1973 in aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1973:

Years in aviation: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Centuries: 19th century · 20th century · 21st century
Decades: 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Years: 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976

Events

January
  • January 2
    • Attempting to land at Edmonton International Airport in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in blowing snow, Pacific Western Airlines Flight 3801, a Boeing 707-321C freighter carrying 86 head of cattle and a crew of five, strikes poplar trees southeast of the airport 3,137 meters ( feet) short of the runway. It strikes the ground a glancing blow, its tail section strikes power lines, and then it crashes into a ridge in a gravel pit. The cockpit and the forward section of the fuselage breaks off, and the 86 cattle are thrown through the opening in the front of the fuselage, landing up to 100 meters (328 feet) away. The plane then catches fire. The entire crew is killed.[1]
    • Released from a psychiatric hospital days earlier, 37-year-old Charles Wenige hides in a lavatory aboard Piedmont Airlines Flight 928, a NAMC YS-11, after it arrives at Baltimore-Washington International Airport outside Baltimore, Maryland, after a flight from Atlanta, Georgia, with a stop at Washington, D.C. When all the passengers have disembarked, he emerges from the lavatory and points a .45-caliber pistol he had stolen from a United States Marine Corps sergeant at the airport in Washington at a crew member and demands access to the airliner's liquor cabinet and to be flown to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. After two hours of negotiations, he agrees to release the stewardesses in exchange for a meeting with a psychiatrist and with Cardinal Lawrence Shehan. U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation agent Thomas Farrow boards the plane and escorts Wenige to the tarmac for the meeting, advising Wenige to tuck is pistol away in the cardinal's presence. When Wenige does, Farrow overpowers and arrests him. It is the last U.S. hijacking before mandatory security screening of airline passengers begins in the United States.[2][3]
  • January 4 – As a Pacific Western Airlines Convair turboprop airliner prepares to take off from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, for a flight to Penticton, British Columbia, with 18 people on board, a passenger, 26-year-old Christopher Kenneth Nielson, draws a gun and demands $2 million in cash and to be flown to North Vietnam, threatening to blow up the airliner if his demands are not met. During negotiations, he allows the other 13 passengers and one crew member to disembark, leaving three crew members aboard the plane with him. Police then storm the plane and arrest him, finding that he is armed only with two toy guns.[4][5]
  • January 5 – The mandatory security screening of all airline passengers begins at all airports in the United States.[6]
  • January 7
  • January 9 – In the Vietnam War, President Richard Nixon's administration permits American fighter aircraft to pursue North Vietnamese aircraft north of the 20th Parallel.[8]
  • January 12 – Flying a United States Navy F-4 Phantom II fighter of Fighter Squadron 161 (VF-161) off USS Midway, Lieutenants V. T. Kovaleski (pilot) and J. A. Wise (radar intercept officer) score the 197th and final American air-to-air victory of the Vietnam War. It is the 61st kill of the war for American carrier-based aircraft.[8][9]
  • January 14
    • A U.S. Navy F-4B Phantom II of Fighter Squadron 161 (VF-161) off USS Midway flown by Lieutenant V. T. Kovaleski (pilot) and Ensign D. H. Plautz (radar intercept officer) becomes the last American aircraft lost over North Vietnam when it is shot down by antiaircraft artillery near Thanh Hoa while escorting an Operation Blue Tree reconnaissance mission.[9]
    • A CAAC Airlines Ilyushin Il-14 crashes into a mountain near Guiyang in the People's Republic of China, killing all 29 people on board.[10]
  • January 15 – President Richard Nixon's administration orders a halt to all bombing and shelling of North Vietnam and all mining of North Vietnamese harbors.[8]
  • January 17 – The Government of Togo establishes the Direction de l’Aviation Civile ("Directorate of Civil Aviation") as Togo′s national civil aviation authority. It is the predecessor of the Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile du Togo ("National Agency of Civil Aviation of Togo").
  • January 18 – Results of the U.S. Air Force A-X fly-off are announced, with the Fairchild YA-10 selected over the Northrop YA-9.
  • January 21 – Aeroflot Flight 6263, an Antonov An-24B (registration CCCP-46276) on a domestic flight in the Soviet Union from Kazan to Perm, suddenly banks heavily right and then left at an altitude of 5,400 meters (17,716 feet), then spirals downward, reaching a speed of 1,000 km/hr (621 mph). At an altitude of 2,700 meters (8,858 feet) it begins an upward loop, breaks up, and falls to earth near Petukhovo in the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic's Bolshesosnovsky District. The crash kills 35 of the 39 people on board; the other four freeze to death in the –41 °C (–41.8 °F) temperature at the crash site before rescuers can arrive.[11]
  • January 22
  • January 27
    • A U.S. Navy F-4 Phantom II from USS Enterprise piloted by Lieutenant Commander Harley Hall is shot down over South Vietnam near the Demilitarized Zone. It is the last American fixed-wing aircraft lost in the Vietnam War.[8]
    • The United States, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam agree in Paris to a ceasefire in the Vietnam War, scheduling it to take effect on January 29.[13][14]
  • January 28 – A United States Air Force B-52 Stratofortress conducts the last Operation Arc Light strike of the Vietnam War. Arc Light had begun in 1965.[14]
  • January 29
  • January 31 – U.S. Air Force and Royal Lao Air Force aircraft have flown a combined 8,000 sorties against Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese forces in Laos since January 1.[17]

