachiv
TiszavölgyRahó, UA Rakhiv
VisóFelsővisó, RO Vișeu de Sus
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Máramarossziget, RO Sighetu Marmației

Rakhiv, Teresva, Tiachiv, Khust, Dovhe and Mizhhir'ya are now in Ukraine; Sighetu Marmației, Ocna Șugatag, Dragomirești and Vișeu de Sus are now in Romania.

References
  1. Máramaros, A Pallas nagy lexikona (in Hungarian)
  2. Györffy György: Máramarosvármegye (4: 118)
  3. "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  4. "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
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