February

March

April

May

June
  • June 1
  • June 3 – The first production Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic airliner breaks up during a demonstration flight at the Paris Air Show and crashes at Goussainville, Val-d'Oise, France, striking 15 houses. The crash kills its entire crew of six, and also kills eight people – three of them children – and severely injures 60 on the ground.
  • June 4
    • Flying a MiG Ye-155, Soviet pilot Boris A. Orlov sets a world time-to-height record, climbing to 20,000 meters (65,616 feet) in 2 minutes 49.8 seconds. On the same day, another Soviet pilot, Pyotr M. Ostapenko, sets two time-to-height world records in a Ye-155, reaching 25,000 meters (82,020 feet) in 3 minutes 12.6 seconds and 30,000 meters (98,424 feet) in 4 minutes 3.86 seconds.
    • Bonnie Linda Tiburzi (age 24) becomes the first woman pilot to earn her wings with a national American airline, American Airlines.[52]
  • June 7 – Bahamasair commences operations.
  • June 9 – Due to an improper configuration of spoilers, a Varig Boeing 707-327C freighter on approach to Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pitches downward from at altitude of 70 meters (230 feet), strikes approach lights, and ditches in Guanabara Bay, killing two members of its four-person crew.[53]
  • June 10 – Three hijackers demand ransom money aboard a Royal Nepal Airlines de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter with 21 people on board during a domestic flight in Nepal from Biratnagar to Kathmandu. They force the airliner to fly to Bihar, India, where they escape.[54]
  • June 20 – Aeroméxico Flight 229, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15, crashes into a mountain while on approach to Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, killing all 27 people on board.
  • June 21 – Air Canada Flight 890, a Douglas DC-8-53 (registration CF-TIJ) catches fire while refueling at Toronto International Airport in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The fire destroys the airliner, but no one is on board at the time and there are no fatalities.[55]
  • June 30 – Aeroflot Flight 512, a Tupolev Tu-134A (registration CCCP-65668) aborts its takeoff from Amman Civil Airport in Amman, Jordan, and runs off the end of the runway. It travels 290 meters (951 feet) beyond the runway, sliding down the slope of a ravine, colliding with trees, striking a one-storey concrete building, and breaking into three pieces. The crash kills two of the airliner's seven crew members and seven people in the building, but the other five crew members and all 78 passengers survive.[56]

July

August

September

October
  • Aeroperú, the flag carrier of Peru, begins flight operations with a fleet of three Fokker F28 Fellowships. Its first flight is from Lima to Cusco.
  • October 2
  • October 3 – Israeli Air Force photography detects the Syrian deployment of armored division artillery near the Israeli-Syrian border.[59]
  • October 4 – Israeli Air Force photography reveals that Egypt has massed tanks, artillery, and equipment for crossing the Suez Canal behind its infantry divisions along the canal.[72]
  • October 6
  • October 7
    • Shortly after beginning a planned daylong series of attacks on Egyptian air defenses along the Suez Canal, the Israeli Air Force cancels them and reverses its operations to blunt a threatening Syrian ground offensive that has almost reached the Jordan River. Although it suffers heavy losses to Syrian 2K12 Kub (NATO reporting name "SA-6 Gainful") and Strela 2 (NATO reporting name "SA-7 Grail") surface-to-air missiles, it halts the Syrian offensive and over the next two days assists Israeli ground forces in pushing the Syrians back.[73]
    • Twenty-four hours after the Yom Kippur War began, the Israeli Air Force has lost 30 aircraft in combat with the Egyptians.[73]
  • October 9 – The Israeli Air Force bombs Damascus, Syria, allegedly in retaliation for Syrian 9K52 Luna-M (NATO reporting name "FROG-7") artillery rocket attacks on Israeli civilian targets.[76]
  • October 10
    • The Soviet Union begins an airlift in support of Arab forces fighting in the Yom Kippur War with 21 Antonov An-12 (NATO reporting name "Cub") flights into Damascus, Syria. The Soviet airlift maintains a rate of about 30 sorties a day through October 12, after which it escalates to 100 per day. Before it ends, it will deliver 16,000 short tons (14,515 metric tons) of supplies and equipment in 935 sorties, with An-12s making deliveries to Syria and Antonov An-22s (NATO reporting name "Cock") flying to Egypt.[77]
    • Aircraft of the Israeli airline El Al, their markings painted over to prevent recognition, begin an airlift of supplies and equipment from the United States to Israel, with the first flight departing Norfolk, Virginia. El Al will deliver a total of 5,500 short tons (4,990 metric tons) in 250 flights.[78]
    • A hijacker commandeers a Mexicana de Aviación Boeing 727 bound from Mexico City to Monterrey. Police storm the plane at Mexico City and arrest the hijacker.[79]
  • October 11 – Three men opposed to the regime of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos hijack a Philippine Air Lines BAC One-Eleven with 58 people on board during a domestic flight in the Philippines from Davao City to Bacolod. During a refueling stop in Manila, they exchange the other 48 passengers for Philippine Air Lines president Benigno Toda, Jr. With Toda and the airliner's seven crew members aboard, the hijackers force the plane to take off and fly to Hong Kong, where they surrender to the authorities.[80]
  • October 13
    • The United States begins to transfer aircraft to the Israeli Air Force. The total of aircraft transferred will reach 36 F-4 Phantom IIs, 20 A-4 Skyhawks, and 12 C-130 Hercules during the Yom Kippur War.[81]
    • Aeroflot Flight 964, a Tupolev Tu-104B (registration CCCP-42486), suffers an electrical power failure and goes into a steep downward spiral from an altitude of 1,300 feet (396 meters) while on approach to Domodedovo Airport in Moscow in darkness and poor weather. It crashes 17 kilometers (10.6 miles) northwest of the airport, killing all 122 people on board. The crash is the deadliest involving a Tu-104 and at the time is the second-deadliest aviation accident in history on the territory of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.[82]
  • October 14 – A massive U.S. Air Force airlift to Israel begins, including the delivery of tanks by C-5A Galaxy transports. Making 14,000-mile (22,544-km) round trips, they will deliver 22,400 short tons (20,321 metric tons) of supplies and equipment in 564 sorties.[83]
  • October 18 – Upset by the launch of the French-Italian comedy film The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob promoted by her husband, French film producer and publicist Georges Cravenne, because she views it as anti-Palestinian, Danièle Cravenne uses a .22-caliber pistol to hijack an Air France Boeing 727-228 (registration F-BPJC) with 110 people on board making a domestic flight in France from Paris to Nice, demanding that the movie not open, that all motor traffic in France be halted for 24 hours, and that she be flown to Cairo, Egypt. The captain talks her into letting him land at Marseilles, France, to refuel. After the airliner lands at Marseille-Marignane Airport, Cravenne lets all the passengers and most of the crew disembark, after which several French police officers disguised as maintenance personnel board the plane and shoot her to death.[84][85]
  • October 20 – Four hijackers commandeer an Aerolineas Argentinas Boeing 737-287C with 57 people on board during a domestic flight in Argentina from Buenos Aires to Salta. They force the airliner to fly to Tucumán, Argentina, where they demand that it be refueled so that they can fly to Lima, Peru, and then on to Cuba. After authorities refuse to allow the plane to be refueled at Tucumán, the hijackers order it to take off again. It flies to Yacuiba Airport in Yacuíba, Bolivia, where the hijackers release 38 passengers. They finally surrender at Yacuíba on October 24 after receiving assurances that the authorities would allow them to leave Bolivia.[86]
  • October 23 – VASP Flight 012, a NAMC YS-11A-211 (registration PP-SMJ), loses power during takeoff from Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Its crew aborts the takeoff immediately, but braking action is poor, so the crew retracts the landing gear. The airliner slides on its belly into Guanabara Bay, killing eight of the 65 people on board.[87]
  • October 24 (October 25 in the Middle East) – In response to a Soviet threat to intervene militarily against Israel in the Yom Kippur War, President Richard Nixon puts the United States Armed Forces on alert at Defense Readiness Condition (DEFCON) 3, which includes a minimal redeployment of U.S. Air Force B-52 Stratofortresses and other bombers as a preliminary preparation in case of a strategic nuclear exchange with the Soviet Union.[88]
  • October 25 – A ceasefire ends the Yom Kippur War. Israel has lost 103 fighters and six helicopters during the 18 days of fighting.[89]
  • October 31 – A hijacker commandeers an Avensa Douglas DC-9-14 during a domestic flight in Venezuela from Barquisimeto to Caracas. He shoots and seriously wounds himself and is arrested after the airliner lands at Caracas.[90]

November
  • November 2 – Four hijackers commandeer an Aeroflot Yakovlev Yak-40 during a domestic flight in the Soviet Union from Bryansk to Moscow, demanding money and to be flown to Sweden. After the airliner lands in Moscow, Soviet security forces storm it and bring the hijacking to an end. There are two fatalities.[91]
  • November 3
    • After smoke begins to fill Pan American World Airways Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C freighter carrying 52,912 pounds (24,001 kg) of cargo – including 15,360 pounds (6,967 kg) of chemicals – and a crew of three flying from New York City to Glasgow, Scotland, its crew attempts to divert to Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, but it crashes just short of the runway, killing the entire crew.[92]
    • The number three engine of National Airlines Flight 27, a Douglas DC-10-10, explodes while the aircraft is over New Mexico. Fragments penetrate the fuselage, causing one passenger to be sucked from the plane; his body is found two years later. The aircraft lands safely.
  • November 12 – Lufthansa inaugurates Douglas DC-10 service with a DC-10-30 flight.
  • November 13 – Friendship International Airport in Baltimore, Maryland, is renamed Baltimore–Washington International Airport.
  • November 17 – Apparently attempting to divert to Chu Lai Air Base in Chu Lai, South Vietnam, after receiving word from air traffic controllers that its intended destination, Quảng Ngãi Airfield outside Quảng Ngãi, South Vietnam, had flooded, an Air Vietnam Douglas C-47B-10-DK Skytrain (registration XV-NIE) strays off course and crashes into the nearly vertical wall of a mountain 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) north-northwest of Quảng Ngai at an altitude of about 400 meters (1,312 feet), killing all 27 people on board.[93]
  • November 23 – An improvised explosive device detonates aboard Argo 16, an Italian Air Force C-47 Dakota used by the Italian Secret Service and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency for electronic surveillance over the Adriatic Sea and to interfere with Yugoslavia's radar network, causing the aircraft to crash at Marghera, Italy, killing all four people on board.
  • November 25 – Three young members of the Arab Nationalist Youth Organization hijack the KLM Boeing 747-206B Mississippi, operating as Flight 861 with 264 people on board, over Iraq. The plane first flies to Malta, where the hijackers release eight female flight attendants and most of the passengers, then proceeds with 11 passengers on board to Dubai, where the hijacking ends without further incident.
  • November 27
    • Delta Air Lines Flight 516, a Douglas DC-9-32, crashes short of the runway at Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport in Chattanooga, Tennessee, injuring 26 of the 79 people on board.
    • Landing in light rain and fog, Eastern Airlines Flight 300, a Douglas DC-9-31 (registration N8967E) overruns the runway while landing at Akron-Canton Airport in Green, Ohio, crossing 110 feet (34 meters) of unpaved ground and plunging over a 38-foot (11.6-meter) embankment before coming to rest. All 26 people on board survive.[94]
  • November 29 – During a commercial fight, an airliner strikes a Rüppell's griffon vulture at an altitude of 37,000 feet (11,278 meters) over Abidjan, Ivory Coast, the highest bird strike ever recorded. The airliner loses power in one engine but lands safely.[95]
  • November 30

December
  • December 1 – A hijacker aboard a Swissair Douglas DC-8 with 145 people on board bound from Geneva to Zürich, Switzerland, demands an airline ticket to New York City and US$50,000 for starvation in Africa. Security forces storm the airliner at Geneva and arrest the hijacker.[96]
  • December 7 – Landing at Domodedovo Airport in Moscow, Aeroflot Flight 964, a Tupolev Tu-104B (registration CCCP-42503), slides off the runway into snow and catches fire, killing 16 of the 75 people on board.[97]
  • December 15 – An Aircraft Pool Leasing Corporation Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation freighter (registration N6917C) carrying a cargo of Christmas trees to Caracas, Venezuela, crashes just after takeoff from Miami International Airport in Miami, Florida. The plane strikes high-tension lines and a tree, crashes into a parking lot, then hits several houses and other property before coming to rest. The crash kills the plane's entire crew of three and six people on the ground.[98]
  • December 16 – After its crew loses control of it due to an electrical short circuit, Aeroflot Flight 2022, a Tupolev Tu-124V (registration CCCP-45061), crashes near Karacharovo in the Soviet Union's Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, killing all 51 people on board.[99]
  • December 17 – Between six and 10 Palestinian terrorists attack the Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport terminal in Rome, Italy, with automatic firearms and grenades, killing two people. They then throw grenades through the open doors of the Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321B Clipper Celestial, operating as Flight 110 with 177 people on board, just as it is preparing to taxi for departure; 30 people aboard the plane die and 20 are injured. Five other gunmen storm a Lufthansa Boeing 737, bringing aboard 10 hostages and taking the crew of four on board hostage as well. On December 18, after 16 hours on the ground, during which time they murder one and injure another hostage, they dump the injured hostage and the body of the murdered one off the 737 and order it to fly to Athens, Greece; the plane then spends another 16 hours on the ground in Athens before proceeding to a landing at Damascus, Syria. Finally, the 737 flies to Kuwait, where the five hijackers release the 12 remaining hostages and are given free passage off the plane.
  • December 22 – A Royal Air Maroc Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VIN (registration OO-SRD) goes off course during a turn to begin a descent in rain and darkness to Tangier, Morocco. It crashes into Mount Mellaline near Tétouan, Morocco, at an altitude of 2,300 feet (701 meters), killing all 106 people on board.[100]
  • December 23 – An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-124V (registration CCCP-45044) suffers an engine failure, fuel-line rupture, and in-flight fire shortly after take off from Lviv-Snilow Airport in Lviv in the Soviet Union's Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. It crashes near Vinniki, killing all 17 people on board.[101]

First flights

January
  • January 4 – Gates Learjet 26 N26GL
  • October 7 – Cameron D96 Hot-Air Airship G-BAMK

February

March

April

May
  • May 11 – Dassault Falcon 30 F-WAMD
  • May 30 – WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor[105]

June

July

August
  • August 1 – Martin Marietta X-24B
  • August 5 – Trident Trigull CF-TRI-X[107]
  • August 21 – Aerosport Scamp[108]
  • August 22 – Learjet 35

September

October
  • October 8 – RFB Fanliner D-EJFL[111]
  • October 26 – Dassault-Breguet/Dornier Alpha Jet

November

December

Entered service

April

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